scholarly journals Combining yield, earliness and plant height in a single genotype: a proposal for breeding in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio Dessaune Tardin ◽  
Cícero Beserra de Menezes ◽  
Aisy Botega Baldoni ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
The Cross

Grain sorghum production has expanded during the off-season when rainfall oscillates and becomes insufficient. Aiming to obtain better adapted cultivars, breeding programs have sought new combinations of hybrids with earliness, high grain yield, and ideal plant height for harvesting. This study aimed to estimate de combining ability of grain sorghum lines, proposing a breeding strategy, to identify hybrids gathering high yield, earliness, and desired plant height. Thirty-six hybrids from crosses of 12 lines were evaluated at two sites in the Brazilian region known as Cerrado biome. The evaluated traits were: days to flowering, plant height, and grain yield. For the diallel analysis, Method 4 of Griffing adapted to partial diallel was adopted. By combining ability analysis, we identified promising lines to be used as parents to obtain more yielding, early, and ideal height hybrids. The findings allowed us to propose a breeding strategy, in which complex crosses should be performed to gather favorable alleles in new restorer and male-sterile lines. The hybrids 7, 9, 19, and 22 are the most suitable for growing in the evaluated sites. Highlights: Combining ability analysis allows the identification of promising parents to be used in grain sorghum breeding program. Favorable alleles for each trait are contained in different parents, which makes gene pyramiding a necessary strategy to simultaneously gathering earliness, plant height suitable for harvesting, and high yield in a single hybrid. To improve the R lines, the cross between M2 (good donor for shorter height) x M5 (good donor for earliness) should be performed, and the hybrid resulting from M2xM5 can be crossed with the M4 line (good donor for high grain yield). The hybrid generated by the cross F1-B x F4-B (high earliness) should be crossed with the hybrid derived from F6-B x F5-B (shorter height), and the hybrid resulting should be crossed with the hybrid generated by F2-B x F3-B (high grain yield).

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
BP Mallikarjuna ◽  
N Shivakumar ◽  
J Devendrappa ◽  
VD Sheela ◽  
G Bharamappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene

Combining ability on grain yield and its components from line × tester analysis of thirty rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.) produced by crossing three newly developed CMS lines and ten testers of local origin were studied. The analysis revealed higher SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters except plant height indicating the prevalence of non-additive gene action. The line KCMS 45A and testers MSN 36 and KMR 3 were the good general combiners for yield and its major contributing characters. MSN 99 was the only good general combiner among the male parents for earliness and dwarfness. The hybrids KCMS 46A × MSN 75, KCMS 44A × KMR 4 and KCMS 45A × KMR 3 were identified as potential hybrids for yield contributing characters based on SCA effects which could be exploited in future rice breeding programme by adopting heterosis breeding strategy. The contribution of testers towards the total variance was found higher than lines and line x tester interaction suggesting predominant of testers influence for these characters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21107 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 1-8 (2014)

scholarly journals Performance of grain sorghum hybrids in soils with low and high aluminum saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Crislene Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Nataly Sousa Silva ◽  
Jurandir Vieira Magalhães ◽  
Robert Eugene Schaffert ◽  
Cícero Beserra de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
National Average ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
High Aluminum

ABSTRACT The presence of aluminum (Al3+) in acidic soils is one of the main causes of low crop yield, since it inhibits the root growth, thus affecting the nutrients and water uptake by plants. An approach to grow crops in areas with high Al3+ saturation is the use of tolerant cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate commercial sorghum hybrids in soils with low and high aluminum saturation, in order to select cultivars with high grain yield, even when exposed to abiotic stress. Twenty hybrids were evaluated for characteristics such as plant flowering, plant height and grain yield. All three traits were significantly affected by Al3+, being grain yield the most affected one. Despite the significant genotypes x environments interaction for grain yield, it was possible to select hybrids with yield above the national average in both environments. The hybrids BRS373, 50A50, AS4639, DKB540, AS4625, A9721R, 1167092, DKB550, 1G282 and AG1040 showed a high yield under low and high Al-saturation conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Underutilized Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Accessions using Morphological and Quality Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nirubana ◽  
R. Ravikesavan ◽  
K. Ganesamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kodo Millet ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Background: Kodo millet is an important drought tolerant crop and has high nutritional values, dietary fiber and antioxidant properties. It has considerable production potential in marginal and low fertility soils under diverse environmental conditions. Considering the importance of the crop, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality along with grain yield of the crop. With this background, the investigation was aimed to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis which helps to identify the promising traits for yield and quality improvement. Methods: One hundred and three kodo millet germplasm lines were evaluated for 13 morpho-agronomic and two grain nutritional traits. The crop was raised in randomized block design to select the promising genotypes and to study the association among the traits and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects for fifteen quantitative traits. Result: Based on the overall mean performance the significant genotypes were identified and found wide range of variability for different traits. Character association studies indicated that days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers, peduncle length, inflorescence length, length of the longest raceme and thumb length were significantly positive association with grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that inflorescence length, plant height, length of the longest raceme, flag leaf blade length and number of productive tillers exhibited high direct positive effect on grain yield. Therefore, giving importance of these traits during selections may be useful for developing nutritionally superior high yielding kodo millet genotypes.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Pooran Chand
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Forty five hybrids derived from a diallel mating design of ten parents and one standard check PUSA CHARI-121 were evaluated for general and specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf breadth and 100- seed weight of Sorghum bicolor. The mean square due to general and specific combining ability was significan for Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm),No of Leaves/plant, Leaf length (cm), Leaf width (cm), seed yield/plant (g), Fodder yield/plant (q/ha) and 100-seed weight (g) for all the characters. Both additive and non additive genetic effects were present in the material under study. However the ratio of σ2gca/ σ2sca suggested that the preponderance of non additive gene action in expression of all the characters under study. Out of the nine parents PUSA CHARI-121, PANT CHARI-4, MP CHARI, PANT CHARI-6 and PANT CHARI-5 identified as good general combiner for grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant and other agronomical traits. The hybrid HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 and PANT CHARI-4 x PUSA CHARI-121 for grain yield/plant and hybrid MP CHARI x PANT CHARI-6, PANT CHARI-5 x SPV 1616 and HC-136 x PANT CHARI-4 for dry fodder yield/plant exhibited higher magnitude of positive significant specific combining ability effect with highest standard heterosis and per se performance. These hybrids were also found suitable for two or three yield contributing traits. In general, close association between specific combining ability effects and standard heterosis was observed among the best hybrids identified on the basis of specific combining ability effects for grain and dry fodder yield.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRELATION OF INTERRELATIONS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRAIN SORGHUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Victoria Igorevna Starchak ◽  
Valery Ivanovich Zhuzhukin ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Zhuk ◽  
Vera Valeryevna Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Research And Design

In modern conditions, the need for cultivation of grain sorghum in regions with insufficient moisture is determined by its high yield and grain quality. For practical breeding, with the objective of assessing linkages 19 morphological and physiological traits model of the population including 15 varieties and 2 promising lines of grain sorghum that is created in the Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize. The biochemical composition of the grain of the objects of research is presented graphically. A different degree of variation in the characteristics of grain sorghum was revealed: very strong (V> 40,0%) - productive bushiness, number of grains from 1 panicle; strong (20,0% <V <40,0%) - the width of the panicle, the extension of the panicle leg, the thickness of the upper internode, the area of the flag leaf, the area of the fourth on top of the leaf, the mass of the grain from 1 panicle; weak (V <10,0%) - the height of the plants after 30 days, the height of the plants during maturation. The group with an average degree of variation (10.0% <V <20.0%) includes all other signs measured in the experiment. Factor analysis was used to optimize, interpret the calculated matrix of correlation coefficients. In the analysis of the correlation coefficient matrix, hypothetical factors with a contribution of more than 5% to the accumulated variance are calculated. The first hypothetical factor is determined by the high effects of morphophysiological features. The second factor is largely due to the contribution of plant height 30 days after germination and the extension of the panicle legs. Plant height at maturity, weight of 1000 grains make the greatest contribution to the third factor. The width of the panicle makes the greatest contribution to the accumulated dispersion of the fourth factor. The fifth factor is determined by the effects of plant height at the beginning and end of vegetation, as well as the total contribution of all studied features.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Analysis of Yield and Its Components in Cacao

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geok Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Male Female ◽  
Bean Weight

Six Trinitario females of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) were crossed with nine Amazonian males in a factorial crossing design. The 54 hybrid progenies were used to estimate genetic variability due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield, pod production, pod weight, husk content, number of beans per pod, average bean weight, and pod value. The results demonstrated that GCA differed significantly for all characteristics from all three sources (Le., female + male, female, and male). SCA (female × male) was also significantly different for all characteristics. The ratio of GCA to SCA ranged from 7.1 for number of beans per pod to 25.7 for pod weight. This result suggested that a major portion of the genetic variability was additive in nature for these characteristics. Among the six Trinitarios, KA2-106 was the best female parent; it contributed high yield and all the desirable pod and bean characteristics into the hybrid progenies. Trinitario KA2-101 combined high pod production and yield, but tended to transmit below-average pod and bean characteristics to its progenies. Amazonians KEE6 and KEE12 were the two highest-yielding male parents, but had below-average bean number per pod and average bean weight. KEE42 and KEE43 combined high yield and transmitted good pod and bean characteristics to their progenies. Based on the GCA effects and the mean performance of the hybrid progenies, a multi-line cultivar consisting of 20 high-yielding crosses with good pod and bean characteristics is being produced in seed gardens for commercial planting.

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