scholarly journals Assessing the increase of solar fields in Iberian Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bastida-Molina ◽  
David Alfonso-Solar ◽  
Carlos Vargas-Salgado ◽  
Lina Montuori
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Electrical Generation

Spanish electrical generation has traditionally included high pollutant energy resources, like fuel or carbon. However, disturbing ever-increase in the average temperature of Planet Earth has led to a search for sustainability in the energy scenario.  Therefore, Spanish electrical generation mix is prone to replace contaminant energy resources by non-contaminant, such renewables. Concretely, Spain is one of the countries with more solar peak annual hours. Nevertheless, having enough space to increase solar fields has been widely question. In this paper, an unrealistic scenario where all the annual Spanish consumption would be covered by photovoltaics is deeply analysed. Considering real electrical Spanish consumption data from 2017, required total quantity of solar panels has been quantified. Additionally, the study takes the hypothesis that all the panels should be placed on Spanish desert zones for two main reasons. First, total solar peak annual hours there are higher than in other Spanish regions. Last, making there the installation would give use to previous wasted zones. Obtained results indicate that around 691 million of 330Wp solar panels would be required for this issue, taking up 492175 km2. This space means only a 0.77% of all Iberian Peninsula. These outcomes clearly show that there is suitable and enough space to increase solar fields in Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Expansion of renewable energy resources and energyconscious behaviour at the University of Szeged

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The University

At the University of Szeged, as the greenest University of Hungary, the sustainability project is built on two pillars. One of them is based on events and communication campaigns held regularly for the University citizens to prompt environmental-conscious behaviour, whereas the other is built on technological developments and on the extensive use of renewable energy resources. Thus the development of built environment and social responsibility both support the adequacy to sustainability requirements. The spreading of the effective solutions to making more and more buildings of the University energy efficient, numerous investments using renewable energy are also responsible for the decrease of the natural energy use of the institution contrary to the fact that the number of the buildings of the University of Szeged is continually increasing. It can be stated that the University of Szeged is committed to using renewable energy which is taken into consideration of each investment planning. The following examples confirm it: using geothermal cascade system for heating and cooling of five university bulidings, solar panels on 24 builidings and a unique technology of using the heat of wastewater to cool and heat one of the main bulidings of the university, namely the Study and Information Centre.

scholarly journals Complex statistical data analysis of electric power consumption, consumption of energy resources and production volumes

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
А. Voloshko ◽  
Ya. Bederak ◽  
T. Dzheria
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Electric Power Consumption ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Complex Statistical Analysis

Aims of this research are development of a complex statistical analysis algorithm for active electric power consumption data, consumption of energy resources and manufacturing products, implementation of statistical analysis in practice. Proposed parameters and criteria, which can help to technical staff in factories, to provide optimal and economical operating of supply and distribution systems as electricity, water, gas, heat, compressed air, etc. for production facilities, based on the collected active electric power consumption data for previous periods, information about consumption dynamic. It is concluded that the statistical analysis of the data, obtained for each type of engineering equipments (water supply and sewage, supply systems of compressed air, gas, electricity and steam) and various consumables coefficients (in the proposed algorithm) make possible to identify "weak areas" and to determine the most rational ways to optimize energy usage.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Tracker Surya Sumbu Ganda Berbasis Raspberry Pi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
M Permadi Yosa Nugraha ◽  
Abdul Rakhman ◽  
Irma Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Important Means

Solar energy is now a very important means of renewable energy resources. With sun tracking, it is more effective to produce more energy because solar panels can maintain a profile perpendicular to sunlight. Although the initial cost of setting up a tracking system is quite high, there are cheaper options that have been proposed from time to time. Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used to detect sunlight. The solar panel is positioned where it can receive maximum light. Compared to other motors, servo motors are able to maintain torque at high speed. The tracker is in the form of a double or single axis. Dual trackers are more efficient because they track sunlight from both axes. This project is designed for low power and portable applications. Therefore, it is suitable for use in rural areas. In addition, the effectiveness of the output power collected by sunlight increases.

scholarly journals Investigation of 1-Hexanol Diesel Blends on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2062 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
Mohd.Mohsin Khan ◽  
Harveer Singh Pali
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
Blend Ratios

Abstract The most potential long-term and renewable substitute of mineral diesel are biofuels. The growth and degradation of energy resources have an enormous influence on the long-term viability of the human community. Alcohols are gaining prominence in the current renewable energy scenario due to their ease of manufacturing and fuel characteristics. In this investigation, hexanol-diesel blend ratios (up to 20% v/v) is taken into account for this investigation in a single cylinder, water cooled, unmodified 4-stroke DI diesel engine. The increase in 1-hexanol volume content correlates to an improvement in combustion thereby promoting brake thermal efficiency. The greater concentration of oxygen in 1-hexanol reduces emission viz. HC and CO and increases value of NOx. Current investigation recommends a feasible option to substitute ULSD for the capabilities of 1-hexanol.

Effect of Power Characteristics on Solar Panels: Hands-On Projects for Clean Energy Systems Class

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birce Dikici ◽  
Javier Jalandoni
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Generation

In this paper, experiments that can be introduced to Clean Energy Systems classes are described. The experiments investigate the effect of power characteristics (temperature, shade and tilt angle) on solar panel electricity production. Solar cell efficiency is the ratio of the electrical output of a solar cell to the incident energy in the form of sunlight. The energy conversion efficiency of a solar cell is the percentage of the solar energy to which the cell is exposed that is converted into electrical energy. Extreme temperatures can cause a decrease in solar panel’s power output and airstream can dissipate the heat and bring the solar panel to its normal operating condition. Solar panel efficiency is undesirably affected by heat and improved with introducing cooler medium. As well as heat, solar panel loses its power when a part of it is shaded by trees or surrounding buildings. Before solar panel systems are designed for homes, usually a detailed shading analysis of the roof is conducted to reveal its patterns of shade and sunlight throughout the year. By the same manner, how solar panels react to the direct and indirect rays from the sun in order to produce electricity is examined through experiments. Voltage, current and power flowing into a resistor are measured when the angle of the solar panel relative to the light source is changed. The tilt angles to the electrical measurements are linked to the differences in electrical generation. Students can perform experimental procedures explained here and gain the conceptual understanding of the Solar Energy better. The investigations require student explanation of the question, method, display of data with the critical response from peers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatiotemporal Balancing between Wind and Solar Energy Resources in the Southern Iberian Peninsula

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Santos-Alamillos ◽  
D. Pozo-Vázquez ◽  
J. A. Ruiz-Arias ◽  
V. Lara-Fanego ◽  
J. Tovar-Pescador
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Lower Variability

AbstractElectricity from wind and, to a lesser extent, solar energy is intermittent and not controllable. Unlike conventional power generation, therefore, this electricity is not suitable to supply base-load electric power. In the future, with greater penetration of these renewable sources, intermittency and control problems will become critical. Here, the authors explore the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for analyzing spatiotemporal balancing between regional solar and wind energy resources. The CCA allows optimal distribution of wind farms and solar energy plants across a territory to minimize the variability of total energy input into the power supply system. The method was tested in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula, a region covering about 350 000 km2. The authors used daily-integrated wind and solar energy estimates in 2007 from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, at a spatial resolution of 9 km. Results showed valuable balancing patterns in the study region, but with a marked seasonality in strength, sign, and spatial coverage. The autumn season showed the most noteworthy results, with a balancing pattern extending almost over the entire study region. With location of reference wind farms and photovoltaic (PV) plants according to the balancing patterns, their combined power production shows substantially lower variability than production of the wind farms and PV plants separately and combined production obtained with any other locations. Atmospheric circulations associated with the balancing patterns were found to be significantly different between seasons. In this regard, synoptic-scale variability played an important role, but so did topographic conditions, especially near the Strait of Gibraltar.

scholarly journals A State-of-the-Art Review on the Drive of Renewables in Gujarat, State of India: Present Situation, Barriers and Future Initiatives

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajvikram Elavarasan ◽  
G. Shafiullah ◽  
Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Energy Share

Given the recent increasing public focus on climate change issues, the share of electricity generation by renewable energy resources is increasing day by day. Increased renewables share will give us robust, sustainable, and climate-friendly energy systems for the future. Renewable energy penetration with the current power systems needs substantial research, planning and development which are now the primary focus throughout the world. In this study, a global renewable energy scenario is explained in detail in contrast with India, considering a case study elucidating the comprehensive review of the Gujarat state in India. The primary focus is on Gujarat state’s actions plans to pertain to harvest renewable energy and maximizing its share in the energy mix. This study examines the actions and the policies adopted by the Gujarat government to overcome the potential barriers in order to support non-conventional as well as renewable energy development. It also investigates the numerous techno-economic and social constraints with possible solutions in promoting the deployment of upcoming renewable energy resources across Gujarat. This study can be used as a guideline for the government, policymakers, utilities, stakeholders and researchers to promote an increased renewable energy share in Gujarat as well as at other places around the globe.

scholarly journals Real and ideal European maritime transfers along the Atlantic coast during the Neolithic

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
Serge Cassen ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Rellán ◽  
Ramon Fábregas Valcarce ◽  
Valentin Grimaud ◽  
Yvan Pailler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Neolithic

The history of research on the Neolithic of the Atlantic façade shows how speculation about prehistoric mobility, especially across the sea, is mainly based on three types of archaeological evidence: megalithic monuments, rare stones, and pottery decoration. With the aim of approaching the issue from other perspectives, we have focused on the Morbihan area, a focal point of the European Neolithic during the mid-5th millennium BC. The analysis of this area has allowed us to grasp which objects, ideas and beliefs may have been desired, adopted and imitated at the time. We shall begin with an architectural concept, the standing stone. These were sometimes engraved with signs that can be directly compared between Brittany, Galicia (NW Spain) and Portugal, but for which there are no intermediate parallels in other areas of the French or Spanish coast. The unique accumulation and transformation of polished blades made of Alpine rocks and found inside tombs or in other sort of depositions in the Carnac region allowed us to establish a second link with Galicia and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, where certain types of the axes were imitated using a set of different rocks (sillimanite, amphibolite). Finally, the variscites and turquoises from different Spanish regions were used for the manufacture of beads and pendants at the Carnacean tombs, without it being possible – once again – to retrieve similar objects in the intermediate areas. The mastery ofdirect Atlantic sea routes is posed as an explanation for this geographical distribution. But, beyond the information drawn from specific artefacts – whose presence/absence should not be used in excess as an argument to endorse or underrate such movements across the ocean – we will return to a more poetic and universal phenomenon: the spell of the sea. Therefore, we will focus on the depictions of boats on the stelae of Morbihan to open such a debate.

scholarly journals Development of a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Wannarat Chuatrakool ◽  
Siva Achariyaviriya ◽  
Aree Achariyaviriya ◽  
James C. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Energy Mode ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Uniform Moisture

The objectives of this research are to design and construct a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities and to evaluate the performance of the dryer. The dryer consists of a boiler, drying chamber and solar panels. A compressed sponge was used as a drying product. The air temperature distribution and product moisture uniformity inside the drying chamber were measured. The apparatus was tested in three energy modes, solar energy mode, biomass energy mode and biomass/solar energy assisted mode. Drying using biomass/solar energy assisted mode gave a better drying performance compared to the other modes due to the uniform moisture content and air temperature. The average temperature difference between the top and bottom tray was less than 3°C. The average moisture content between the top and bottom tray was very close, less than 0.8% db. In addition, this drying mode can reduce product contamination from smoke ash and combustion.

scholarly journals INTERNETWORKING OF SOLAR ENERGY USING ARDUINO BASED TRACKING SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
Ms. Aparajita Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Solar Tracker

Since the dawn of civilization, human beings have been using different energy sources in order to fulfil their various requirements. Energy is one of the human civilization’s basic requirements for development. For example – electricity powers our household appliances like TV, air-conditioners, phones , washing machines etc. We also use energy to run vehicles like cars, buses and trains and it is used to run most industries and factories. Most of these energy sources are non-renewable in nature, and might get depleted soon, such as the Oil and coal. This creates a requirement for renewable energy resources which has cheap costs. Solar energy is considered as one of the main energy resources in warm countries. Also solar energy is a clean, easily accessible and abundantly available alternative energy source in nature and has been used traditionally since ages in the absence of energy sources. Hence we require a system which will be able to efficiently utilize solar energy such as solar panels but these have some drawbacks as they don’t rotate with the movement of the sun, hence the need arises for that of a solar tracker. KEYWORDS- IoT, Ldr, Servomotors, Solar Panel

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