Tuberculosis of Buccal Mucosa: Is it a Fading Entity?

ABSTRACT The recent spurt in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in developing as well as developed countries along with a global anti-tubercular drug resistance, calls for awareness for the diagnosis of TB in unusual form and at unusual sites. Extrapulmonary TB in head and neck may infect palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, tonsils, lips, tongue, maxilla and mandible. Tuberculous lesions of oral cavity have become so infrequent that it is virtually a forgotten disease and may pose a clinical diagnostic challenge. Therefore, all lesions in these areas should be investigated keeping a high level of suspicion for the diagnosis of TB. How to cite this article Srivastava A, Mohan C, Sharma S. Tuberculosis of Buccal Mucosa: Is it a Fading Entity? Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):27-29.

Download Full-text

Pseudovascular Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Diagnostic Pitfall About a Case

Clinical Medicine Insights Case Reports ◽

10.1177/11795476211060177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117954762110601

Author(s):

Sabrine Derqaoui ◽

Hafsa Elouazzani ◽

Ismail Boujida ◽

Zahra Sayad ◽

Fouad Zouaidia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Rare Variant ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Case Reports ◽

English Literature ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Challenge

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common mucosal malignancy of the head and neck. Adenoid pseudo-angiosarcomatous SCC is a rare variant occurring commonly in the skin of the head and neck. However, involvement of oral cavity is extremely rare, with only few case reports in the English literature. Morphologically, the tumor shows marked acantholysis, with anastomozing channels mimicking vascular neoplasms. This variant represents a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, and immunohistochemical analysis remains essential for an accurate diagnosis. Herein, we describe the case of a pseudovascular SCC of the oral cavity in a 67 years old man with a brief revue of the literature to raise awareness on this rare variant; presenting diagnostic difficulties.

Download Full-text

Lipoma of Oral Cavity – A Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (33) ◽

pp. 2851-2853

Author(s):

Deepali Prakash Mohite ◽

Prakash M. Mohite ◽

Snehal U. Udapure

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Buccal Mucosa ◽

Neck Region ◽

The Body ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Soft Tissue Tumours ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Connective tissue neoplasms or soft tissue tumours as they are popularly called are mesenchymal neoplasms that affect any part of the body. They occur frequently in all organs including the head and neck region and the oral cavity is no exception. The frequency of their occurrence contributes to 15 - 20 % of all head and neck neoplasms and neoplasms of oral cavity form 1 - 4 % of the reported lesions,1,2 representing 2.2 % of all lipomas.3 In a study by Moreno SE et al. in 2016 the most frequently affected sites were the buccal mucosa followed by the lips, tongue, palate, and other areas of the oral cavity.4Here we are documenting a case occurring in the buccal mucosa.

Download Full-text

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-2-167-172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽

V. V. Tachalov ◽

E. S. Loboda ◽

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

E. Yu. Nechai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Dental Health ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

The Many ◽

The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inﬂammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely aﬀect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200630124419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Anchal Trivedi ◽

Aparna Misra ◽

Esha Sarkar ◽

Anil K. Balapure

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽

Explant Culture ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Mda Content ◽

High Level ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Background: In recent years, great progress has been made in reducing the high level of malaria suffering worldwide. There is a great need to evaluate drug resistance reversers and consider new medicines against malaria. There are many approaches to the development of antimalarial drugs. Specific concerns must be taken in to account in these approaches, in particular there requirement for very in expensive and simple use of new therapies and the need to limit drug discovery expenses. Important ongoing efforts are the optimisation of treatment with available medications, including the use of combination therapy. The production of analogs of known agents and the identification of natural products, the use of compounds originally developed against other diseases, the assessment of overcoming drug resistance and the consideration of new therapeutic targets. Liver and spleen are the important organs which are directly associated with malarial complications. Aim: An analysis the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Objective: To determine in-Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Material and method: 1-Histological preparation of spleen explants for paraplast embedding 2-Biochemicalstudies (Enzymes (Atpase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA). Result: Splenomegalyis one of the three main diagnostic parameters of malaria infection besides fever and anaemia. Many enzymes present in the liver and spleen may also be altered or liberated under different pathological conditions. Enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to increase in the liver and spleen explants during malarial infection. In the liver and spleen derived from parasitized CQ treated animals, the activity of all the above enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein & MDA of liver/spleen reversed towards the normal for all the 4or3 days of incubations. Picroliv efficacy decreased with the increment of parasitaemia and at 60%parasitaemia. Conclusion: Alkalinephosphatase (ALP) was found to increase with increasing parasitaemia. After the addition of Picroliv to the medium, a decrement in the activity was observed up to day 4 of culture.A similar positive effect of Picroliv was observed on the ATPase and ALP activity of spleen explants.DNA and protein contents also increased in the parasitized liver cultured in the presence of picroliv.On the contrary, in the spleen explants DNA, protein and MDA content were found to decrease after Picroliv supplementation to the culture medium.

Download Full-text

Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Saverio Capodiferro ◽

Luisa Limongelli ◽

Gianfranco Favia

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Systemic Diseases ◽

Special Issue ◽

Hard Tissues ◽

Current Special Issue

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.

Download Full-text

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable head and neck cancer: oral cavity carcinoma as a potential research model

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology ◽

10.1177/1758835920984061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 175883592098406

Author(s):

Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón ◽

Alexandra Cantero González ◽

Laura Gálvez Carvajal ◽

Yolanda Aguilar Lizarralde ◽

Antonio Rueda Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Research Model

Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (OCSCC) accounts for approximately 25% of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for both cancers. Surgical resection, combined with adjuvant radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy in patients with high risk of relapse, is the key element in management in the initial stages. However, despite the availability of aggressive multidisciplinary treatments, advanced resectable OCSCC carries poor prognosis; only half of the patients are disease-free 5 years after the surgery. Immunotherapy based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been proven to be effective in a wide variety of tumours, including recurrent and metastatic HNSCC. These positive results resulted in investigations into its effectiveness in earlier stages of the disease with OCSCC emerging as an interesting research model because of the accessible location of the tumours. This article reviews the potential advantages of emerging immunotherapeutic agents [mainly monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1 ( PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors] as neoadjuvant treatment for OCSCC at locoregional stages as well as the ongoing clinical trials, challenges in evaluating tumour response, and possible predictive biomarkers of response with highlights regarding the role of oral microbiota as modulators of immune response. The efficacy and safety of anti- PD-1 drugs in these patients have been proven in preliminary trials. If there is a decrease in the relapse rate and an improvement in the overall survival after surgical resection in ongoing trials, preoperative immunotherapy may be established as a treatment option for patients with early stages of the disease.

Download Full-text

Microevolution within ST11 group Clostridioides difficile isolates through mobile genetic elements based on complete genome sequencing

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6184-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Wu ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Wen-Ge Li ◽

Wen Zhu Zhang ◽

Zheng Jie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Hospitalized Elderly ◽

Great Heterogeneity ◽

High Level

Abstract Background Clade 5 Clostridioides difficile diverges significantly from the other clades and is therefore, attracting increasing attention due its great heterogeneity. In this study, we used third-generation sequencing techniques to sequence the complete whole genomes of three ST11 C. difficile isolates, RT078 and another two new ribotypes (RTs), obtained from three independent hospitalized elderly patients undergoing antibiotics treatment. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), antibiotic-resistance, drug resistance genes, and virulent-related genes were analyzed and compared within these three isolates. Results Isolates 10,010 and 12,038 carried a distinct deletion in tcdA compared with isolate 21,062. Furthermore, all three isolates had identical deletions and point-mutations in tcdC, which was once thought to be a unique characteristic of RT078. Isolate 21,062 (RT078) had a unique plasmid, different numbers of transposons and genetic organization, and harboring special CRISPR spacers. All three isolates retained high-level sensitivity to 11 drugs and isolate 21,062 (RT078) carried distinct drug-resistance genes and loss of numerous flagellum-related genes. Conclusions We concluded that capillary electrophoresis based PCR-ribotyping is important for confirming RT078. Furthermore, RT078 isolates displayed specific MGEs, indicating an independent evolutionary process. In the further study, we could testify these findings with more RT078 isolates of divergent origins.

Download Full-text

Nutrition and cancer – global and African perspectives: a focused update

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665114001761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 437-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin J Wiseman

Keyword(s):

Physical Inactivity ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Great Majority ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Lower Income ◽

The World ◽

Nutritional Transition ◽

High Level ◽

Lower Income Countries

The burden of cancer worldwide is predicted to almost double by 2030 to nearly 23 million cases annually. The great majority of this increase is expected to occur in less economically developed countries, where access to expensive medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions is likely to be limited to a small proportion of the population. This emphasises the need for preventive measures, as outlined in the declaration from the United Nations 2011 High Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases. The rise in incidence is proposed to follow from increasing numbers of people reaching middle and older ages, together with increasing urbanisation of the population with a nutritional transition from traditional diets to a more globalised ‘Western’ pattern, with a decrease in physical activity. This is also expected to effect a change in the pattern of cancers from a predominantly smoking and infection dominated one, to a smoking and obesity dominated one. The World Cancer Research Fund estimates that about a quarter to a third of the commonest cancers are attributable to excess body weight, physical inactivity and poor diet, making this the most common cause of cancers after smoking. These cancers are potentially preventable, but knowledge of the causes of cancer has not led to effective policies to prevent the export of a ‘Western’ pattern of cancers in lower income countries such as many in Africa.

Download Full-text