Effect of Accelerated Cooling on Linepipe Steel Mill Scale and Resulting Localized Corrosion Susceptibility

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3936 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Filice ◽  
Joe McDermid ◽  
Joey Kish
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility ◽  
Linepipe Steel

The structure and composition of mill scale on linepipe steel formed with and without accelerated cooling conditions (ACC) was investigated and correlated to localized corrosion susceptibility. The mill scale structure/composition was investigated using scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron back scatter diffraction, as well as X-ray diffraction. Localized dissolution of the mill scale was investigated using electrochemical techniques including open circuit potential measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise measurements in a corrosive phase solution. The various surface analytical and electrochemical techniques indicated that the mill scale formed without ACC consists of a relatively crack-free, thick inner wüstite layer with a thinner magnetite outer layer. However, the mill scale formed with ACC comprised a magnetite layer containing islands of retained wüstite, with some evidence of magnetite/iron eutectoid formation and which exhibited a relatively high density of through-scale cracks. These cracks can provide direct paths that connect the corrosive solution to the steel substrate, leading to more rapid breakdown of the mill scale. Additionally, the cracks can form a crevice between the mill scale and the steel surface, providing sites for pit initiation and growth. Coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch thermal stress calculations indicate that a magnetite-based scale is more susceptible to cracking/spalling than a wüstite-based scale, resulting in the ACC plate being more susceptible to localized corrosion.

Facile caffeine electrochemical detection via electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles with modifier polymers on carbon paste sensor at aqueous and micellar media

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shehata ◽  
S.M. Azab ◽  
A.M. Fekry
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
Micellar Media ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
X Ray

The analysis and detection of caffeine (Caf) is very useful due to its widespread usage in several daily consumed beverages, food products, and pharmacological preparations with various physiological effects. The preparation of a newly electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles – cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) – chitosan (Chit) modified carbon paste (ACCMCP) sensor for sensitive determination of Caf in 0.01 mol L−1 H3PO4 solution (pH 1.0–5.0) both in aqueous and micellar media (0.5 mmol L−1 SDS) was achieved. The interaction of Caf was monitored using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry, and surface characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray techniques. The linear detection range of Caf was between 4 and 500 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.955) and the limit of detection obtained from the calibration plot was 0.252 μmol L−1. The sensor was applicable for detecting Caf in numerous real samples with recoveries from 98.03% to 101.60% without interference of any accompanying species, which ensures high method selectivity.

scholarly journals Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in HCl and H2SO4 Solution - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
R. T. Vashi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Chemical Attack

Corrosion is the deterioration of metal by chemical attack or reaction with its environment. It is a constant and continuous problem, often difficult to eliminate completely. Prevention would be more practical and achievable than complete elimination. Recently, a huge interested for the use of naturally occurring inhibitors extracted from plants have been emerged. Most of the natural products are non-toxic, biodegradable and readily available due to environmental concerns. The inhibitor is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the metal and forms a protective thin film with inhibitor effect or by combination between inhibitor ions and metallic surface. Corrosion of copper and its inhibition was analyzed by weight loss (Gravimetric), effect of temperature and time of immersion methods. Electrochemical methods such as, Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) were employed. The protective films formed on metal surface have been analyzed by various techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible spectra, X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results obtained from weight loss and electrochemical techniques were in good agreement. In this review paper, research works produced over the past background on the corrosion of copper in various medium and their corrosion inhibition by using a various green inhibitors were presented.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la degradación de superficies de fluorapatita mediante técnicas electroquímicas. (Degradation Assessment of Fluorapatite Surfaces using Electrochemical Techniques)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Reyes Jaimes ◽  
H. A. González Romero ◽  
A. Sandoval Amadora ◽  
D. Y. Peña Ballesteros ◽  
H. A. Estupiñán Durán
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cathodic Electrodeposition ◽  
High Concentrations

ResumenSe evaluó el efecto del pH de fluido corporal simulado en la formación de apatitas y en la degradación de superficies de la aleación Ti6Al4V recubiertas con Fosfato de Calcio mediante la técnica de lectrodeposición catódica. Como variables de estudio se tomaron el pH del fluido corporal simulado y el tiempo de inmersión de los recubrimientos. Mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido, espectroscopia de energía dispersiva, difracción de rayos X y absorción atómica se pudo corroborar la formación de apatitas, y la degradación de los recubrimientos se evaluó mediante Espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y curvas de polarización potenciodinámicas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los recubrimientos tenían altas concentraciones de Fluorapatita (Ca5(PO4)3F) y que su formación se ve favorecida a medida que el pH del fluido corporal simulado y el tiempo de inmersión aumenta. Por otra parte, se obtuvo que las muestras evaluadas a pH de 7,2 son menos estables termodinámicamente, sin embargo, las evaluadas a 7,6 presentan una superficie más activa, por lo que se obtiene una mayor velocidad de degradación. AbstractThe pH eect of a Simulated Body Fluid in the apatite formation and the degradation of the Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces, coated by calcium phosphate obtained through cathodic electrodeposition was evaluated. The simulated body fluid pH and the coating immersion time were taken as variables. The formation of apatite was corroborated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, X Ray Diraction and Atomic Absorption Techniques. The coating degradation was assessed by the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and the Potential Dynamic Polarization Curves. The results have shown that the coatings had high concentrations of fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) and its formation was favored as the simulated body fluid pH and the immersion time increases. Moreover, it was found that the coatings samples evaluated at pH 7.2 were less thermodynamically steady, however, the evaluated coating at pH 7.6 exhibited a more active surface, so that a higher rate of degradation is obtained.

Evaluation of Polymeric Coatings in CO2 Containing Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Rayane Z.C. Demoner ◽  
Alexandre R.P. Castro ◽  
Adriana L. Barros ◽  
J.P. Quintela ◽  
Jefferson R. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method

Two types of polymeric coating were applied on an AISI 1020 steel, where one of them was reinforced by carbon nanotubes, with the objective of protection against corrosion in a medium containing saline solution, NaCl 3% wt satured with CO2, at 75 bar and tested at 50oC and 75oC for 360 hours. Electrochemical techniques, such as Linear Polarization Resistance, (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel curves and weight loss method, were used for coating evaluation performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine both the morphology and chemical composition of the layer formed on the analyzed surfaces. The coating adhesion to metallic surface was evaluated using pull-off test according to ASTM D4541-09. For the studied conditions, the results obtained showed that there was no adequate coating protection, occurring failures and indicating that both coatings may not be used in the tested conditions.

Study of Corrosion Damage Under Protective Coatings

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khobaib ◽  
Jochen Hoffmann ◽  
Shamachary Sathish ◽  
Michael S. Donley
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Activity ◽  
Military Aircraft

Abstract Polymer coatings provide an excellent corrosion barrier for Al-skinned military aircraft. However, the degradation and damage of the coatings in their service life over time leads to the initiation of corrosion damage at the substrate level. Early detection and negation of such activity can provide extensive cost savings. Several Electrochemical techniques and Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) show promise in detecting the onset of corrosion under such coatings. Current accelerated testing of aircraft coating systems for corrosion protection relies heavily on salt spray methods. Electrochemical techniques such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical Noise Methods (ENM) provide insight into the global properties of a coating system, and both techniques are being used on a limited basis. However, there is a need to investigate corrosion events with greater spatial resolution under coatings at the metal/coating interface. Such corrosion activity may be related to coating defects and variations in the surface chemistry of the underlying metal. The Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) has been developed to allow the investigation of localized corrosion activity with high spatial resolution. Such activity may be associated with coating defects or galvanic coupled regions of the metal surface. Electrochemical and NDE techniques were used to investigate the early stage of corrosion activity under protective coatings. Coatings in this investigation ranged from a simple epoxy amine to commercially used military aircraft polyurethane coatings. SVET testing of panels with intact high-resistance barrier coatings could not reveal corrosion damage under normal testing conditions because of little or no corrosion activity within the limited exposure time. Chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical means of accelerating the corrosion damage were utilized to obtain results in a reasonable time frame. Corrosion initiation and its progress under the coating were studied in detail and the results are discussed here. Complimentary high-resolution NDE techniques, such as Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) and Fan Thermography measurements were used to identify the corrosion sites. The overall objective of this investigation is to establish a correlation between the electrochemical and NDE techniques.

Effect of Doping of Nanoparticles on the Properties of Zn-Ni Composite Coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Nadjette Belhamra ◽  
Abd Raouf Boulebtina ◽  
Khadidja Belassadi ◽  
Abdelouahed Chala ◽  
Malika Diafi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles contents on structural proporties, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni alloy coationg. Zn-Ni, Zn-Ni-Al2O3 and Zn-Ni-TiO2 composite coatings were electrodeposited on steel substrate by direct current in sulphate bath.The structure of the coatings was studied by X-ray diffration and by scaning electron miroscopy. The results showed the appearance of Ni5Zn21 phases and that the incrorporation of Al2O3 and TiO2 in the Zn-Ni coating refined the crystal grain size.The corrosion performance of coating in the 0.6M NaCl as a corrisive solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS methods. It was found that the incorporation of nanoparticules in Zn-Ni alloy coating have better corrosion resistance and the values of Rct and Zw increase, while the values of Cdl decrease with increasing of nanoparticules.

scholarly journals Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of SiCp/ 2009 Al by Cerium and Lanthanum Conversion Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Unreinforced Alloy ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Polarization Studies

The present study investigates the effect of lanthanide chlorides conversion coatings on the corrosion response of the 2009 Al alloy and SiCp reinforced 2009 Al MMCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the localized corrosion resistance increased after treatments with solutions having various combinations of CeCl3.7H2O and LaCl3.7H2O, with maximum increase noticed for 5000ppm CeCl3.7H2O. It was found that the protection degree effect obtained under similar coating conditions for 25 vol.% SiCp/2009 Al was relatively higher than 15vol.% SiCp/ 2009 Al MMC, but both of them were less than that of the unreinforced alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) accompanied with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed the deposition of Ce and/ or La oxides/ hydroxides on cathodic intermetallics/ SiCp and the existence of crevices at the SiCp/ matrix interfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that Ce was incorporated as Ce3+ and Ce4+ species in the coatings.

scholarly journals Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of High Strength Low Alloy Steel in 2.0 M Sulfuric Acid Solutions by 3-Amino-1,2,3-triazole as a Corrosion Inhibitor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Sherif ◽  
Adel Taha Abbas ◽  
D. Gopi ◽  
A. M. El-Shamy
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

The corrosion and corrosion inhibition of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel after 10 min and 60 min immersion in 2.0 M H2SO4solution by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA) were reported. Several electrochemical techniques along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) were employed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the increase of immersion time from 10 min to 60 min significantly decreased both the solution and polarization resistance for the steel in the sulfuric acid solution. The increase of immersion time increased the anodic, cathodic, and corrosion currents, while it decreased the polarization resistance as indicated by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The addition of 1.0 mM ATA remarkably decreased the corrosion of the steel and this effect was found to increase with increasing its concentration to 5.0 mM. SEM and EDS investigations confirmed that the inhibition of the HSLA steel in the 2.0 M H2SO4solutions is achieved via the adsorption of the ATA molecules onto the steel protecting its surface from being dissolved easily.

Hydrothermal Surface Treatments with Cerium and Glycol Molecules on the AA 2024-T3 Clad Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Izaltino Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Isolda Costa ◽  
Célia Regina Tomachuk
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aa 2024 ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Treatments

New treatments for replacement of chromate require lower toxicity and corrosion protection. This study aims to investigate the influence of the combination of a Ce conversion coating (CCCe) with glycol molecules on the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 clad (AA1230). The corrosion resistance of surface treated and untreated samples was evaluated by electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization tests and open circuit potential). These tests were complemented by salt spray tests to accelerate the corrosive effects of weathering. The surfaces were analyzed after corrosion tests by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive detector (SEM - EDX). The results of the CCCe samples in combination with glycol were compared with that of the surface with chromate layer and the results showed that the CCCe treatment is a candidate for replacement of chromating with the advantage that it does not generate toxic residues. The self-healing capacity of the new treatment tested was indicated by the increased formation of corrosion products deposition on top of Fe rich intermetallis in the AA1230 clad with time of exposure to the electrolyte.

scholarly journals Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Iron-Based Alloys

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vernickaite ◽  
Z. Z. Antar ◽  
A. Nicolenco ◽  
R. Kreivaitis ◽  
N. Tsyntsaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion is responsible for industrial maintenance and industrial accidents costs. A helpful way to prevent corrosion is to develop advanced materials with highly anti-corrosive properties. The electrodeposition is one of the most attractive methods for obtaining these materials. This work deals with evaluation of the tribological and corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited Fe-W and Fe-W-P alloys. Electrodeposits were obtained from 4 different baths and were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy; X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The hardness was determined by Micro-indentation carried out at normal forces varying from 98 mN up to 980 mN with a loading rate of 1961 mN/min. A ball-disc tribometer was used to study the tribological properties at 90 °C. A diamond indenter, having a radius of 100 µm, was used to carry the scratch test. Corrosion behaviour was studied using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. It was investigated that in all cases Fe-W and Fe-W-P alloy coatings exhibit greater micro-hardness than the stainless steel substrate. The amorphous-like ternary Fe-W-P alloy coatings demonstrate higher wear and corrosion resistance and lower friction coefficient compared to binary Fe-W alloy coating.

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