scholarly journals Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balanced Budget ◽  
Trend Growth

The economy has performed well over the past three years but has slowed in 2019. There are some vulnerabilities in household finances, and productivity growth remains weak, with trend growth also constrained by adverse demographics. A new coalition government targets greater social support and inclusion, higher employment, carbon neutrality by 2035, and a balanced budget by 2023.

Did NHS productivity increase under the Coalition government?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bojke ◽  
Adriana Castelli ◽  
Katja Grašič ◽  
Daniel Howdon ◽  
Andrew Street
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
System Service ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Process Productivity

This chapter introduces the political focus on the productivity of the NHS. Productivity is a conceptually simple construct, relating the amount of output produced to the amount of inputs used in the production process. Productivity growth can also be calculated by comparing the change in outputs produced to the change in inputs utilised from one period to the next. Political interest is focused primarily on productivity growth. However, assessing productivity or efficiency is somewhat problematic in the context of a free-at-the-point-of-use health system service such as the NHS. The authors discuss some of the issues they face in attempting such an evaluation. With these issues in mind, the authors describe the growth in outputs, inputs and productivity between 2004/05 and 2013/14. The chapter concludes by discussing whether or not the key political measures highlighted in the first section appear to have had an influence on NHS productivity growth.

scholarly journals Changing Household Financial Opportunities and Economic Security

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Dynan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Household Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Volatility

Households have experienced an expansion of financial opportunities over the past several decades. Expanded financial opportunities, such as the democratization of credit and new lending approaches, can yield benefits in terms of household economic security. However, the financial crisis that began in 2007 has powerfully illustrated that expanded financial opportunities can also pose dangers for households. By increasing the scope for investment in risky assets, people may end up with larger swings in wealth than they had anticipated. Households may borrow too much and then face obligations that are unsustainable given their resources. To explore these issues, I examine household data on wealth, assets, and liabilities going back 25 years and, in some cases, 45 years. I argue that changes in household finances in the decades leading up to the mid-1990s—including the gradual rise in indebtedness—likely increased household well-being, on balance, and contributed to a decline in aggregate economic volatility. However, changes in finances since the mid-1990s—in particular, a much sharper rate of increase in household debt—appear to have been destabilizing for many individual households and ultimately for the economy as a whole. I consider how the lessons learned in the current crisis might change household financial opportunities and choices going forward.

The Association between Internet Addiction and Psychosocial Variables

2015 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadir Bozoglan ◽  
Veysel Demirer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of

The past decade has seen plenty of studies focusing on Internet use and Internet addiction. This is because the Internet provides information about variety of topics all over world and is easily accessed. Arguments concerning the association between excessive use and Internet addiction are ongoing. There is not yet a clear, consensus definition of Internet addiction. In this chapter, we discuss previous research and implications for future studies regarding Internet addiction and its most studied psychosocial variables: depression, loneliness, social anxiety, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and social support.

The past and future of human rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-224
Author(s):  
Gráinne de Búrca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Rights Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Rights Advocacy ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns

This chapter reflects on the lessons to be derived from the advocacy campaigns in Pakistan, Argentina, and Ireland discussed in earlier chapters. Insights drawn from those campaigns are used to refine the experimentalist account of human rights advanced in Chapter 2, particularly as regards the importance of social movements and of building broad social support for human rights campaigns. The remainder of the chapter describes five major challenges of the current era—illiberalism, climate change, digitalization, pandemics, and inequality—and considers the difficulties they pose for the experimentalist account of human rights advocacy. It argues that the experimentalist practice of human rights advocacy is reasonably resilient and adaptive, and that internal contestation from within the human rights movement as well as external critiques have already helped to catalyze reform and to push activists and advocates to think more innovatively about the changes needed to strengthen the ability of the movement to engage with these major challenges in the future. It concludes that in a turbulent era, rather than abandon human rights, we should redouble our efforts to bolster, renew, and reinvigorate a movement that has galvanized constituencies and communities around the globe to mobilize for a better world.

scholarly journals The contribution of work and non-work stressors to common mental disorders in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clark ◽  
C. Pike ◽  
S. McManus ◽  
J. Harris ◽  
P. Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past

BackgroundEvidence for an effect of work stressors on common mental disorders (CMD) has increased over the past decade. However, studies have not considered whether the effects of work stressors on CMD remain after taking co-occurring non-work stressors into account.MethodData were from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a national population survey of participants ⩾16 years living in private households in England. This paper analyses data from employed working age participants (N=3383: 1804 males; 1579 females). ICD-10 diagnoses for depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, panic or mixed anxiety and depression in the past week were derived using a structured diagnostic interview. Questionnaires assessed self-reported work stressors and non-work stressors.ResultsThe effects of work stressors on CMD were not explained by co-existing non-work stressors. We found independent effects of work and non-work stressors on CMD. Job stress, whether conceptualized as job strain or effort–reward imbalance, together with lower levels of social support at work, recent stressful life events, domestic violence, caring responsibilities, lower levels of non-work social support, debt and poor housing quality were all independently associated with CMD. Social support at home and debt did not influence the effect of work stressors on CMD.ConclusionsNon-work stressors do not appear to make people more susceptible to work stressors; both contribute to CMD. Tackling workplace stress is likely to benefit employee psychological health even if the employee's home life is stressful but interventions incorporating non-work stressors may also be effective.

Reconsidering ‘Ties’: The Sociotechnical Job Search Network

2020 ◽  
pp. 232948842096568
Author(s):  
Cameron W. Piercy ◽  
Sun Kyong (Sunny) Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Ego Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ease Of Access

This study explored how job seekers perceived human and technological sources in their sociotechnical ego-networks. United States residents ( N = 285) who had sought jobs in the past 2 years responded to questions about their perceptions of sources used during the job search (n = 1297). Participants rated each source they used across a variety of perceived attributes. We measured tie strength using an amalgam of frequency of interaction and closeness, and strong tie sources included humans contacted online and in-person as well as websites. In contrast, the weakest tie sources were direct online application, employment agencies, and career events. Results showed a newly developed perceived bridging scale, social support, ease of access, and homophily were all positively related to tie strength. Influence was negatively related to tie strength. Information quality was not related to tie strength. We discuss implications for network and job search research, theory, and practice.

Grand Coalition Government: The Case of Lebanon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Badran
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Grand Coalition ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Council Of Ministers

AbstractTo maintain political stability and to preserve the plurality and the diversity that characterise its societies, consociational democracies require, more than other states, a grand coalition government. In this type of democracy, the grand coalition is not a model that is used in exceptional cases, as in majoritarian democracies. It is a deliberate and permanent political choice. In Lebanon, following the modifications implemented by the 1989 Ṭā’if Accord, the Constitution instituted a collegial power-sharing within the executive that implies the establishment of a grand coalition which enables the political participation of the main Lebanese religious confessions in the government. On the other hand, the formation of the Lebanese Council of ministers since the spring of 2005 has become increasingly difficult and coalitions are often less stable than in the past. These laborious negotiations for unstable governmental coalitions are especially problematic in what may be called the perversion of the constitutional procedure by leaders of the parliamentary blocs.

scholarly journals Productivity Growth and Machinery Investment: A Long-Run Look, 1870–1980

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradford De Long
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
History Of Technology ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Proxy

Over the past century in six major economies, economic growth has been strongly associated with machinery investment, as is the case for a larger group of nations since 1950. Both macroeconomic patterns and narratives of the history of technology suggest that this association is causal—that a high rate of machinery investment appears to be a necessary prerequisite for rapid long-run growth—and points away from possibilities that rapid growth is the cause of high machinery investment or that a high rate of machinery investment is a good proxy for other factors that are important causes of growth.

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