scholarly journals Technological and Economic Decoupling in the Cyber Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (257) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia Macia ◽  
Rishi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Monopoly Rents ◽  
Global Supplier ◽  
Trade And Growth

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward digital services. Meanwhile, the race for technological and economic leadership has heated up, with risks of decoupling that could set back trade and growth and hinder the recovery from the worst global recession since the Great Depression. This paper studies the conditions under which a country may seek to erect barriers—banning imports or exports of cyber technologies—and in effect promote decoupling or deglobalization. A well-known result is that banning imports may be optimal in monopolistic sectors, such as the digital sector. The novel result of this paper is that banning exports can also be optimal, and in some cases superior, as it prevents technological diffusion to a challenger that may eventually become the global supplier, capturing monopoly rents and posing cybersecurity risks. However, export or import bans would come at a deleterious cost to the global economy. The paper concludes that fostering international cooperation, including in the cyber domain, could be key to avoiding technological and economic decoupling and securing better livelihoods.

scholarly journals Saving the SDGs? Strengthening partnership for achieving SDGs in the Post-Covid-19 Digital World

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Marina Larionova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Target Date ◽  
Funds Allocation

The 2020, intended to give a good start to the Decade of Action to achieve SDGs by the target date of 2030, became a year of unprecedented health, social and economic crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic plunged the world into the worst global recession since the Great Depression, reversed progress across the full range of the SDGs jeopardizing the Agenda 2030 implementation. To build back better it is vital to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and reflect on how to reenergize partnerships for saving the SDGs. This article aims to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and offer recommendations on international cooperation and partnerships for saving the SDGs. It article reviews estimates of the triple crisis toll on the goals implementation. It then looks at the key international institutions’ initiatives to support developing countries in their response to the pandemic and associated economic shocks. The article concludes by outlining priorities for strengthening international cooperation on sustainable development which include incorporation of key components of digitalization into the SDGs as concrete targets and indicators and a comprehensive G20-led debt relief initiative providing for the released funds allocation to poverty and inequality eradication, health and education - related SDGs.

scholarly journals Mutational hotspots and conserved domains of SARS-CoV-2 genome in African population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabode E. Omotoso ◽  
Ayoade D. Babalola ◽  
Amira Matareek
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
African Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conserved Domains ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Mutational Hotspots ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Complete Protein

Abstract Background Since outbreak in December 2019, the highly infectious and pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over a million deaths globally. With increasing burden, the novel coronavirus has posed a dire threat to public health, social interaction, and global economy. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are moderately evolving which might have contributed to its genome variability, transmission, replication efficiency, and virulence in different regions of the world. Results The present study elucidated the mutational landscape in the SARS-CoV-2 genome among the African populace, which may have contributed to the virulence, spread, and pathogenicity observed in the region. A total of 3045 SARS-CoV-2 complete protein sequences with the reference viral sequence (EPI_ISL_402124) were mined and analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, spike, ORF3, ORF8, and nucleocapsid proteins were observed as mutational hotspots in the African population and may be of keen interest in understanding the viral host relationship, while there is conservation in the ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF10, envelope, and membrane proteins. Conclusions The accumulation of moderate mutations (though slowly), in the SARS-CoV-2 genome as seen in this present study, could be a promising strategy to develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. These antiviral interventions should target viral conserved domains and host cellular proteins and/or receptors involved in viral invasion and replication to avoid a new viral wave due to drug resistance and vaccine evasion.

scholarly journals A Study On Financial Self-Efficacy During Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Sitangshu Khatua ◽  
◽  
Debdulal Dutta Roy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Financial Goal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Financial Self-efficacy is defined as a person’s observed capability to control his/her personal finances (Lapp, 2010; Postmus, 2011). It refers to one’s beliefs in the abilities to accomplish a financial goal or task. It is the “knowledge and ability to influence and control one’s financial matters” by Fox and Bartholomae (2008). Financial efficacy pattern of people during very critical moment is unknown. The world is experiencing one of the deepest recessions since the Great Depression in the 1930s owing to the novel coronavirus, World Bank President David Malpass has said, terming the COVID-19 pandemic a “catastrophic event” for many developing and the poorest countries. Aim of the study is to examine financial efficacy pattern of people during lockdown period for COVID-19. Data were collected through online mode using financial efficacy scale developed by authors for the study. Results of principal component analysis revealed that during lockdown, financial efficacy is more concerned with financial planning, planned payment and financial coping.

scholarly journals A Potential Novel COVID-19 Vaccine With RBD-HR1/HR2 Hexamer Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Guoyong Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Jiajie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Heptad Repeat ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Consequence ◽  
The World ◽  
Frequent Mutations

The COVID-19 pandemic and the continued spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 variants have brought a grave public health consequence and severely devastated the global economy with recessions. Vaccination is considered as one of the most promising and efficient methods to end the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate the disease conditions if infected. Although a few vaccines have been developed with an unprecedented speed, scientists around the world are continuing pursuing the best possible vaccines with innovations. Comparing to the expensive mRNA vaccines and attenuated/inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines have certain advantages, including their safety (non-virus components), potential stronger immunogenicity, broader protection, ease of scaling-up production, reduced cost, etc. In this study, we reported a novel COVID-19 vaccine generated with RBD-HR1/HR2 hexamer that was creatively fused with the RBD domain and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) or heptad repeat 2 (HR2) to form a dumbbell-shaped hexamer to target the spike S1 subunit. The novel hexamer COVID-19 vaccine induced high titers of neutralizing antibody in mouse studies (>100,000), and further experiments also showed that the vaccine also induced an alternative antibody to the HR1 region, which probably alleviated the drop of immunogenicity from the frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2.

Globalization should be what states make of it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Régis Le Moguédec
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
International System ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Financial Deregulation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

<p>A significant factor that prevented the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) from becoming as calamitous as the Great Depression of 1929, is the fact that states reacted swiftly to inject massive sums of public money to save the banks and the global financial system.  This massive state intervention highlighted the limits of the progressive deregulation of the international system which characterized the process of globalization. It showed that states had huge responsibilities in keeping the global economy afloat, albeit without a clear compass or direction. The apparent ‘anarchy’ of the global market system makes conceivable that, to paraphrase A. Wendt, “globalization should be what states make of it”.  Limiting the scope of study to the postmodern state, and looking at the discourse surrounding the globalization process that promotes de-regulation and limited government within a ‘neo-liberal paradigm’ it looks at the ‘democratic deficit’ which weakens the political decision-making process. If not yet a ‘paradigm shift’, the GFC has many ingredients of a crisis of capitalism which needs to re-invent itself, and political action is crucial to curb the excesses of finance. Looking at France, and the election of Francois Hollande on a strong ‘anti-finance’ platform in 2012 and its European Union dimension, it remains to be seen if that kind of shift will actually be able to operate and be successful to set the tone for global reforms.  In conclusion, the core argument is that the global ‘trial’ of the neoliberal paradigm and the concept of financial deregulation should now enter a new phase. It is historically and symbolically the defeat of the self-regulating markets as a blueprint for global prosperity. The present structures are inadequate, and states have to find new ways for cooperation in order to steer this integrated world towards greater cohesion.</p>

Embedding Liberalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Julian Germann
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Social Market

This chapter traces the long-term development of German capitalism from the vantage point of uneven and combined development. It argues that Germany’s postwar social market economy was built upon an externally oriented developmental model inherited from its belated insertion into the world market, and used to enroll capital and labor in a global export offensive. The underlying vision of Germany as the workshop of an advanced industrial and newly industrializing world coincided with the postwar plans of the United States for an open, multilateral global economy. And yet the chapter cautions that the prevailing image of Germany as a liberal “trading state” (Handelsstaat) that had traded power for wealth as its prime objective fails to capture the novel ways in which the German state, from the crisis of the 1970s onward, has come to exert its influence internationally to sustain this export-led social model.

A “Flying High, Landing Soft” Platform for Supplier Diversity

2016 ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Sho Chen ◽  
Nurhan Davutyan ◽  
İris Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Supplier Diversity ◽  
Corporate Diversity ◽  
Global Supplier

Diversity management has emerged as a unique agenda of today's corporations in the global economy. One important area of corporate diversity management is supplier diversity, which is an inclusive growth program designed to help develop under-represented businesses into competitive suppliers of corporations. A major challenge of supplier diversity is that many minority suppliers lack the capability to deliver products which the corporate buyers need. Another major challenge is that few minority suppliers have the ability to participate in the global markets opportunities. We address these two problems by proposing an innovative “Flying High, Landing Soft” platform for international education in supplier diversity to help multinationals manage their global supplier diversity.

Economic Slowdown and the Indian Corporate Sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Avinash Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
The Face ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Issues

In the face of the complexities created by the turbulence, volatility, and uncertainty in the global economy, the Indian corporate sector finds itself in a state of flux. Avinash Paranjape sees the impact of the global crisis on the Indian industry as a contagion effect, being in the form of a slowdown. From the study emerge four distinct patterns of the effect of the slowdown on Indian firms. While the firms exposed to foreign currency have become victims of volatility, those in the IT-related services faced export blues. The firms in the financial and real estate sectors experienced the burst bubble syndrome, whereas the acquirers faced multiple financial issues. Despite the prevalence of pockets of weakness, in general, the author finds the Indian banks, financial institutions, and the corporate sector as strong and less exposed to the vagaries of the global recession

The Global Recession of 2007–2009: The Moral Factor and Jewish Law

2010 ◽  
pp. 403-428
Author(s):  
Aaron Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Subprime Mortgage ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
Moral Factor ◽  
Home Mortgage

This article focuses on the recent global recession that raged the world and in particular the United States with special reference to Jewish law. In December 2007, the United States economy plunged into the longest and deepest downturn since the Great Depression. The driving force behind the recession was the widespread failure of the subprime mortgage market, the segment of the home mortgage market extending loans to households with impaired credit histories and with little or no documentation of income. The collapse of that sector occurred in a rapid succession of events beginning with the fall of Countrywide Financial in January 2008. This article further moves to explain the moral factor pervading the recession and analyses the situation as per Jewish law. The central relevant moral dictum of Jewish law is the Imitatio Dei principle, which says that, in our interpersonal conduct, we should emulate the various attributes of mercy.

The Global Recession: Its Impact in Asia and the Pacific

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Short Time

The relationship between local economic development and the global economy is a dynamic process that differs in space and time and from country to country. Nowhere are these differences more evident than within the Asian and Pacific region—a region of contrasts. It is a region that contains nine of the so called ‘least developed’ countries and more than 50 per cent of the world's poor. It hosts Japan, which emerged as a major economic power in the 1960s and 1970s, to be followed a short time later by the ‘tiger’ economies of South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. More recently, the region's development has been dominated by the emerging global powers of China, India and Brazil. The contrasting characteristics and performance of these nations becomes even more graphic when the focus centres on the metropolitan cities of the region, including Mumbai, Shanghai, Apia, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Santiago and Auckland (Shirley, 2008).

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