scholarly journals Serum S100A8 as an early diagnostic biomarker in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Fang ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jun Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Scores

IntroductionLimited studies have suggested that calprotectin may take part in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Nevertheless, there is no clinical study analysing the role of S100A8 in CAP patients. The objective of this study was to analyse the association of serum S100A8 with the severity of CAP and determine the cut-off values of S100A8 for predictive power based on a cross-sectional study.Material and methodsA total of 200 CAP patients and 100 normal subjects were recruited. Demographic data, clinical information, and serum were collected on admission. S100A8 and inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA and RT-PCR. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 19.0.ResultsSerum S100A8 was increased in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A8 was gradually increased in parallel with CAP severity scores. Serum S100A8 was positively correlated with CAP severity scores, blood routine parameters, and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistical regression revealed that there were positive associations between serum S100A8 with CRB-65, PSI, and CURXO. Moreover, the predictive capacity of serum S100A8 was determined by ROC curve analysis. The area under the curves of S100A8 for CAP and CAP severity were 0.855 and 0.893, respectively. Mechanistic analysis found that S100A8 knockdown alleviated streptococcus pneumoniae-evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells.ConclusionsSerum S100A8 on admission was positively associated with the severity of CAP. S100A8 knockdown alleviates streptococcus pneumoniae-evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells, indicating that S100A8 may exert a significant effect on the pathophysiology of CAP and could be an early serum diagnostic biomarker for CAP.

scholarly journals Serum S100A8 as an early diagnostic biomarker in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Jun Fei ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Chun-Mei Feng ◽  
Se-Ruo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract Background and Objectives Limited studies suggested that calprotectin may take part in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Nevertheless, there is no clinical study to analyze the role of S100A8 in CAP patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of serum S100A8 with the severity of CAP based on a cross-sectional study. Methods Entire 200 CAP patients and 100 normal subjects were recruited. Demographic data, clinical information and serum were collected on admission. Serum S100A8 and inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results Serum S100A8 was increased in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A8 was gradually increased in parallel with the CAP severity scores. Serum S100A8 was positively correlated with CAP severity scores (CURB-65, CRB-65, PSI, CURXO and SMART-COP), blood routine parameters (WBC, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and CRP). Furtherly, univariate and multivariate logistical regression analysis revealed that there was a positive association between serum S100A8 with CRB-65, PSI and CURXO. Moreover, the predictive capacity of serum S100A8 was performed by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis. The AUCs of S100A8 for CAP and CAP severity were 0.855 and 0.893, respectively. Mechanistic analysis found that S100A8 knockdown alleviated streptococcus pneumoniae-evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells. Conclusion Serum S100A8 on admission was positively associated with the severity of CAP. S100A8 knockdown alleviates streptococcus pneumoniae- evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells, indicating that S100A8 may exert an important role in the pathophysiology of CAP and be an early serum diagnostic biomarker for CAP.

Clinical and epidemiological features of community-acquired pneumonia during an epidemic of respiratory viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
N. I. Izmozherova ◽  
A. A. Popov ◽  
E. R. Prokopeva ◽  
A. A. Kuryndina ◽  
E. I. Gavrilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Working Age

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common lower respiratory tract diseases. An increase in the CAP incidence has been reported to be associated with epidemics of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI).Aim. Аssess clinical and epidemiological features of CAP in patients admitted to hospital during an ARVI epidemic.Methods. A cross-sectional study included 208 patient records. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging data were analyzed. CAP severity was assessed by CRB-65 scale and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria.Results. Most CAP patients (75%) were of active working age; all presented signs of ARVI upon admission. Nasal mucosa diagnostic smears have revealed type A influenza viruses: H1N1 – 5 (83.3%) and H3N2 – 1 (16.7%) cases. 195 (93.8%) patients were not vaccinated against influenza. X-rays showed that unilateral (81.7%) and lobular pneumonia (55.8%) were the most common CAP types. 93.2% patients had nonsevere CAP, according to CRB-65. But 88 (42.3%) subjects qualified for SIRS upon admission. Concomitant conditions as risk factors of an adverse course of CAP were present in 89 patients (42.8%). Sputum analysis, if available, most frequently identified Streptococcus pneumoniae (23 cases or 38.9%) as a causative agent. Antibacterial drugs (ABD) used to treat CAP were ceftriaxone 206 (99%), macrolides 188 (90.4%), and fluoroquinolones 94 (45.2%). The initial antibacterial treatment regimens were: 186 (89.4%) prescriptions of ceftriaxone + macrolides, 16 (7.7%) prescriptions of ceftriaxone alone, and 6 (2.9%) prescriptions of levofloxacin. A switch between ABDs was reported in 78 (37.5%) cases, including 61 switches to fluoroquinolones. The median ABD administration duration was 10 (8 – 13) days.Conclusion. Most of the hospitalized CAP patients were of working age and not vaccinated against influenza. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causative agent. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) smear analysis was performed only in 6 patients with ARVI, which does not allow us to assess the role of viruses and viral-bacterial associations in the etiology of CAP. In spite of non-severe CAP, all hospitalizations were justified, due to multiple risk factors of unfavorable prognosis of CAP and epidemiological factors. Most patients received a combination of generation 3 cephalosporins and macrolides as the initial therapy for CAP.

scholarly journals Assessment of current laboratory diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Е. A. Koshkarina ◽  
O. V. Kovalishena ◽  
N. V. Saperkin ◽  
V. V. Krasnov ◽  
Р. G. Zubarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Microbial Associations

Aim. To investigate the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised children and to evaluate the accuracy of the methods for its laboratory confirmation. Materials and Methods. We performed descriptive and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Results of the rapid immunochromatographic assay (ICT) were compared with those obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. DNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 65.5% and 13.8% of the patients. Microbial associations were observed in 13.7% of patients (Mycoplasma pneumoniae + Streptococcus pneumoniae, 10.3%; Streptococcus pneumoniae + Haemophilus influenzae, 3.4%). Chlamydophila pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 were not detected. The cause of community-acquired pneumonia was not identified in 6.9% of the cases. A diagnostic accuracy of ICT was 27.58% and its sensitivity was relatively small (9.09%; 95% CI 1; 29), compared with a relatively high specificity (85.7%; 95% CI 42; 100). Conclusions. Rapid ICT assay must be accompanied by the PCR or other diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in children.

scholarly journals The associations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yan Liu ◽  
Hui-Xian Xiang ◽  
Ying Xiang ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Chun-Mei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Blood Routine

Abstract Background Previous studies found that S100A9 may involve in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the role of S100A9 was unclear in the CAP. The goal was to explore the correlations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis of CAP patients based on a prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 220 CAP patients and 110 control subjects were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum S100A9 and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Results Serum S100A9 was elevated in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A9 was gradually elevated parallelly with CAP severity scores. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were increased and blood routine parameters were changed in CAP patients compared with control subjects. Correlation analysis found that serum S100A9 was positively associated with CAP severity scores, blood routine parameters (WBC, NLR and MON) and inflammatory cytokines. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there were positive associations between serum S100A9 and CAP severity scores. Besides, the prognosis of CAP was tracked. Serum higher S100A9 on the early stage elevated the death of risk and hospital stay among CAP patients. Conclusion Serum S100A9 is positively correlated with the severity of CAP. On admission, serum higher S100A9 elevates the risk of death and hospital stay in CAP patients, suggesting that S100A9 may exert a certain role in the pathophysiology of CAP and regard as a serum diagnostic and managing biomarker for CAP.

scholarly journals Serum 8-iso-PGF2α Predicts the Severity and Prognosis in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Jun Fei ◽  
Chun-Mei Feng ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Severity Scores

Background: Many studies have identified the important role of 8-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α) in pulmonary diseases. However, the role of 8-iso-PGF2α in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. Therefore, the main goal was to investigate the correlations of serum 8-iso-PGF2α with the severity and prognosis in CAP patients through a hospital-based retrospective cohort study.Methods: All 220 patients with CAP were enrolled. Demographic information and clinical data were collected. Levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and inflammatory cytokines were detected in serum using ELISA.Results: The levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were gradually increased in parallel with the CAP severity scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a positive association between serum 8-iso-PGF2α and the CAP severity scores. Additionally, serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels were positively correlated with circulating inflammatory cytokines (CRP and TNFα). Serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels were increased in the patients with a longer hospital stay than those with a shorter hospital stay. Additionally, 20 patients died after hospitalization. Dead patients presented a higher serum 8-iso-PGF2α than surviving patients. A subsequent survival analysis revealed that higher serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels positively correlated with the risk of death in patients with CAP.Conclusions: Serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels on admission are positively associated with the severity of CAP patients. Elevated serum 8-iso-PGF2α on admission prolongs hospital stay and increases the risk of death in patients with CAP, indicating that 8-iso-PGF2α may be involved in the progression of CAP and serve as an early serum prognostic biomarker for CAP.

scholarly journals The Associations of Serum IL-37 With the Severity and Prognosis in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Le Wang ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Yue-Xin Chen ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Severity Scores

BackgroundRecent evidences suggested that IL-37 may participate in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Nevertheless, its exact biological role was unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the associations of serum IL-37 with the severity and prognosis in CAP patients based on a retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe whole of 120 healthy subjects and 240 CAP patients were summoned. Peripheral blood was collected and IL-37 was detected using ELISA.ResultsSerum IL-37 was obviously decreased in CAP patients on admission. In addition, serum IL-37 was gradually decreased in parallel with CAP severity scores. Correlative analysis revealed that serum IL-37 was negatively associated with CAP severity scores and inflammatory cytokines. Further logistical regression found that reduction of serum IL-37 augmented the severity of CAP patients. Moreover, the follow-up research was performed in CAP patients. Serum lower IL-37 on admission prolonged the hospital stay in CAP patients. Serum IL-37 combination with PSI and CURB-65 had a stronger predictive capacity for death than IL-37 and CAP severity score alone in CAP patients.ConclusionThere are remarkably negative correlations between serum IL-37 with the severity and prognosis in CAP patients. Serum IL-37 on admission prolongs the hospital stay, demonstrating that IL-37 may involve in the process of CAP. Serum IL-37 may be regarded as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis for CAP patients.

scholarly journals Capsule Independent Antimicrobial Activity Induced by Nanochitosan against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2924
Author(s):  
Fulwah Y. Alqahtani ◽  
Fadilah S. Aleanizy ◽  
Eram El Tahir ◽  
Hessa Alowais ◽  
Assalh Binkelaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and other diseases, contributing significantly to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it responds to antibiotics, their use is becoming limited due to the rise in antibiotic resistance, which necessitates the development of new therapeutics. Nanotechnology is used to counteract antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) made of natural, biodegradable, biocompatible, and cationic polymers such as Chitosan (CNPs) exhibit wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare CNPs, characterize their physiochemical characteristics: particle size (PZ), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP), and investigate their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 (virulent serotype 4) and its capsular mutant (∆cps). Methods: CNPs were prepared at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL concentrations using the ion gelation method. Then, PZ, PDI, and ZP were characterized using a Zetasizer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize the CNP’s morphology. Broth and agar dilution methods were used to assess their antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity of prepared NPs on A549 cells and their effect on pneumococcal hemolysis were also investigated. Results: Spherical CNPs were produced with PZ ranging from 133.3 nm ± 0.57 to 423 nm ± 12.93 PDI < 0.35, and ZP from 19 ± 0.115 to 27 ± 0.819. The prepared CNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against TIGR4 and its capsule mutant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 0.5 to 2.5 mg/mL in a non-acidic environment. The hemolysis assay results revealed that CNPs reduced bacterial hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. Their mammalian cytotoxicity results indicated that CNPs formed from low concentrations of Chitosan (Cs) were cytocompatible. Conclusion: Nanochitosan particles showed anti-pneumococcal activity regardless of the presence of capsules. They resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial hemolysis and were cytocompatible at a lower concentration of Cs. These findings highlight the potential of CNPs in the treatment of pneumococcal diseases.

Serum Sodium Level and Its Correlation with Curb-65 Score in Community Acquired Pneumonia – A Study from Bangalore, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 2702-2707
Author(s):  
Avinash Hanbe Rajanna ◽  
Swetha Rajoli ◽  
Nitish Ashok Gurav
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Serum Sodium Level ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Severity Scores

BACKGROUND Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia contracted by a person with little or no contact with health care system. Severity scores like CURB 65 severity score are useful in estimating the outcome. Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium level < 135 mEq/L. The incidence of hyponatremia at hospital admission among CAP patients is found to be 28 %and the mechanism behind it has been found to be due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Hence this study is an effort to explore how hyponatremia is associated with severity and outcomes, in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to assess the proportion of hyponatremia in patients with community acquired pneumonia and compare hyponatremia with CURB-65 as an initial screening tool for assessment of severity of CAP. METHODS This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. 75 community acquired pneumonia patients admitted as inpatients are included in this study. Information is collected and detailed history is taken using pre-formed proforma at the time of admission. Serum sodium levels were measured, after initial assessment of patients. The lab values of serum sodium levels were analysed with the clinical profile and outcome in these study groups. RESULTS In our study, it was observed that as the sodium levels are decreasing, the CURB 65 score increases. Study subjects who had sodium levels < 125 mg/dl, presented with CURB 65 score as 4 (30 %). Inversely, the study subjects with high sodium levels (> 135 mg/dl) had CURB 65 scores as 1 (75 %). The association between sodium levels and CURB 65 score was significant in patients who got discharged but not in patients who expired. CONCLUSIONS Present study of serum sodium levels as biomarkers in CAP showed that hyponatremia carried poor prognosis which correlated with high CURB 65 score. KEYWORDS Sodium, Community Acquired Pneumonia, SIADH, CURB 65, Hyponatremia, COPD

scholarly journals Serum IL-27 Predicts the Severity and Prognosis in Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Hong-Yan Liu ◽  
Chun-Mei Feng ◽  
Dong-Xu Hua ◽  
Jia-Yi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Vasoactive Agent ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract Background: The previous studies have revealed that IL-27 was involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the role of IL-27 in the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was unclear. The goal of this research was to explore the associations of serum IL-27 with the severity and prognosis among CAP patients through a prospective cohort study.Methods: The whole of 239 healthy population and 239 CAP patients were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic characteristics and clinical information were analyzed. Results: Serum IL-27 was significantly risen in CAP patients compared with control subjects on admission. Besides, serum IL-27 was gradually increased in line with CAP severity scores among CAP patients. Analysis on relevance suggested that serum IL-27 was associated with blood routine indices, renal function, liver function, myocardial function and inflammatory cytokines. Linear regression and logistic regression revealed that serum IL-27 was positively correlated with CAP severity scores. Logistic regression demonstrated that serum IL-27 on admission was positively correlated with vasoactive agent usage and longer hospital stay during hospitalization among CAPO patients. Conclusions: Serum IL-27 is markedly and positively associated with the severity and poor prognosis among CAP patients, indicating that IL-27 may involve in the pathophysiological process of CAP. Serum IL-27 may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CAP patients.

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