Regulering van journalistiek: een internationale of nationale kwestie?

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Groenhart ◽  
Huub Evers
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Journalistic Quality

Journalism and self-regulation: results from a cross-country survey among journalists Journalism and self-regulation: results from a cross-country survey among journalists In light of the discussion on journalistic quality, the effectivity of self-regulation and proposals of other types of regulation in journalism, a consortium of twelve European and two Arabic countries (MediaAcT, as part of the Seventh EU Framework Programme) conducted a quantitative survey among professional journalists (N = 1,764) in 2011. This article discusses perceptions of journalists on media regulation from four perspectives (State, market, profession and audience) against the background of different media systems (cf. Hallin & Mancini, 2004). While showing a set of deviations, the results partially confirm the theoretical model. We recommend that European policy be more directed towards safeguarding freedoms as well as stimulating self-regulation among media companies.

Effects of Compassion on Employees' Self-regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Jin Choi ◽  
Sangmin Lee ◽  
Se-Ri No ◽  
Eung Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dependent Variables

We examined how compassion can alleviate employees' negative emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. On the basis of self-regulatory resources theory, we hypothesized that there would be relationships between the 2 mediating variables of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and the dependent variables of anxiety, burnout, workplace deviance, and intention to quit. We collected data on these variables from 284 nurses, who work in a stressful job that necessitates compassion from colleagues, to test our theoretical model. The results revealed that compassion alleviated negative emotions (anxiety and burnout), behavior (workplace deviance), and thoughts (intention to quit), with both self-esteem and self-efficacy having mediating effects. Thus, we demonstrated the specific path through which compassion can have positive effects on an organization's employees. We discuss the observed relationship between compassion and self-regulation, and theoretical contributions regarding differences between self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as between anxiety and burnout.

scholarly journals Information Disorder and Self-Regulation in Europe: A Broader Non-Economistic Conception of Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Manipulation

Over the past decade, the problems arising from social communication have yet again become burning issues on social and political agendas. Information disorder, hate speeches, information manipulation, social networking sites, etc., have obliged the most important European institutions to reflect on how to meet the collective challenges that social communication currently poses in the new millennium. These European Institutions have made a clear commitment to self-regulation. The article reviews some recent European initiatives to deal with information disorder that has given a fundamental role to self-regulation. To then carry out a theoretical review of the normative notion of self-regulation that distinguishes it from the neo-liberal economicist conception. To this end, (1) a distinction is drawn between the (purportedly) self-regulating market and (2) a broader conception of self-regulation inherent not to media companies or corporations, but to the social subsystem of social communication, is proposed. This involves increasing the number of self-regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to improve social communication, and reinforcing the commitment of those who should exercise such self-regulation, including not only media companies but also the professionals working at them and the public at large.

scholarly journals Medier og selvstændighed i Grønland

Politik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Ravn-Højgaard
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Public Economy

This article discusses the potential impact of Greenlandic independence on Greenland’s media system and suggests initiatives necessary for maintaining strong Greenlandic media in the future. Using Manuel Puppis' (2009) theory of the characteristics of small media systems, the Greenlandic media system is described. It is shown that it is built with the following aim in mind: the media should support the Greenlandic society by being independent and diverse, strengthening the Greenlandic language, and providing quality journalism that can heighten the public debate. However, as a small media system it is vulnerable to global tendencies where legacy media lose users and advertisers to digital platforms like Facebook and streaming services. The article argues that the vulnerability of the Greenlandic media system could increase if independence leads to a tighter public economy, impeding the media's ability to support Greenlandic society and culture. An interventionist media regulation could, therefore, be a prerequisite for a strong Greenlandic media system that can act as a unifying and nation-building institution.

Media or Corporations? Social Media Governance Between Public and Commercial Rationales

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
Daniela Stockmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Active User ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes ◽  
Over Time

In public discussions of social media governance, corporations such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter are often first and foremost seen as providers of information and as media. However, social media companies’ business models aim to generate income by attracting a large, growing, and active user base and by collecting and monetising personal data. This has generated concerns with respect to hate speech, disinformation, and privacy. Over time, there has been a trend away from industry self-regulation towards a strengthening of national-level and European Union-level regulations, that is, from soft to hard law. Hence, moving beyond general corporate governance codes, governments are imposing more targeted regulations that recognise these firms’ profound societal importance and wide-reaching influence. The chapter reviews these developments, highlighting the tension between companies’ commercial and public rationales, critiques the current industry-specific regulatory framework, and raises potential policy alternatives.

Framing referendum campaigns in the news

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Dekavalla
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
News Media ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
Depth Interviews

This book discusses the framing of referendum campaigns in the news media, focusing particularly on the case of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Using a comprehensive content analysis of print and broadcast coverage as well as in-depth interviews with broadcast journalists and their sources during this campaign, it provides an account of how journalists construct the frames that define their coverage of contested political campaigns. It views the mediation process from the perspective of those who participate directly in it, namely journalists and political communicators. It puts forward an original theoretical model to account more broadly for frame building in the context of referendums in Western media systems, using insights from this and from other cases. The book makes an original contribution to the study of media frames during referendums.

Beyond the mogul: From media conglomerates to portfolio media

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Noam
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Ownership ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries ◽  
Rich Countries

The article shows that outside ownership of media moves in stages – from media properties as the mouthpiece for personal and business interests, to a second stage of conglomerates seeking economic “synergies” of performance, to a third stage dominated by financial portfolio diversification. These phases of outside media ownership correspond to the stages of economic development in that country.The article finds that in rich countries, the ownership of media by industrial companies as a way to create political influence has been declining. The second phase, based on economic synergies, has become a less significant driver, too. On the other hand, there has been a significant growth of cross-ownership through financial intermediaries. In contrast, the media systems of emerging and developing countries are still operating in the first two phases of cross-ownership, centered on projection of influence and on conglomerate business synergies.It is quite likely that these dynamics will lead to a “capture gap” between emerging and rich societies. Media in the former would be significantly more captured through the seekers of personal influence and conglomerate synergies, while media in the latter are subject to professional investors imperatives of profitability, growth, predictability, and fit into portfolio diversification. The same financial institutions from rich countries are also likely to seek acquisitions in the emerging markets by leapfrogging the two other stages. The likely responses are restrictions on foreign ownership of media. Domestic conglomerates will step in and assume control. Media capture will then become patriotic.The article is fact-based and provides details on the media assets of non-media companies in 26 countries accounting for about 60% of the world’s population and over 80% of its economy.

Malaysia’s contemporary broadcast media regulation through the eyes of regulators

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Chang Peng Kee ◽  
Kho Suet Nie ◽  
Rudiger Korff ◽  
Sascha Helbardt
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Media Law ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Public Sphere

This paper aims to gauge the perception of media regulators in Malaysia on the contemporary media landscape and regulation processes in Malaysia, specifically focusing on the broadcast media. The researchers aims to understand the regulation procedures conducted, the steps taken to resolve conflicts of regulation if any and also the regulators perceptions on freedom of speech, self regulation and media governance. This study employed the qualitative method of in-depth interviews with five regulators from three different regulatory bodies, namely the Ministry of Home Affairs, Malaysia Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and Communication and Multimedia Content Forum (CMCF). The interviews proved that contrary to the common belief, the public sphere in Malaysia has a strong influence on the regulators as all regulatory bodies act upon public complaints. The study also showed that there are formal and informal procedures and conflict resolution strategies applied on case-to-case basis. The regulators painted a positive picture of good relationship with the broadcast media with much communication between the two entities. They agreed that the current media law in Malaysia is sufficient, albeit a need to improve the standard operating procedures. They also believe in shared responsibility with the industry rather than self regulation.

scholarly journals Commercial instrumentalisation of media and autonomy of professional communicators in the media system of the Republic of Srpska

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Anđela Kuprešanin-Vukelić
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
External Information ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Media System ◽  
Information Agents ◽  
Media Pluralism ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Professional ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Media Systems

Commercial instrumentalisation of the media presents one of inevitable dimensions with regard to studying contemporary media systems. Researching into the level of commercial instrumentalisation of the media within a certain media system implies researching into the nature of relationship, that is, interaction of the media, professional communicators, and certain external information agents, such as advertisers and owners of capital. Instrumentalisation of the media for commercial purposes determines, to a great extent, the professional stance of communicators and their autonomy while performing the task of satisfying public interests in relation to the exclusively material orientation of media production, which is reflected on the quality of media contents and media pluralism. The paper examines the intensity and nature of interaction between the media and advertisers in the media system in the Republic of Srpska and implications of this interaction with regard to the journalist profession and media practice, from the point of view of journalists, editors, and media managers. As for the working hypothesis of the paper, the author claims that there are various forms of commercial instrumentalisation of the media in the aforementioned system that jeopardise, either directly or indirectly, the autonomy of professional communicators and meeting the necessary professional standards. For these purposes, the gathering of empirical material is realised by means of a survey poll engaging 150 journalists and 65 editors employed with 27 respective media companies in the Republic of Srpska, as well as by means of interviewing 10 media managers. The paper aims at identifying the forms and intensity of commercial instrumentalisation of the media in the media system of the Republic of Srpska which, apart from being of significance for the autonomy and professionalism of the media and communicators, are major indicators of the nature of the media system on the whole and which primarily determine the course of its transformation.

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