Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550-1850

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
International Group ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
The People ◽  
Imperial Expansion

Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion and Exile, 1550-1850 brings together eleven original essays by an international group of scholars, each investigating how family, or the idea of family, was maintained or reinvented when husbands, wives, children, apprentices, servants or slaves separated, or faced separation, from their household. The result is a fresh and geographically wide-ranging discussion about the nature of family and its intersection with travel over a three hundred year period during which roles and relationships, within and between households, were increasingly affected by trade, settlement, and empire building. The imperial project may have influenced different regions in different ways at different times yet, as this collection reveals, families, especially those transcending national ties and traditional boundaries were central to its progress. Together, these essays bring new understandings of the foundations of our interconnected world and of the people who contributed to it.

Society and Justice in Colonial Brazil in the 17th and 18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabele de Matos Pereira de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Universe

In early modern societies, the duty of enforcing justice was one of the principal tasks of the monarch. Judicial power could be exercised both directly by the monarch—the supreme magistrate—or by those he delegated it to—judges or his courts. In the vast territory of Portuguese America, different institutions were created to ensure access to justice, to help govern the people, to assist in long-distance administration, and to maintain control over the crown’s dominions. Ouvidorias-gerais, judges, and courts were established with their own institutional officials, intermixing lower- and higher-level jurisdictions and exercising justice over distinct territorial spaces. To understand the functioning of judicial institutions in colonial society, it is important to analyze the universe of magistrates, their careers, judicial practices, and complex relations in the social environment. Magistrates, as an important professional group recruited by the Portuguese monarchy, had multiple overseas possibilities. They could serve at the same time as representatives of royal power and allies of local groups. These men faced a colonial reality that allowed them a wide sphere of action, the exercise of a differentiated authority, and a privileged position as intermediaries between local elites and the king. Even though all magistrates were subject to the same rules of selection, recruitment, appointment, and promotion, the exercise of justice in the slaveholding society of Portuguese America demanded a great capacity for adaptation and negotiation, for the application of law in the mosaic of local judicial situations. Magistrates circulated in different spaces, creating and working in different judicial institutions in the difficult balance between theory and practice, between written law and customary law.

New World News, Ancient Echoes: A Cortés Letter and a Vernacular Livy for a New King and His Wary Subjects (1520–23)*

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wright
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Charles V ◽  
World News ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Immigrant ◽  
Print Shop ◽  
Hernan Cortes

Empire building converges with print innovations in the rare Zaragoza edition (1523) of the landmark “Second Letter from Mexico” of Hernán Cortés. The Aragonese print shop owned by German immigrant George Coçi advertised what, to its first interpreters, was stunning news from a still mysterious place overseas with woodblocks drawn from their 1520 edition of Livy'sHistory of Rome. An examination of the political, social, and editorial contexts that informed these two books addressed to Charles V casts light on concerns about how the new Spanish king would communicate with his subjects in an age of imperial expansion.

scholarly journals Menace of Waste Dumping Along Median Strips and Drainage in Ogun State: a Development Communication Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Evaristus Adesina ◽  
Oladokun Omojola ◽  
Lanre Amodu ◽  
Babatunde Adeyeye ◽  
Darlynton Yartey
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Communication Approach

Waste dumping along the median strips and drainages is fast becoming a norm among residents of Ogun State. This study sought to investigate the reasons why residents dump refuse along the median strips ; to what extent are they aware of the statutory provisions against the menace as well as find how their knowledge of the health and environmental consequences of Waste Dumping along the median Strip and Drainages. Theory of planned behaviour connected to the research area was reviewed thereby clarifying the main topic and aiding the data collection. The research methodology of survey and in-depth interview were used in the study. An interview was conducted with the Permanent Secretary Cabinet Matter in the Ogun State Government. A structured designed questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 300 respondents. 150 respondents each in Idiroko Expresss Road Ota, Ogun State and the Adatan/Lafenwa Road, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The result of the study revealed that Government, believes that the practice of the people is unjustifiable, describing it as an act of total indiscipline. Although residents of Ogun State are aware of the wrongness of dumping waste along the median strips and drainages, results from the findings of the survey revealed that 54% of the respondents attributed illicit waste dumping act to the long distance of waste containers, 56.3% related their actions to non-availability of waste dump site. The study further shows that 80.2% of the sampled population expressed knowledge of the existence of laws against dumping of waste along median strips and drainages. The study therefore concluded that on the need for an urgent shift from Mongolic to Dialogic communication in curbing the deepening behavioural pattern of dumping waste along the median strips and drainages by residents of Ogun State.

scholarly journals Massage for Eid Travelers in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Danang Ari Santoso ◽  
Wawan Setiawan ◽  
Bayu Septa M.T ◽  
Mislan ◽  
Arya T Candra
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
The People ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Massage Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

Homecoming activities that occur each approaching Eid certainly make travelers feel exhausted on the way to their hometown. So with that it requires activities that help travelers. In this case we provide a place to rest for travelers and provide free massage for travelers. Massage comes from the French word "masser" which means rubbing or from the Arabic word "mash" which means to press it gently or from the Greek word "massien" which means to massage or wrap. With the provision of massage it is expected that travelers can relax and make the body fit again. Based on the above problems, we need a place of rest for travelers who drive motorized vehicles and volunteers who are able to reduce driver fatigue by giving free massage to the travelers. With this done, it is expected that the smoothness and safety of motorists who make homecoming in 2019 can be maintained until they are in their respective hometowns. The target of this community service activity is travelers in 2019 who pass through Banyuwangi City. The preparatory stages include location survey, after that coordinate with the campus to hold campus room loan licensing as a place of rest and massage place for the homecomers. In addition, we are socializing to the public that there will be a free massage at Campus C, Uniba Banyuwangi. Providing all the facilities of massages, such as mattresses, olive oil and towels. The implementation phase is carried out May 18-19, 2019. The homecomers are recorded by filling in attendance and biodata. Travelers come into the room to rest and are given massage treatment. Based on the results of community service activities that have been carried out, the people who have been going home in 2019 are happy and are greatly helped by the location of free rest and massage. The resting place is very helpful for travelers to see a long time in travel and the long distance traveled by the travelers. For free massage activities also make travelers feel more comfortable and more fit to continue their homecoming journey to their hometown.

scholarly journals Main Factors Affecting Animal Welfare and Meat Quality in Lambs for Slaughter in Chile

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Gallo ◽  
Juan Tarumán ◽  
Cristian Larrondo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The People ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Quality Of Products

Consumers have become increasingly demanding about the quality of products of animal origin, particularly regarding animal welfare during production, transport, and slaughter. The aim of the present study was to review the factors affecting the welfare of lambs for slaughter in Chile and show the implications on meat quality. Rounding up and driving the lambs from the fields in large extensive production systems and long distance transport through difficult geographical routes affect the blood variable indicators of stress and reduces muscle glycogen reserves, increasing the risk of high pH of meat. In small farmer sheep production conditions there is a lack of appropriate installations for loading/unloading and deficiencies in vehicle structure specific for lambs; this together with the work of untrained handlers results in a high percentage of mortality and bruised carcasses, compared to European studies. These problems are common for other South American countries and should be addressed firstly by educating and training all the people involved in the lamb meat chain regarding animal welfare. In Chile there is legislation, ongoing since 2013, regarding the protection of animals during production, transport, and slaughter, including compulsory training of animal handlers and livestock transporters, which should improve animal welfare and meat quality.

scholarly journals User Evaluation of the Neurodildo: A Mind-Controlled Sex Toy for People with Disabilities and an Exploration of Its Applications to Sex Robots

Robotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mariano Gomes ◽  
Rita Wu
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
The People ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Sex Toys ◽  
The Brain

In this paper, we present the Neurodildo, a sex toy remotely controlled by brain waves, which is pressure sensitive and has electrical stimulation (e-stim) feedback. The Neurodildo was originally presented as a conference paper at the 3rd International Congress on Love and Sex with Robots (2017). We designed and explored the application of a mind-controlled sex toy for the people with mobility disabilities, for example with spinal cord injury (SCI), who have difficulty handling a commercial toy and that might experience difficulties in a sexual encounter. The system consists of the sex toy with Bluetooth and sensors, the brain-computer interface (BCI) headset, the e-stim device, and a computer for running the necessary software. The first user wears the headset and the e-stim device, and by focusing in trained patterns, he/she can control the vibration of the sex toy. The pressure applied to the sex toy by the second user is measured by sensors and transmitted and converted to the first user, who feels muscle contractions. We discuss the design process, the limitations of the prototype and how evaluating the user requirements is necessary for a better product. We also included a background and discussion on the application of sex robots for assisting disabled people and how the Neurodildo could be integrated with this futuristic technology. The goal of this project is to design a sex toy that might help people with disabilities and people in long-distance relationships (LDR), trying to fill the gap of sex toys designed for people with disabilities.

‘…Of real use to the people’

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-529
Author(s):  
Savithri Preetha Nair
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Episode ◽  
European Technology

This article throws light on the self-consciously modern attempt on the part of Raja Serfoji II (r. 1798–1832) of Tanjore, South India to establish a Devanagari press in 1802–07 for the dissemination of ‘useful knowledge’. Adopting a social constructivist approach, this article concerns itself with the locality, materiality and the historical contingency of knowledge production, thus opting for a highly detailed case study of the Tanjore press. It focuses on people, objects, knowledge, technologies and labour that flowed along short- and long-distance networks connecting the local and the global in the early nineteenth century, to produce the printed book in the ‘locality’ called Tanjore. The article argues that the superior and elegant Devanagari types cast for Serfoji were not simply ‘crafted out’ of a European template, but were the result of a five-year long typographical experiment funded and directed by the Tanjore court involving several kinds of expertise that cut across geographical and cultural boundaries. Serfoji’s celebration of the social and intellectual uses of this piece of European technology so early in the nineteenth century is indeed a remarkable historical episode, and a reflection of the nature of enlightened modernity he wished to articulate through the vernacular printed book.

England's Maritime Empire: Seapower, Commerce and Policy, 1490–1690. By David Loades. London: Longman, 2000. Pp. xi, 277. $17.80, paper.

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1107
Author(s):  
G. V. Scammell
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Overseas Expansion ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Maritime Empire

To the vast and burgeoning literature on the rise, fall, and consequences of European empire-building, David Loades, a distinguished historian of Tudor England, adds this brief and stimulating book on the origins and course of the country's overseas expansion in the two centuries after 1490. He is not concerned with models or with the analysis of global balances of power. Taking a more modest perspective, he argues that between 1490 and 1690 England changed from being the decayed remnant of a once-formidable expansionist power on the Continent to a nascent oceanic and imperial state. By the mid-1500s, he claims, the foundations of the country's subsequent maritime and colonial achievements were already in place. He identifies the vital elements as the creation of a standing specialist fighting navy; the development, from the mid-sixteenth century, of an interest in long-distance voyages and trading ventures, sustained under Elizabeth I by an “enterprise partnership” between the queen and some of her subjects; and the emergence, in the years of the Commonwealth and the Cromwellian Republic, of the navy as an instrument of state rather than dynastic ambition. However, as the argument unfolds he admits the importance of other factors, not least the pursuit of profit and the desire of some of England's populace to escape from religious or political regimes they found intolerable.

Survey of Sulfur Dioxide Residues in Litchi Preservation Process in Hainan Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2920-2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li Qi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Hui Ling Zhou ◽  
Chun Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Litchi Fruit ◽  
Fruit Flavor

Lychee (LYchee chinensis) is a tropical, subtropical climate zone of special fruit, the“southern good fruit” ,China is the world’ largest producer of litchi, commercial long history of cultivation. Is also one of the most competitive on the international fruit market fruit present. Litchi fruit flavor is unique, colorful, nutrient-rich, loved by the people. But its fruit ripening is in the hot season, due to post-harvest browning (loss of red) and fruit rot rapid deterioration leaving the fruit, post harvest life at room temperature is less than three days, this short postharvest life strictly limits litchi long-distance transportation, sale and consumption.

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