Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Communist System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Observers of the media landscape in China often express the criticism that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restriction and that mass media is run in an ‘authoritarian mode.’ Yet how did the state of press freedom in China end up like this? Was this an inevitable outcome, or are there historical antecedents that predate the communist system? To answer these questions, we need to conduct a comprehensive inquiry into China’s history of press freedom because today’s conception of press freedom is fundamentally related to its past. In the case of China, this conceptual history has so far received little attention. This chapter delineates theoretical backgrounds and methodological issues relating to the conceptual history of press freedom in China.

Political and Economic History of Land-Grabs in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer Ghulam Nabi Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
The State ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Land Grabs ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

This chapter begins with tracing the roots of colonialism in India, followed by understanding its various structures and processes of resource-grabbing. It argues, that India has largely followed the colonial approach towards land appropriation. After independence, although the Indian state followed a nationalistic path of development, the developmental approach of the state was far from being pro-peasant and/or pro-ecology. In a similar fashion, hydroelectricity projects in Kashmir, developed by NHPC from 1970s, have been displacing thousands of peasants from their lands and houses. Despite this, they are yet to become a major debate in the media, in the policy circles, or in academia in India.

scholarly journals Coronavirus in Spain: Fear of ‘Official’ Fake News Boosts WhatsApp and Alternative Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Elías ◽  
Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
The State ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Public Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Official Sources

The communication of the Coronavirus crisis in Spain has two unexpected components: the rise of the information on social networks, especially WhatsApp, and the consolidation of TV programs on mystery and esotericism. Both have emerged to “tell the truth” in opposition to official sources and public media. For a country with a long history of treating science and the media as properties of the state, this very radical development has surprised communication scholars.

scholarly journals System medialny współczesnego Izraela

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Kacper Kosma Kocur
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Of Israel

The media system in Israel todayThe paper examines the media system in the state of Israel. It takes into account both the history of the media — from the press through radio and television to the internet — and the current situation. The author describes the most important Israeli media: newspapers, television and radio stations, as well as websites, taking into consideration their popularity on the market, political orientation and importance in Israel’s media world.

The integration of cultures: music of the people of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Gulmira Mussagulova ◽  
Zulfiya Kassimova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the consideration and study of the creativity of the most prominent representatives of the musical art of national ethnic groups, the role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, the identification of various criteria for the relationship of ethnic groups living in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the peculiarities of their life, way of life, spheres of life, their relationship and views on the modern State, created by the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Nursultan Nazarbayev. The core of the projects completed in the period from 2012 to 2017 includes not only historical facts and materials found from the State Archives, Central Scientific Library and the National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also an overview of active participation in many events related to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, to the 20th and 25th anniversaries of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, associated with the considered ethnocultural centers and representatives of certain ethnic groups. Through the media, participation in international scientific and practical conferences, previously unknown facts of the studied ethnic groups were highlighted, and their relationship with the main population of the republic, their contribution to the multinational culture of Kazakhstan, which in turn confirms the prudent, orderly, and wise policy of Elbasy (The Head of the State). The authors use the following methods in the study: historical-chronological, source study, analytical, comparative, and interviewing. Since 2012, in Kazakh musicology, the musical heritage of ethnic groups inhabiting Kazakhstan has been studied. A unique opportunity for a full-fledged study of their work is presented thanks to the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan and systematic state policy, under the leadership of the First President. In 2017, the second book, entitled "The Historical Significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in Interethnic Cultural Integration", was published, which became a fruitful result of the research project in 2015–2017. This book is a kind of continuation of the series, which began in the previous collective monograph "The Musical Art of the People of Kazakhstan", which was published at the end of 2014 and has undergone extensive testing not only among professionals, but also among fans of the musical culture of multinational Kazakhstan. Such research projects, which were not previously carried out in the domestic humanitarian science, are significant and in demand, since before their appearance in domestic musicology there were only separate reports on the activities of cultural centers, articles in the media and on Internet sites, a brief analysis of the work of specific masters in publications devoted to the study of the history of musical art of numerous national cultures. They give only fragmentary ideas about the art of the ethnic groups in question. The relevance and insufficient elaboration of these problems served as the basis for the study "The historical significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in interethnic cultural integration", carried out by the Department of Musicology of the M. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The implementation of such a complex and significant topic for the national musical art, coverage of the activities of large cultural centers of different ethnic groups, and much more makes it possible to determine the contribution of each of them to the history of Kazakhstan's development and outline ways to preserve the traditional folklore heritage and identity. In this regard, these projects are relevant and socially and politically significant at the state level.

Peculiarities of communicative situations of border guards professional discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
I. V. Mishchynska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Senior Officer ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
Characteristic Features

Specific features of border discourse as a special form of social interaction are considered in the article. The characteristic features of communicative situations of border discourse are highlighted. The conditions under which modern border discourse takes place are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the professional speech of border guards, which is characterized by professional border guard vocabulary, depending on the field of communication. Discourse is a complex communicative event or sociolinguistic structure created by interlocutors in specific communicative, social and pragmatic situations. Border discourse exists in two forms: the oral form and written form. Oral border discourse is the communication between people in the line of duty. It can be a conversation between two servicemen, between an officer and a person crossing the state border of Ukraine, or a senior officer and a subordinate serviceperson. Written border discourse is secondary to oral speech. Written speech is actually dialogical. The material of the research is presented by normative documents, educational materials, materials of mass media, in which the communicative situations of the border discourse are presented. The place of speech situations of border discourse is determined by the sphere of activity of communicators and the method of communication: personal or indirect means of communication (telephone conversations, Internet, correspondence by regular or e-mail, mass media, etc. Participants in speech situations within this discourse are border guards, academics who teach disciplines related to the activities of border guards, members of the media who cover issues related to border activities, as well as ordinary citizens involved in border discourse when crossing the state border. Motives of communication and speech intentions of communicators are determining factors in the selection of language means to achieve the communicative goal. Areas in which the border discourse takes place are official receptions, meetings, conferences, press conferences, negotiations, command and staff exercises, conferences, training situations with the use of professional border guard vocabulary, regulations, official situations at checkpoints.

Media Anthropology

Anthropology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pardo ◽  
Elizabeth ErkenBrack ◽  
John L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Media Anthropology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Object Of Study

Although anthropologists have long addressed topics related to media and communications technologies, some have argued that a truly institutionalized commitment to the anthropology of media has only developed within the past twenty years. This might be due, at least in part, to a traditional disciplinary emphasis on “primitive” communities lacking the ostensible features of modernity, including electronic forms of mass mediation. Thick description, a central aim of ethnography as touted by Clifford Geertz, was historically geared toward small-scale societies and precluded the study of contemporary forms of mass media in modern life. However, anthropologists have begun to develop productive ways of including mass mediation into their ethnographic accounts. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly difficult to talk about cultural practices at all without some nod to the ubiquity of global media. From an anthropological perspective, it is important to consider varying cultural contexts of mass-media production, consumption, and interpretation. And this begs a question that several anthropologists have begun to answer. What is the most appropriate way to study “the media” as a cultural phenomenon? Content analyses of media texts? The measuring and identifying of media’s social effects and influence? Ethnographic studies of “reception” and “production”? Or something else entirely? Anthropologists engage in all of these and more. Additionally, new questions are emerging about how anthropology might best address digital media and online communities. There are multiple ways in which anthropologists have engaged with “the media” both as a tool of representation and an object of study. To outline some of those ways, it makes sense to provide a history of developments in the field, summarizing several thematic topics that have recently been of central focus to anthropologists of media, including religion, globalization, and nationalism. It also makes sense to think about approaches to studying mass media that other disciplines deploy—disciplines that are in conversation with anthropologists on this subject, including and especially media studies, communications studies, and cultural studies. The categorical divisions here attempt to reflect anthropology’s historical commitments to various analytical, thematic, and medium-based modes of inquiry.

The Path of the Leopard: Motherhood and Majesty in Early Danhomè

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Preston Blier
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Women

This article examines Danhomè (Dahomey) myths of dynastic origin, offering at once a critique and counter-narrative to the official dynastic history. Critical to this counter-narrative are the early women of the state, most importantly the mothers and wives of the first rulers. The provocative stories of these women not only add an important human dimension to Danhomè history but also raise important methodological issues, for events associated with their lives contradict much of what has been previously written about the origins of this kingdom. In Danhomè, events associated with the beginning of the dynasty were mythologized into an elaborate fiction of leopard birth and incest. While scholars have long questioned this account's veracity, to date a coherent alternative has been lacking. Through an analysis of the stories of these royal women, the forging of a new history of the kingdom's origins is now possible.

scholarly journals Picture Stories: the Rise of the Photoessay in the Weimar Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Anton Holzer ◽  
Elisabeth Lauffer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Unity ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Photo Essay

Between the mid-1920s and the early 1930s German photojournalism experienced a profound, far-reaching upheaval. Up until this time, the illustrated mass media had favoured the reproduction of single photos, but during this brief period the photo-essay rose to prominence. Photographs and texts were integrated into a new, complex narrative unity: photoreportage. This article aims to reconstruct the historical conditions under which modern photo-reportage arose during the Weimar Republic. It will also revise certain accepted judgements about the history of photojournalism between the world wars. The development of modern photojournalism has until now been identified almost exclusively with the achievements of individual protagonists, mainly prominent photographers. Although these individuals played an important role in the production process of photoreportage, they were rarely consulted regarding editorial questions and layout. In order to better understand the economic development of photoreportage and its growth as a medium, it is necessary to examine the editorial work being done behind the scenes at the magazines and newspapers of the time. This article will therefore focus more on the development of the media and economic macrostructures at play in the emergence and growth of photo-reportage, and less on individual photographers’ contributions and photojournalistic output. It ultimately shows that the consolidation of modern photo-reportage was the result of closely connected media-related and social developments, commercial strategies and aesthetic decisions that went far beyond the agency of individuals.

scholarly journals The Need for State Ideology in the State to Ensure Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melnikov Victor Yurievich
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation

Human society is not a history of ideas, as such, of the activities or the vicissitudes of destinies, the so-called historical personalities acting according to the arbitrariness of their mind and heart. The history of society has its “earthly basis”. This is, first of all, the history of the development of people, their existence, traditions of the people, spirituality, moral values, economic development, rules of conduct, laws of the country in which you live, in short, the ideology of the state and how it is presented by the authorities through the media.  But in Russia, as stated in article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, "No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory." The same Constitution recognizes “ideological diversity”.  Subsequent postulates of the same Constitution of the Russian Federation refute the foregoing.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI MASYARAKAT

Conciencia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainuri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Community Education ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Media ◽  
Development Of Students

Society (society) is a group of people who form a semi-closed (or semi-open) system, where most interactions are between individuals in the group. The variety of education received by students in this community is very much. These include the formation of habits, formation of knowledge, attitudes and interests, as well as moral and religious formation. Education in community education can be said to be indirect education, education carried out unconsciously by the community. And the students themselves consciously or not, they have educated themselves, strengthening their faith and self-confidence in the values ​​of morality and religion in society. That is, the community environment influences the development of students. The influence given by the environment is intentional and accidental. That is, the environment has no specific intentions in influencing the development of students. And the community environment is very influential for children's character development. If the child is in a good community environment, it will also have a good influence on the development of the child's character. Likewise, on the other hand a bad environment can also have a bad influence on children's character development. As parents, they must be smart and smart to choose a good environment for their children, because it will determine the child's character development. Character education as an effort to develop character is an effort made by the world of education to help students understand, care and act in accordance with ethical values. The purpose of character education is to form characters that are implemented in the subject's essential values ​​with the behaviors and attitudes they have. In this case the formation of character, there must be educational networks. Especially in information technology and telecommunications today, one of the factors that have a huge influence on development or vice versa is the destruction of the character of society or the nation is mass media, especially electronic media, with the main actors being television. Actually the magnitude of the role of the media, especially print and radio media, is in the development of national character. The mass media plays a dual role. On the one hand, playing public service advertisements or touching advertisements, on the other hand broadcasts programs/soap operas which actually show negative things, which ultimately are not shunned, instead imitated by the audience. The media must be controlled by the state. The state has an obligation to control all media activities, so that they are in accordance with the goals of the country itself. The legal instruments must be clear and fair. Indonesia itself has a Depkominfo, but only regulates frequency policies, broadcasting rights, and so on. More specifically, there is the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), which was formed more independently, but recognized by the government. KPI is expected to be able to filter media activities (especially television) to suit the country's goals, norms, culture, customs, and of course religion. However, until now, the KPI is considered to be still quite weak in acting (filtering), and so than that, it is very necessary (strength) of the participation of the community in controlling these media.

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