,,… so dass ihr ein Vorbild geworden seid für alle Gläubigen in Makedonien und Achaia“: Übergemeindliche Verbindungen im 1Thessalonicherbrief : Teil I: Einführung und Vorkommen in 1Thessalonicher 1,1‐2,15

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Christoph W. Stenschke
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Thessalonians 1 ◽  
New Testament Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Aufsatz untersucht die direkten und indirekten Hinweise auf übergemeindliche Verbindungen im 1Thessalonicherbrief. Nach einer knappen Einführung in die Bedeutung dieser Fragestellung für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft (Vergleichbarkeit von urchristlichen Gemeinden und antiken Vereinen, Rolle des Paulus, Einleitungsfragen) und methodischen Überlegungen (Verankerung des Paulus und seiner Mitarbeiter in Gemeinden) werden die Hinweise auf übergemeindliche Verbindungen in 1Thessalonicher 1,1‐2,15 untersucht. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Rolle, die Silvanus und Timotheus darin spielen. Sie sind in Gemeinden verankert, wirken in einer Vielzahl von Gemeinden und bilden ein wichtiges Verbindungsglied zwischen Gemeinden. Daneben thematisiert der Brief das Verhältnis der Thessalonicher zu anderen Christen. Im II. Teil dieses Aufsatzes werden die übrigen Vorkommen übergemeindlicher Verbindungen im 1Thessalonicherbrief behandelt. Nach einer Zusammenfassung werden abschließend die unterschiedlichen Implikationen für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und für die kirchliche Praxis skizziert.RÉSUMÉCet article étudie les références directes et indirectes aux liens entre communautés chrétiennes dans la première épître aux Thessaloniciens. Après une introduction sur l’importance de ce sujet pour les études néotestamentaires (la comparaison entre l’Église ancienne et les sociétés antiques, le rôle de Paul et autres questions d’introduction) et des réflexions méthodologiques (l’ancrage de Paul et de ses compagnons dans les Églises locales), les références à des liens potentiels entre communautés chrétiennes en 1 Thessaloniciens 1.1‐2.15 sont étudiées. L’auteur accorde une attention particulière au rôle joué par Silas et Timothée à cet égard. Ils oeuvrent dans le cadre d’Églises locales, prennent une part active à la vie d’une multitude d’Églises et constituent ainsi un lien important entre elles. En outre, la lettre aborde comme l’un de ses thèmes centraux celui des relations des chrétiens de Thessalonique avec d’autres chrétiens. La seconde partie de cet article traitera des relations avec des mouvements para-ecclésiastiques à partir de la même épître. Elle énoncera diverses implications de cette étude pour les études néotestamentaires et pour la pratique des Églises.SUMMARYThis essay investigates the direct and indirect references to connections between local churches in 1 Thessalonians. After a concise introduction into the relevance of this issue for New Testament studies (comparison between the early church and societies in antiquity, the role of Paul, matters of introduction) and methodological reflections (rootedness of Paul and his fellow workers in local churches), the references in 1 Thessalonians 1:1 ‐ 2:15 to potential connections between churches are analysed. Special attention is given to the roles of Silas and Timothy in this respect. They are rooted in local churches, they play an active part in many of them and they represent important links between them. Besides, a central theme in the Letter is the relationship of the Thessalonians to other Christians. Part II of this essay will deal with the remaining occurrences of relationships between churches in 1 Thessalonians. After the summary, various implications for New Testament studies and Church praxis will be sketched.

Die 2de en 3de gebruik van die sedewet?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus De Wit de Koning
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, it is indicated that the Protestant teaching of the so-called second and third use of the moral law is not confirmed by Romans 3:31’s statement: “Do we then overthrow the law by this faith? By no means! On the contrary, we uphold the law.” After looking at developments concerning the study of the role of the Torah that indicated a descriptive view rather than a prescriptive view thereof in Israel’s history, until a change to a more prescriptive view during the Persian period and thereafter, the relationship of faith and Torah in the Canonical Pentateuch came under scrutiny. Following this, new developments regarding Paul and the law were considered. Paul’s statement in Romans 3:31 was then examined in the context of Romans 2–4. After establishing the fact that this verse cannot be used to confirm the ongoing relevance of the law for the New Testament Christian concerning the knowledge of sin and rule for Christian living, it was tested against Galatians 3:12, which seems to contradict the findings on Romans 3:31. It was concluded that Paul indeed indicates that the truth of justification through faith is confirmed by the Torah itself and therefore the so-called second and third use of the moral law cannot be confirmed by Romans 3:31. Some implications of this conclusion are finally highlighted.

The Relationship of Ephesians and Colossians

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coutts
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
New Testament Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In a previous number of New Testament Studies (II(1957), 115–27), I argued that behind Ephesians i. 3–14 and I Peter i. 3–12 lie forms of liturgical prayer; that Ephesians as a whole might well be a Baptismal Encyclical; and that if this were so, the question of the priority of Colossians might have to be reconisdered.

Belief and Will

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Pojman
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Will ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is a widely held belief that one can will to believe, disbelieve, and withhold belief concerning propositions. It is sometimes said that we have a duty to believe certain propositions. These theses have had a long and respected history. In one form or another they receive the support of a large number of philosophers and theologians who have written on the relationship of the will to believing. In the New Testament Jesus holds his disciples responsible for their beliefs, reprimands them for doubting, and speaks of the ability to believe as if it were optional. Paul makes it clear that he thinks propositional belief is a necessary condition for salvation. If a man confesses Christ as Lord with his lips and believes in his heart that God has raised him from the dead, he shall be saved (Romans 10: 9f.). The writer of Hebrews implies that unless we have certain propositional beliefs we cannot please God (Heb. II: 6). In the New Testament most cases of pistis (belief, faith) involve more than a propositional attitude. They involve the idea of trust and faithfulness. Nevertheless, a prima facie case for saying that the volitional theses can be found in the New Testament can be made. Forms of volitionalism can be found stated more explicitly in the writings of the early Church, in the writings of Irenaeus, in the Athanasian Creed, and in Augustine. Acquinas describes faith as an act of the intellect moved by the will. Descartes is perhaps the classic example of a volitionalist, holding that if we were not responsible for our beliefs (especially our false beliefs), then God would be - which is tantamount to blasphemy in that it makes God into a deceiver.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

SECTANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MANIFESTATIONS OF MODERN RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Agapov ◽  
Kirill Stepkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article considers the general theoretical foundations of the relationship of sectarianism and religious extremism in the Russian Federation. Practical examples of the role of destructive sects in modern religious extremism in the Russian Federation are given.

The Meaning of the Concept of “Spiritual Energy” in the Philosophy of William James and Henry Bergson

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Maria M. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
William James ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Creative Evolution ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the philosophy of Henri Bergson and William James as independent doctrines aimed at rational comprehension of spiritual reality. The doctrines imply the paramount importance of consciousness, the need for continuous spiritual development, the expansion of experience and perception. The study highlights the fundamental role of spiritual energy for individual and universal evolution, which likens these doctrines to the ancient Eastern teaching as well as to Platonism in Western philosophy. The term “spiritual energy” is used by Bergson and James all the way through their creative career, and therefore this concept should considered in the examination of their solution to the most important philosophical and scientific issues, such as the relationship of matter and spirit, consciousness and brain, cognition, free will, etc. The “radical empiricism” of William James and the “creative evolution” of Henry Bergson should be viewed as conceptions that based on peacemaking goals, because they are aimed at reconciling faith and facts, science and religion through the organic synthesis of sensory and spiritual levels of experience. Although there is a number of modern scientific discoveries that were foreseen by philosophical ideas of Bergson and James, both philosophers advocate for the artificial limitation of the sphere of experimental methods in science. They call not to limit ourselves to the usual intellectual schemes of reality comprehension, but attempt to touch the “living” reality, which presupposes an increase in the intensity of attention and will, but finally brings us closer to freedom.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL PREFERENCES IN PEDAGOGICAL DYNASTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
N. V. SHAMANIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Professional Preferences ◽  
Parent Child

The article raises the issue of the relationship of parent-child relationships and professional preferences in pedagogical dynasties. Particular attention is paid to the role of the family in the professional development of the individual. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between parent-child relationships and professional preferences.

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