scholarly journals ANALISIS SISTEM SAPAAN DALAM KAD UNDANGAN PERKAHWINAN MELAYU

2020 ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
NURUL AIN ALIZUDDIN ◽  
NIK NUR ATHIRAH NIK MOHD ARIF
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Address System

Kajian ini meneliti penggunaan sistem sapaan dalam kad undangan perkahwinan masyarakat Melayu. Sistem sapaan dalam masyarakat Melayu amat unik kerana terdapat pelbagai sistem gelaran dan panggilan berdasarkan status sosial seseorang individu tersebut. Oleh itu, kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahawa sistem sapaan yang diamalkan merupakan satu bentuk kesantunan berbahasa kerana melambangkan taraf dan status sosial seseorang. Data dianalisis menggunakan Teori Ervin-Tripp (1972). Kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah kaedah kualitatif dengan teknik kajian analisis kata sapaan dalam kad undangan perkahwinan Melayu. Berdasarkan analisis kajian pustaka yang dijalankan, faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem sapaan dan panggilan dalam masyarakat Melayu adalah berdasarkan status sosioekonomi seseorang, iaitu umur, jantina, pangkat dan pendidikan individu. Sistem sapaan dan panggilan dalam masyarakat Melayu mempunyai fungsi yang tersendiri, iaitu untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat dan memuliakan seseorang, mengeratkan hubungan kekeluargaan dan persaudaraan. Selain itu, sistem sapaan bertujuan mendidik generasi muda kini dan generasi akan datang untuk menghormati orang yang lebih tua. Kajian sistem sapaan ini penting dan memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat Melayu kerana dengan menerapkan nilai-nilai kesantunan dalam berkomunikasi, masyarakat Melayu lebih dipandang tinggi dan dihormati.   This study examined the use of the address system in Malay wedding invitation cards. The address system in the Malay community is very unique due to the use of various titles and terms based on the social status of the intended individuals. This paper was therefore aimed at proving that the address system practised in the community was a form oflanguage politeness since it portrayed the rank and social status of a person. Data were analysed with the theory proposed by Ervin-Tripp (1972). This study utilised a qualitative approach using the technique of extracting andanalysing address forms used in Malay wedding invitation cards. Based on the analysis, it was found that factors affecting the address system and honorifics in the Malay community depended on a person’s socioeconomicstatus such as age, gender, rank and education of individuals. The address system in the Malay community has specific functions namely to show respect and honour, and to strengthen family and community bonds. In addition, the use of the address system is aimed at educating the young and future generations to respect their elders. This study is critical and beneficial to the Malay community since inculcating politeness values in communication with others would lead to the community being regarded with esteem and respect.

Kuinka pääministeriä puhutellaan?

Virittäjä ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Vecsernyés
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Conversations ◽  
The One

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan, kuinka Suomen ja Unkarin pääministereitä puhutellaan Facebookissa. Tutkimuksen kohteena on se, mitä puhuttelukeinoja kommentoijat käyttävät kahdessa eri tarkoituksessa: toisaalta sympatian tai samaa mieltä olemisen, toisaalta erimielisyyden tai kritiikin ilmaisemisessa. Kahden sukukielen, suomen ja unkarin, puhuttelukeinot ovat samankaltaisia, mutta niiden käytössä on huomattavia eroja esimerkiksi sinuttelun ja teitittelyn yleisyydessä. Aineistona on viiteen Suomen pääministeri Juha Sipilän ja yhdeksään Unkarin pääministeri Viktor Orbánin vuosina 2015–2017 kirjoittamaan Facebook-päivitykseen tulleita kommentteja. Tarkastelun kohteena on 189 suomenkielistä ja 191 unkarinkielistä puhuttelumuotoa sisältävää kommenttia. Kommentit on jaettu myötäileviin ja vastustaviin ja näitä kahta kommenttityyppiä tarkastellaan kvantitatiivisesti ja kvalitatiivisesti pyrkimyksenä selvittää, mitä eroja puhuttelumuodon valinnassa ilmenee. Tutkimuksen teoreettis-metodisena taustana on aiempi sosiopragmaattinen puhuttelututkimus. Tutkimus osoittaa, että suomessa sinuttelu on hyvin yleistä riippumatta kommentin laadusta, mutta unkarissa sinuttelu on tavallisesti erimielisyyden osoittamisen keino. Tyypillinen kannustavan kommentin kirjoittaja käyttää suomessa sinuttelua ja pääministerin etunimeä, unkarissa teitittelyä, ön-teitittelypronominia ja pääministerin titteliä. Unkarin kielessä puhuteltavan yhteiskunnallinen asema vaikuttaakin puhuttelumuodon valintaan vahvemmin kuin suomessa. Toissijaisena strategiana unkarissa esiintyy jonkin verran myös uudenlaista kunnioittavaa sinuttelua yhdistettynä pääministerin etunimen käyttöön. Suomenkielisen aineiston vastustavissa kommenteissa esiintyy vielä todennäköisemmin sinuttelua kuin myötäilevissä kommenteissa sekä sinä-pronominia ja pääministerin sukunimeä, unkarinkielisessä aineistossa puolestaan sinuttelua, te ’sinä’ -pronominia ja pääministerin etu- tai sukunimeä tai nimenmuunnoksia. Toissijaisena strategiana joissain unkarin vastustavissa kommenteissa hyödynnetään ylikohteliaisuutta ja intentionaalista inkoherenssia. Aineiston perusteella näyttää siltä, että Facebook-kommenteissa käytetään suomessa etupäässä sinuttelua samoin kuin muissakin internetkeskusteluissa; kommentoijien mielipiteen ilmaisemisessa nominaalisilla puhuttelumuodoilla on tärkeä rooli. Unkarissa taas internetin yleisestä sinuttelupainotteisuudesta huolimatta tärkeimpänä keinona on sinuttelun ja teitittelyn vastakkainasettelu.   How to address a Prime Minister? Forms of address in comments to posts from the Prime Ministers of Finland and Hungary This article examines how the Prime Ministers of Finland and Hungary are addressed on Facebook. The aim of the study is to investigate which forms of address are used by commentators expressing, on the one hand, sympathy or consent, and on the other, disagreement or criticism. The repertoires of address forms of these two related languages, Finnish and Hungarian, bear many similarities, but the frequency and status of these forms are different. The data consists of comments on five posts written by Prime Minister of Finland Juha Sipilä and on nine posts written by Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán between 2015–2017, comprising a total of 189 comments in Finnish and 191 comments in Hungarian, all containing forms of address. The comments have been divided into two types: comments showing sympathy and comments showing disagreement or criticism. These two comment types have been analysed quantitatively and qualitatively aiming to determine how the address practices employed differ from each other. The theoretical background of this study is based upon previously conducted socio­pragmatic address research. The article shows that the use of T forms  is very common in Finnish, regardless of the type of comment, but that in Hungarian, T forms are typically used as a linguistic tool to express disagreement. In Finnish, a typical commentator showing sympathy will use T forms and address the Prime Minister by his first name, whereas in Hungarian V forms, the V form pronoun ön, and the title ‘Prime Minister’ are favoured. The social status of the addressee has a stronger effect on the choice of address forms in Hungarian than it does in Finnish. However, some Hungarian comments include a new, respectful type of T form used with the first name of the Prime Minister. In comments expressing disagreement in the Finnish data, writers favour T forms, especially T form pronouns, and the use of the Prime Minister’s surname, whereas in the Hungarian data T forms, the T form pronoun te ‘you’ and the use of the Prime Minister’s first name, surname or nicknames are the most typical address practices. In conclusion, commentators in the Finnish data seem to use mostly T forms on Facebook, thus imitating address practices common in other online conversations. Instead of the T/V opposition, nominal forms of address play an important role in expressing the commentators’ attitude. In the Hungarian data, despite the prevalence of the T forms in online chats, the most important resource in expressing relation to the Prime Minister seems to be the contrast between the T and V forms, reflecting their significant status in Hungarian.

scholarly journals A Contemporary Approach of Las Meninas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Irina-Andreea Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The present study is meant to underline the importance of a famous work from the baroque period, Las Meninas, made by the painter Diego de Silva y Velásquez who has become a source of inspiration for future generations of artists. Numerous modern and contemporary artists have integrally or partially ”paraphrased” Velásquez’s composition by intercepting the portrait of revolutionary group for the time when it was created, extremely innovative regarding its compositional qualities and its hidden meanings which underlined the role and status of the artist in the context of a conservative society. Thus, the painting becomes the living proof of the way in which the artist manages to overcome the limitations of the social status of ordinary human beings, by portraying himself as a close friend of the royal family and by opening, through this type of representation, an important chapter in the history of portraiture.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL DISTANCE IN THE USE OF REQUEST STRATEGIES IN THE PROPOSAL MOVIE

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Debora Floris, Veronica Noviyanti Loanata
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Research Show

Request is a face-threatening act (FTA) that requires the ability of the speaker not only in the language itself, but also in applying the language used in its context. One of the social dimensions, named social distance, proposed by Holmes (2001), is found to be given its influence in the use of request. In this study, the writers wanted to know about request strategies spoken by Margaret Tate (a leader) to Andrew Paxton (her assistant) before and after their contract marriage, as seen in The Proposal movie. The writer used qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. The findings of this research show that in general, there are some similarities and differences of the use of request strategies before as well as after the contract marriage. In general, it can be assumed that Margaret's higher social status is giving more influences to the requests spoken to Andrew rather than the social distance itself.<br />Keywords: Request, Request Strategies, Social Distance<br /><br />

scholarly journals PEWARISAN BUDAYA DALAM KESENIAN BRINGBRUNG DI KELURAHAN LEDENG, KECAMATAN CIDADAP HILIR, KOTA BANDUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Nugraha Oktovan ◽  
Dede Suryamah ◽  
Sriati Dwiatmini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
The Social

ABSTRAK Skripsi ini adalah hasil penelitian Antropologi budaya mengenai pewarisan budaya dalam kesenian, yaitu kesenian Bringbrung di Kelurahan Ledeng, Kecamatan Cidadap Hilir, Kota Bandung. Penelitian berjudul “Pewarisan Budaya dalam kesenian Bringbrung di Kelurahan Ledeng, Kecamatan Cidadap Hilir, Kota Bandung”, pembahasannya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sosial dan budaya yang mengungkap pewarisan budaya secara sosialisasi, enkulturasi dan internaslisasi. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sistem sosial dalam pewarisan budaya kesenian Bringbrung di Kelurahan Ledeng Kecamatan Cidadap Hilir, Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mengungkap tentang: 1) Proses pewarisan dalam Kesenian Bringbrung dilakukan secara Sosialisasi, Enkulturasi dan Internalisasi; 2) Media pewarisan meliputi praktek menabuh terebang, menyayikan lagu-lagu, menari dan pengelolaan keorganisasian; 3) Faktor pendukung dalam pewarisan adalah masyarakat, orang-tua, pemerintah, media sosial, seniman dan sanggar seni Bringbrung; sedangkan faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan mengenal budaya leluhur, profit seni Bringbrung tidak menjamin kehidupan, dan derasnya globalisasi yang memarjinalkan seni tradisional. Pewarisan budaya yang dilakukan oleh seniman Bringbrung kepada generasi-generasi penerus bertujuan agar kesenian Bringbrung dapat dilestarikan keberadaannya.Kata Kunci: Bringbrung, Pewarisan Budaya, Kelurahan Ledeng ABSTRACT This thesis is the result of cultural anthropology research on cultural inheritance in art, namely Bringbrung art in Ledeng sub-district, Cidadap Hilir, Bandung.The research with the title 'Cultural Heritage in Bringbrung art in Ledeng sub-district of Cidadap Hilir, Bandung', discussion uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analytic methods. The theory that is used in this research is a social and cultural theory that reveals cultural inheritance through socialization, enculturation, and internalization. This study aims to explain the social system in the cultural inheritance of Bringbrung art in Ledeng sub-district, Cidadap Hilir, Bandung. The results of this study are revealing about: 1) The process of inheritance in Bringbrung Art is carried out in socialization, enculturation and internalization; 2) Media of inheritance includes the practice of beating beats, singing songs, dancing and organizational management; 3) The supporting factors in inheritance are the community, parents, government, social media, artists and Bringbrung art studios: while inhibiting factors include limitations on knowing the ancestral culture, Bringbrung's art profit does not guarantee life, the rapid globalization that marginalizes traditional art. The cultural heritage carried out by Bringbrung artists to future generations aims to preserve the existence of Bringbrung art.Keywords: Bringbrung, Cultural Heritage, Ledeng Village

PENGARUH PENYELENGGARAAN HAJI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS EKONOMl DI WILAYAH PROPINSI DKI JAKARTA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Chairul Akmal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This research analyzes some factors affecting economic activities in relation with the conduct of pilgrimage. Those factors are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers. The objective of this research is to acquire the information of how each factor and all factors together affect the economic activities. This research also analyzes the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' economic activities.             This research is conducted in DKI Jakarta in 2007. The population of this research is the average economic activities in DKI Jakarta in 2007. There are 42 respondents (Banks), 157 respondents (travel agencies), and 50 respondents (UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises) which are taken as samples from the population using the purposive sampling method. The data is obtained by the researcher using questioners and secondary data which is taken from 1990-2007.             The methodology used in this research is based on. the causal relationship model In testing the hypothesis of this research, the researcher uses the simple and multiple regression methods, and path analysis method. The significant rate a = 0,05 used in determining the interpretation of the statistic result. The data is processed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences) version 12.00.             The results of the analysis in the 1st equation -are (i) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on banks' revenues is quite strong, (ii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on travel agencies' revenues is quite strong, (iii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' revenues is weak.             The results of the analysis in the 2nd equation are (i) the effect, of the amount of pilgrims on Banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.             The results of the analysis in the 3rd equation are (i) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount officers on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.   The results of the analysis in the 4th equation are (i) the effect of all three factors which are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on banks' revenues is very strong, (ii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on travel agencies' revenues is strong, (iii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is strong.             The result of the analysis in the 5th equation is the effect of foods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 6th equation, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 7th equation, the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong. In the 8th equation, the effect of all three factors which are the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong.             The implication of the research results mentioned above is the factors in the conduct of pilgrimage do increase the economic activities (Banks, Travel Agencies, and UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises) in DKI Jakarta. Therefore, considering that matter, the General Director of the conduct of pilgrimage division of Department of Religion Republic of Indonesia should determine the pilgrimage cost which is affordable, increase the service, and provide a good information system which will result in a better conduct of the pilgrimage. Key word: The Costs of Hajj, Hajj Officer, Travel Agency, UMKM

Cross-space Consumption among Undocumented Chinese Immigrants in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xiangyi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Migrants

We consider cross-space consumption as a form of transnational practice among international migrants. In this paper, we develop the idea of the social value of consumption and use it to explain this particular form of transnationalism. We consider the act of consumption to have not only functional value that satisfies material needs but also a set of nonfunctional values, social value included, that confer symbolic meanings and social status. We argue that cross-space consumption enables international migrants to take advantage of differences in economic development, currency exchange rates, and social structures between countries of destination and origin to maximize their expression of social status and to perform or regain social status. Drawing on a multisited ethnographic study of consumption patterns in migrant hometowns in Fuzhou, China, and in-depth interviews with undocumented Chinese immigrants in New York and their left-behind family members, we find that, despite the vulnerabilities and precarious circumstances associated with the lack of citizenship rights in the host society, undocumented immigrants manage to realize the social value of consumption across national borders and do so through conspicuous consumption, reciprocal consumption, and vicarious consumption in their hometowns even without being physically present there. We conclude that, while cross-space consumption benefits individual migrants, left-behind families, and their hometowns, it serves to revive tradition in ways that fuel extravagant rituals, drive up costs of living, reinforce existing social inequality, and create pressure for continual emigration.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

Attention Sustainability Impact on Social Status in the Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Stanislava Varadinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Early School ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
Positive Environment

The attention sustainability and its impact of social status in the class are current issues concerning the field of education are the reasons for delay in assimilating the learning material and early school dropout. Behind both of those problems stand psychological causes such as low attention sustainability, poor communication skills and lack of positive environment. The presented article aims to prove that sustainability of attention directly influences the social status of students in the class, and hence their overall development and the way they feel in the group. Making efforts to increase students’ attention sustainability could lead to an increase in the social status of the student and hence the creation of a favorable and positive environment for the overall development of the individual.

Analisis Perkembangan Sosial-Emosional Tercapai dan Tidak Tercapai Siswa Usia Dasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaleh Assingkily ◽  
Mikyal Hardiyati
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Of Students

This article aims to examine social-emotional development of the student's age. As for the formulation of a problem in this study i.e. (1) how the social-emotional development is achieved and not achieved grade IV MI Nurul Ummah in learning, (2) how the social-emotional development is achieved and not achieved grade IV MI Nurul Ummah outside of learning, and (3) how the efforts of teachers in developing social-emotional grade IV MI Nurul Ummah. This research used the qualitative approach with observations on the social-emotional development of grade IV MI Nurul Ummah. As for the results of this study suggest that (1) social-emotional development of students in learning that are achieved, i.e. students show an attitude of caring, participation, communication, interactive, teamwork, ability and showing confidence, While that is not achieved, i.e. quiet, it's hard to adapt, a closed, private, and difficult to communicate with people deems foreign.; (2) the social-emotional development of students outside the learning achieved, i.e. students show the attitude of empathy, caring, helpful friends, don't show the attitude of keakuan, and being able to control your emotions when interacting or play, while not achieved,i.e. play only with friends nearby, less concerned with what is happening around him, speaking only when needed, and enjoy learning more than play.; (3) efforts undertaken teacher in developing social-emotional students; sets the position of the seated students, giving the same attention to all students, and to give guidance to students in order to encourage the achievement of social- emotional development of children.Keywords: Analysis, Social-Emotional Development is Achieved and not Achieved

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