scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE FEEDING OF SNOW TROUT, SCHIZOTHORAX RICHARDSONII (GRAY) BASED ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL DIET

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Singh Kunjwal ◽  
Harish Chandra Singh Bisht ◽  
Nityanand Pandey ◽  
Anju Thapliyal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

The present paper deals with food analysis and feeding behavior of the snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) which is a cold water herbivore fish by nature. It is locally called Asela and is distributed in Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of Asia and has considerably attracted the attention of researchers due to its high productivity. The health and growth of fishes is greatly influenced by their nutrition and feeding. It has been observed in the present study that the adult fish naturally feeds on diatoms and algae. An experiment was conducted on artificial feeding of fish by giving three different types of food, i.e., formulated diet as control, periphton based diet and a mixture of both in different artificial raceways. It was observed that the fish conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish pooled in the raceway one (R1), i.e., feeding with formulated was high (6.85) due to balanced nutrients. It is recommended that with the introduction of balance artificial diet may be helpful in increasing the production of S. richardsonii.

Morphometric and molecular identification of Argulus japonicus (Thiele 1900) in vulnerable Himalayan snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray 1832)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Shantilal Tandel ◽  
Khangembam Victoria Chanu ◽  
Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat ◽  
Pragyan Dash ◽  
Tarang Kumar Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

scholarly journals TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP DAN RASIO KONVERSI PAKAN PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy LAC.) DENGAN SISTEM BIOFLOK DAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KADAR PROTEIN YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Wijayanti ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Dudi Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research was carried out on March to August, 2018, and the experiment on April to June, 2018 at the Fishery Laboratory, Djuanda University Bogor. The objective of research is to know and analyze the survival rate and feed conversion ratio of Giant Gouramy that cultured on biofloc media and different protein levels. The experimental design that used is completely randomized design   with 2 treatments   and 6 replications.  The treatments are  treatment A (feeding of protein level  of 17% + mollase addition  with C,/N  ratio 12) and treatment B (feeding of protein  level  of  30%  without  mollase)  Fish that used is Giant Gouramy fry with length 5-7 cm that maintained cylinder container of diameter 1 m and height 1 m. The results of research that the artificial feeding of protein level of 17% + mollase addition with C/N ratio 12 gives the survival rate which is better, but the feed conversion ratio is bad. The average of the highest survival rate of Giant Gouramy is 89% (treatment A) and the low feed conversion ratio is 1.6 (treatment B). Water  quality during the research are temperature  of  23,6-30,0 °C, dissolved oxygen of 6.4- 8.8 mg/l and  pH of 6,3-8,8.Key words: Giant Gouramy, biofloc, feed conversion ratio, protein level.

scholarly journals Morphological Divergence of Snow Trout (Schizothorax Richardsonii, Gray 1932) from Rivers of Nepal with Insights from a Morphometric Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Wagle ◽  
Neeta Pradhan ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Major River ◽  
Mean Vectors ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

Asala or snow trout (Schizothorax richardsonii, Cyprinidae), one of highly valued freshwater fish of Transhimalayan regions, is distributed in upper reaches of all major river systems of Nepal. Morphometric diversification between six river populations of S. richardsonii was examined to identify intraspecific unit for enabling better management of the resources. Significant differences were observed in 17 measured morphometric characters of 207 specimens among the six river populations. Multivariate analysis of variance (Wilks' test) indicated a significant difference for mean vectors of mophometric measurements (? =0.012, F85, 731 = 19.999, P<0.0001) among populations. Principal component and discriminant functions (DFs) analysis of morphometric measurements revealed high seperation of the stocks. The analysis showed that most of the shape and size variation among these populations occurs in the head region, body depth and fin length. Apparent morphometric divergence among S. richardsonii samples showed the existence of three differentiated groups viz., the Indrawati and Khudi populations, the Melamchi and Phalaku Rivers, and the Sabha and Tadi River populations of Nepal. The results of this study may be useful in fisheries management and potential exploitation of this species in coldwater aquaculture.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 464-473

scholarly journals Is there always space at the top? Ensemble modeling reveals climate-driven high-altitude squeeze for the vulnerable snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii in Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 106900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashna Sharma ◽  
Vineet Kumar Dubey ◽  
Jeyaraj Antony Johnson ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Rawal ◽  
Kuppusamy Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Ensemble Modeling ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

Variability in mitochondria of zebrafish photoreceptor ellipsoids

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. TARBOUSH ◽  
I. NOVALES FLAMARIQUE ◽  
G.B. CHAPMAN ◽  
V.P. CONNAUGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Light Filter ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
And Function ◽  
Electron Lucent

AbstractUltrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stained electron-dense mitochondria (E-DM), and two cone types could be distinguished: (1) those with electron-lucent mitochondria (E-LM) and (2) those with mitochondria of moderate electron density. These distinctions were also apparent at later ages (8 and 15 dpf). Rods from adult fish had fewer mitochondria than their corresponding cones. The ellipsoids of some fully differentiated single and double cones contained large E-DM with few cristae; these were surrounded by small E-LM with typical internal morphology. The mitochondria within the ellipsoids of other single cones showed similar electron density. Microspectrophotometry of cone ellipsoids from adult fish indicated that the large E-DM had a small absorbance peak (∼0.03 OD units) and did not contain cytochrome-c, but crocetin, a carotenoid found in old world monkeys. Crocetin functions to prevent oxidative damage to photoreceptors, suggesting that the ellipsoid mitochondria in adult zebrafish cones protect against apoptosis and function metabolically, rather than as a light filter.

Evaluation of the Compact Dry VP Method for Screening Raw Seafood for Total Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEMASA KODAKA ◽  
HAJIME TERAMURA ◽  
SHINGO MIZUOCHI ◽  
MIKAKO SAITO ◽  
HIDEAKI MATSUOKA
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Compact Dry VP (CDVP) is a ready-to-use method for enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food. The presterilized plates contain a culture medium comprising peptone, NaCl, bile salts, antibiotics, chromogenic substrates, and polysaccharide gum as a cold water–soluble gelling. After diluting raw seafood samples in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, a 1-ml aliquot was inoculated onto the center of the plate and allowed to diffuse by capillary action. Blue-green colonies forming on the plates were counted after 18 to 20 h of incubation at 35°C. A total of 85 V. parahaemolyticus strains (62 tdh+ strains and 23 tdh− strains) were studied for inclusivity, 81 (95.3 %) of which produced blue-green colonies. When 97 strains (14 strains of Vibrio spp., 33 strains of coliform bacteria, and 50 strains of noncoliform bacteria) were assessed for exclusivity, 10 strains of Vibrio spp. produced non–blue-green colonies, and 87 strains failed to grow. The CDVP and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) methods were compared with the use of four different types of raw seafood that were inoculated with four different V. parahaemolyticus strains. For raw tuna and oysters, the FDA-BAM colony lift method was used, whereas the FDA-BAM most-probable-number method was used for salmon and scallop. The linear correlation coefficients between the CDVP and FDA-BAM methods were 0.99 for fresh raw tuna, 0.95 for fresh raw oysters, 0.95 for frozen raw salmon, and 0.95 for frozen raw scallops. These results suggest that the CDVP method is useful for screening raw seafood for V. parahaemolyticus.

Opportunities for Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass through the isolation of its components and biodiesel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Mendoza ◽  
Gemma Vicente ◽  
L. F. Bautista ◽  
Victoria Morales
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Human Food ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractBiomass from oleaginous microorganisms is an attractive source of materials used for the production of renewable fuels and industrial products due to its high productivity and the fact that it does not compete with human food. To ensure the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microbial biomass as feedstock, it is necessary to integrate its production and processing into the biorefinery concept. To achieve this goal, biodiesel production and fractionation of the whole biomass into different types of compounds (lipids, proteins, etc.) and further processing of each fraction must be performed. In the present work, the use of a microbial biomass source, the microalga

scholarly journals Schizothorax richardsonii dsRNA dependent protein kinase has three double-stranded RNA binding motifs with a promoter lacking conserved kinase sequence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Saxena ◽  
Kiran Belwal ◽  
Preeti Chaturvedi ◽  
Amit Pande
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

Abstract Background: Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) dependent protein kinase (PKR) is an interferon (IFN) stimulated antiviral protein. It inhibits protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2-α) by its serine-threonine kinase activity that prevents virus replication. This is the first report on the in silico analysis of PKR coding region and its promoter from a Coldwater fish of the Indian Himalayan region. Snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii is an important Coldwater food fish. It is being over fished and therefore requires conservation. Being a vulnerable species it is listed under the red list of IUCN. Here we discuss the identification, cloning and sequencing of PKR coding region and its promoter. Results: We have revealed the complete coding region of dsRNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) and its promoter from Schizothorax richardsonii , one of the several species of snow trout inhabiting sub-Himalayan fresh water bodies. An amplicon of 2884bp containing 5ʹ and 3ʹ untranslated regions (UTR) of 234 and 558 bases was obtained while the deduced open reading frame (ORF) of 2076 bases encoded a polypeptide of 691 amino-acids. Snow trout PKR protein contains three double stranded RNA binding motifs (dsRBM) at N terminal, besides possessing a serine/threonine protein kinase and a C terminal catalytic domain. Moreover, a stretch of 791 nucleotide bases was identified as the promoter upstream the ORF. The identified promoter has two interferon stimulated response elements (ISRE) besides the presence of core promoter elements. Moreover, the snow trout PKR promoter has a TATA box but lacks kinase conserved sequence (KCS) that is present in mammalian PKR promoters. Conclusion: The promoter of snow trout was identified as a stretch of 791 nucleotide bases. It has two interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) besides core promoter elements. Intriguingly, unlike the mammalian PKR promoter, the snow trout PKR promoter has a TATA box but lacks the conserved kinase sequence (KCS) present in human counterpart. Keywords: Schizothorax richardsonii , Interferon Stimulated Genes, PKR protein, Antiviral state, Homology modeling, dsRNA binding protein kinase

scholarly journals РАЗРАБОТКА ВЫСОКОАКТИВНОГО ШТАММА-ПРОДУЦЕНТА ВИРДЖИНИАМИЦИНА И ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЕГО ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ АБСОРБИРУЮЩИХ СМОЛ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Savushkin ◽  
V. V. Dzhavakhiya ◽  
E. V. Glagoleva ◽  
V. V. Savel'eva ◽  
E. D. Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Virginiamycin, an antibiotic produced by some <em>Streptomyces</em> species, is widely used in veterinary and bioethanol production. It represents a natural mix of two different macrocyclic components, among which M1 and S1 factors are the main acting components. M1 and S1 act synergistically when present in the optimum ratio of 60-75% of M1 and 25-40% of S1. Due to a large number of genes involved into the virginiamycin biosynthesis, the development of overproducing strains able to synthesize M1 and S1 at a synergistic ratio with the total productivity exceeding 3-4 g/L still remains a relevant problem. Using a multi-step random UV mutagenesis of the <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. strain DSM40559, a highly active strain S 15-30 was obtained, which virginiamycin titer on a basic medium significantly increased that of the parental strain (2.6 and 0.35 g/L, respectively), and the M1:S1 ratio remained synergistic (72:28). Various sources of carbon, nitrogen, and macroelements were evaluated for medium improvement, and several different types of synthetic macroporous resins were tested to provide the highest virginiamycin titer in culture broth of the developed strain. The resulting improved fermentation medium supplemented with 20 g/L of Amberlite XAD-16 resin increased strain productivity up to 5.03 ± 0.12 g/L with the simultaneous maintenance of the M1:S1 ratio within the synergistic range (72:28) and highly selective level of adsorption of the antibiotic from culture broth (92-95%). The variability of the M1:S1 ratio in the total antibiotic titer depending on various medium composition and resin type was first demonstrated. The obtained strain is promising for the industrial use due to its high productivity and the optimal M1:S1 ratio. Results of the study will be used for the further selection of overproducing strains and the scaling up of the virginiamycin production. The obtained data can be interesting for other researchers working in the field of production of macrolide antibiotics.</p>

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