scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of congenital scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 728-733
Author(s):  
Kun-Bo Park
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Congenital Scoliosis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Scoliotic Curve ◽  
Spinal Growth ◽  
Distraction Device ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
New Treatment

Background: Congenital scoliosis is caused by anomalies of the vertebra, such as hemivertebra or unsegmented bar, which result in asymmetric growth of the spine. The disruption of vertebra development during embryogenesis may be accompanied by other congenital multi-organ anomalies. The progression of the scoliotic curve may also hinder the development of other organs.Current Concepts: Hemivertebra excision and short spinal fusion have demonstrated favorable outcomes. However, the need for spinal growth and lung development has led to new treatment modalities. Growth-friendly surgeries, such as with a growing rod or vertical expandable rib-based distraction device, have demonstrated good results with curve correction while maintaining spinal growth. Although the outcome of conservative treatment for congenital scoliosis is questionable, casting may be effective as a “time-buying strategy” to delay the need for surgery.Discussion and Conclusion: It is essential to decide on a treatment plan considering the progression of the curve and growth of the spine and lungs through an individualized approach.

scholarly journals Repositioning therapy for thyroid cancer: new insights on established medications

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. R183-R194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgeniya Kushchayeva ◽  
Kirk Jensen ◽  
Kenneth D Burman ◽  
Vasyl Vasko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Derivatives Of

Repositioning of established non-cancer pharmacotherapeutic agents with well-known activity and side-effect profiles is a promising avenue for the development of new treatment modalities for multiple cancer types. We have analyzed some of the medications with mechanism of action that may have relevance to thyroid cancer (TC). Experimentalin vitroandin vivoevidences, as well as results of clinical studies, have indicated that molecular targets for medications currently available for the treatment of mood disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, metabolic disorders, and diabetes may be active and relevant in TC. For instance, the derivatives of cannabis and an anti-diabetic agent, metformin, both are able to inhibit ERK, which is commonly activated in TC cells. We present here several examples of well-known medications that have the potential to become new therapeutics for patients with TC. Repositioning of established medications for the treatment of TC could broaden the scope of current therapeutic strategies. These diverse treatment choices could allow physicians to provide an individualized approach to optimize treatment for patients with TC.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

Systematic literature review of clinical outcomes in adults with metastatic or advanced synovial sarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (35) ◽  
pp. 2997-3013
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kogushi ◽  
Michael LoPresti ◽  
Shunya Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Sarcoma ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Background: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis after metastasis. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the clinical evidence for therapeutic options for adults with metastatic or advanced SS. Materials & methods: Relevant databases were searched with predefined keywords. Results: Thirty-nine publications reported clinical data for systemic treatment and other interventions. Data on survival outcomes varied but were generally poor (progression-free survival: 1.0–7.7 months; overall survival: 6.7–29.2 months) for adults with metastatic and advanced SS. A high frequency of neutropenia with systemic treatment and low quality of life post-progression were reported. Conclusion: Reported evidence suggests poor outcomes in adults with metastatic and advanced SS and the need for the development of new treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of a Reengineered Anthrax Toxin on Canine Oral Mucosal Melanomas

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Tomoko Nishiya ◽  
Marcia Kazumi Nagamine ◽  
Ivone Izabel Mackowiak da Fonseca ◽  
Andrea Caringi Miraldo ◽  
Nayra Villar Scattone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Anthrax Toxin ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Upa Receptor ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Oral Malignancy

Canine oral mucosal melanomas (OMM) are the most common oral malignancy in dogs and few treatments are available. Thus, new treatment modalities are needed for this disease. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) toxin has been reengineered to target tumor cells that express urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and metalloproteinases (MMP-2), and has shown antineoplastic effects both, in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a reengineered anthrax toxin on canine OMM. Five dogs bearing OMM without lung metastasis were included in the clinical study. Tumor tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of uPA, uPA receptor, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2. Animals received either three or six intratumoral injections of the reengineered anthrax toxin prior to surgical tumor excision. OMM samples from the five dogs were positive for all antibodies. After intratumoral treatment, all dogs showed stable disease according to the canine Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (cRECIST), and tumors had decreased bleeding. Histopathology has shown necrosis of tumor cells and blood vessel walls after treatment. No significant systemic side effects were noted. In conclusion, the reengineered anthrax toxin exerted inhibitory effects when administered intratumorally, and systemic administration of this toxin is a promising therapy for canine OMM.

scholarly journals Tuning the network charge of biohybrid hydrogel matrices to modulate the release of SDF-1

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kühn ◽  
Joanna Freyse ◽  
Passant Atallah ◽  
Jörg Rademann ◽  
Uwe Freudenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Integral Density ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract The delivery of chemotactic signaling molecules via customized biomaterials can effectively guide the migration of cells to improve the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues. Here, we present a novel biohybrid hydrogel system containing two different sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG)/sGAG derivatives, namely either a mixture of short heparin polymers (Hep-Mal) or structurally defined nona-sulfated tetrahyaluronans (9s-HA4-SH), to precisely control the release of charged signaling molecules. The polymer networks are described in terms of their negative charge, i.e. the anionic sulfate groups on the saccharides, using two parameters, the integral density of negative charge and the local charge distribution (clustering) within the network. The modulation of both parameters was shown to govern the release characteristics of the chemotactic signaling molecule SDF-1 and allows for seamless transitions between burst and sustained release conditions as well as the precise control over the total amount of delivered protein. The obtained hydrogels with well-adjusted release profiles effectively promote MSC migration in vitro and emerge as promising candidates for new treatment modalities in the context of bone repair and wound healing.

scholarly journals Stem Cells and Gene Therapy in Progressive Hearing Loss: the State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Nourbakhsh ◽  
Brett M. Colbert ◽  
Eric Nisenbaum ◽  
Aziz El-Amraoui ◽  
Derek M. Dykxhoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Versus Gene ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Therapy Strategies

AbstractProgressive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (PNSHL) is the most common cause of sensory impairment, affecting more than a third of individuals over the age of 65. PNSHL includes noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and inherited forms of deafness, among which is delayed-onset autosomal dominant hearing loss (AD PNSHL). PNSHL is a prime candidate for genetic therapies due to the fact that PNSHL has been studied extensively, and there is a potentially wide window between identification of the disorder and the onset of hearing loss. Several gene therapy strategies exist that show potential for targeting PNSHL, including viral and non-viral approaches, and gene editing versus gene-modulating approaches. To fully explore the potential of these therapy strategies, a faithful in vitro model of the human inner ear is needed. Such models may come from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The development of new treatment modalities by combining iPSC modeling with novel and innovative gene therapy approaches will pave the way for future applications leading to improved quality of life for many affected individuals and their families.

scholarly journals Patient Experiences of Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Carl M Philpott ◽  
James Boardman ◽  
Duncan Boak
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Trials Unit ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Age Range

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> To highlight the importance of the need for new treatment modalities, this study aimed to characterise the experience of patients with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) in terms of the treatment they received. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An online survey was hosted by the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit on the secure REDCap server. Members of the charity Fifth Sense (the UK charity that represents and supports people affected by smell and taste disorders) were invited to participate. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 149 respondents, of whom 127 had identified themselves as having (or had) PIOD. The age range of respondents to the survey was 28–85 years, with a mean of 58 ± 12 years, with the duration of their disorder &#x3c;5 years in 63% of cases. Respondents reported experiencing variable treatment with oral and/or intranasal steroids given typically (28%), often with no benefit, but with 50% receiving no treatment whatsoever; only 3% reported undertaking olfactory training. Over two-thirds of patients experience parosmia and, up to 5 years from the onset of the problem, were still actively seeking a solution. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There appears to be a need to encourage greater use of guidelines for olfactory disorders amongst medical practitioners and also to develop more effective treatments for patients with PIOD, where there is clearly an unmet need.

New Therapeutics for Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hirten ◽  
Bruce E. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the colon with a variable course. Despite advances in treatment, only approximately 40% of patients achieve clinical remission at the end of a year, prompting the exploration of new treatment modalities. This review explores novel therapeutic approaches to UC, including promising drugs in various stages of development, efforts to maximize the efficacy of currently available treatment options, and non-medication-based modalities. Treatment approaches which show promise in impacting the future of UC management are highlighted.

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