scholarly journals Need of standardization of herbal medicines in Modern era

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Kumar Sachan ◽  
Garima Vishnoi ◽  
Roopak Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Dosage Formulation

<p>The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants &amp; herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. As the side effects of Synthetic medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of formulation are prepared from herbs. The herbal medicines however, suffer from lack of standardization parameters. The main limitation is the lack of standardization of raw materials, of processing methods and of the final products, dosage formulation, and the non existence of criteria for quality control. It is necessary to introduce measures on the regulation of herbal medicines to ensure quality, safety, efficacy of herbal medicines by using modern techniques, applying suitable standards &amp; GMP.</p>

scholarly journals Standardization of Herbal Drugs – A Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
R. Muthuraja ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Dosage Formulation

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. As the side effects of Synthetic medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of formulation are prepared from herbs. The herbal medicines however, suffer from lack of standardization parameters. The main limitation is the lack of standardization of raw materials, of processing methods and of the final products, dosage formulation, and the non existence of criteria for quality control. Herbal formulations have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases. The development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs.

EMERGING TRENDS IN QUALITY CONTROL OF HERBAL MATERIALS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (08) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
M. K. Raina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Population ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The World

The therapeutic use of medicinal plants gained considerable momentum in the world during the past few decades. Traditional medicines, which are mostly based on the herbal raw materials growing in their respective regions, were used by over 70 percent of the world population as per WHO. The reason for their popularity was due to non-availability of modern medicines in the rural areas and also due to the unaffordability of modern medicines due to their high cost. Quality control of medicinal plants for use in these Traditional medicines has always been a challenge for the scientists working in this field. In our country, with the awareness growing among the people about the safety of Ayurvedic and Herbal medicines / cosmetics, the quality control testing of both raw herbal ingredients and finished formulations was seriously undertaken both by the academic / research institutions and the herbal drug manufacturers.

Sensitive Determination of C-Alkylated Flavonoids by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Approach: Pseudarthria hookeri as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 944-949
Author(s):  
Ina Faraz ◽  
Arslan Ali ◽  
Faraz Ul Haq ◽  
Joseph Tchamgoue ◽  
Simeon F Kouam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Abstract One of the major problems with the formulation of herbal medicines is the quality control of plant material to ensure its efficacy and safety. Quality control of medicinal plants requires analysis of many bioactive compounds present in the plant. C-alkylated flavonoids are an important bioactive subclass of flavonoids. A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method is presented here for the quantification of bioactive C-alkylated flavonoids. This is the first quantitative method for analysis of C-alkylated flavonoids based on the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach so far. This study focuses on method development for quantification of bioactive C-alkylated flavonoids. Quantification of a total of five C-alkylated flavonoids was done employing the MRM approach on an HPLC-QqQ-MS instrument. LODs and LOQs for quantified flavonoids were in the range of 0.41–1.32 and 1.23–3.96 ng/mL, respectively. Linear calibration curves between 25 and 1500 ng/mL were obtained with the regression coefficients of ≥0.996. Accuracy (% bias) and precision (% RSD) of the analyses were found to be less than 5%. Developed HPLC-ESI-MS/MS can be employed as a quality control method of plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Recent Development of Quality Control Methods for Herbal Derived Drug Preparations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunawan Indrayanto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Microbial Toxins

Pharmaceutical industries should apply rigorous QC (quality control) to ensure the consistency, safety, and efficacy of their herbal derived drug-preparations. QC must be performed at every stage of the production line i.e. incoming raw materials, extractions, in-process control, finished products and keeping samples. Due to the complex nature of the chemical content of herbal drugs, two approaches to QC should be taken, that is quantitative determination of the selected marker(s) compound(s), and metabolite profiling. Contamination of herbal medicines by heavy metals, pesticides, toxic metabolites, microbial toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and other foreign matter should also be evaluated. A combination of chemical profiling and multivariate analysis (MVA) is recommended as the QC tool for the botanical identification method (BIM) of herbs, extracts, herb materials, and herbal drug preparations. Microscopic methods, DNA profiling or chemical marker(s) are not recommended for use as the sole BIM due to the lack of specificity. Only markers that meet certain criteria i.e. quality active (QA) markers can be utilized as a QC tool. The limit specification range of markers used as QC tools should be described in the analytical target profile (ATP). To gain reliable results of any analysis that has been performed at any QC laboratory, the analysis method must be validated according to the newest guidance. Sample detection limit of any toxic compound(s) should be lower than its cut-off value and MPL. The reliability of any results of analysis of a QC laboratory must be evaluated by using QC-samples for each series of measurements.

scholarly journals A Review Study on the Effect of Iranian Herbal Medicines on Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Ebrahimie ◽  
Mahmoud Bahmani ◽  
Hedayatollah Shirzad ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei ◽  
Kourosh Saki
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

Addiction is a chronic and recurring disease that recurrence phenomenon is the most important challenge in treatment of this disease. Recent experiences have shown that synthetic drugs have undesirable side effects. Recent studies on medicinal plants have shown that they might be effective in treatment of different stages of addiction with lower side effects and costs. The aim of this study was to review the effects of medicinal plants in the treatment of morphine addiction in experimental animals. In this review article, by using keywords of morphine, withdrawal, and plants or herbal medicine in databases of indexing cites, desired articles were obtained since 1994. Inclusion criteria for selecting articles were the articles related to application of medicinal plants in decreasing symptoms resulting from morphine withdrawal were selected. Results of this study on experimental studies have shown that medicinal plants such as Trachyspermum copticum L and Melissa officinalis decrease the symptoms of withdrawal syndrome in a dose-dependent. Also, medicinal plants like Avena sativa, Hypericum perforatu, Passiflora incarnate, Valeriana officinalis, Satureja hortensis L, and Mentha piperita can have effects on behavior, emotions, and other problems of addicts, decreasing withdrawal symptoms. Results of this study showed that medicinal plants can be effective in controlling deprivation, decreasing dependency creation, and possibly detoxification of opioid addicts.

scholarly journals Control of elemental impurities in herbal medicines

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
A. P. Baula ◽  
Т. М. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Elemental Impurities

The standardisation of plant raw materials is among the most important problems of the production of herbal medicines. Medicinal plant raw materials are of complex nature and can be contaminated with impurity elements. Therefore, the content of elemental impurities typical for plants should be controlled in comparison with the existing conceptions of recommended or permitted daily exposures of human consumption of some chemical elements. The paper goal was to study the existing approaches in the world to the fixing of elemental impurity content in herbal medicines and comparative analysis of their permitted daily exposures. The following methods were used to implement the research goal: system approach, bibliographic and information search, statistical methods, as well as generalisation and analysis. The work is based on the analysis of documents of World Health Organisation and appropriate organisations of leading countries. The contents of 28 elements were shown to normalise in these documents. Depending on their toxicity and probability of ingress into drugs, the elements are divided into four classes. This approach creates a clear idea of the potential effects of elements on the human organism and also illustrates the sensitivity requirements for analytical methods to be used for elemental control. In medicinal plants as well as in plants that are used as food additives and spices, the content of the five most toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr) is fixed. For other impurities in medicinal plants, there are no universally recognised limit values in contrast to medicinal products. Therefore, when analysing the quality of herbal medicines, one should take into account permitted daily exposures of human consumption of individual chemical elements used for the quality control of foodstuff and drinking water as well as environmental protection.

scholarly journals Identification of Ephedra species by phylogenetic analyses using matK and ITS1 sequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sheng Zhao ◽  
Li Xia Xie ◽  
Fu Ying Mao ◽  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Wen Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

In this study, the species identifications of seven <em>Ephedra</em> plants, including three medicinal plants from the <em>Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China</em>, were conducted using phylogenetic analyses, and the method’s validity was verified. The phylogenetic trees constructed from the maturase-coding gene (<em>matK</em>) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (<em>ITS1</em>) sequences showed that the former could be used for identifying five <em>Ephedra</em> plants, <em>Ephedra intermedia</em>, <em>E. equisetina</em>, <em>E. antisyphilitica</em>, <em>E. major</em>, and <em>E. aphylla</em>, but it had less power to discriminate <em>E. sinica</em> and <em>E. przewalskii</em>, while the latter could distinguish five <em>Ephedra</em> plants, <em>E. przewalskii</em>, <em>E. equisetina</em>, <em>E. antisyphilitica</em>, <em>E. major</em>, and <em>E. aphylla</em>, but it had less power to discriminate <em>E. sinica</em> and <em>E. intermedia</em>. However, when the two genes were combined, the seven species could be completely distinguished from each other, especially the medicinal plants from the others, which is significant in developing their pharmaceutical uses and in performing quality control assessments of herbal medicines. The method presented here could be applied to the analysis of processed <em>Ephedra</em> plants and to the identification of the botanical origins of crude drugs. Additionally, we discovered that <em>E. equisetina</em> and <em>E. major</em> were probably closely related to each other, and that <em>E. sinica</em>, <em>E. intermedia</em>, and <em>E. przewalskii</em> also had a close genetic relationship.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Safety of Herbal Medicines in Yemen: A Call for Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alshakka ◽  
Wafa F. S. Badulla ◽  
Sara Alshagga ◽  
Nasser A. Awadh ◽  
Nisha Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Health And Well Being

Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain health and well-being is common in different countries. Despite the high prevalence of this activity in Yemen, there is neither proper regulation that controls the production, standardization, quality control and use nor an appropriate system for herbal pharmacovigilance in Yemen. Yemenis prefer to use herbs before resorting to allopathic medicines, sometimes in concomitant or alternative to the allopathic medication. Most people believe that herbs are safe, though there are many side effects associated with herbal medicines. For the safe and effective use of traditional herbal medication, there should be a regulation from the official authorities that controls their preparation, selling, quality control, production, and monitoring of the side effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated a guideline for monitoring herbal safety within the current pharmacovigilance framework. However, monitoring and reporting the adverse effects of allopathic medicines in Yemen are limited, and the situation is more complicated and challenging for herbal medicines. The present article highlighted the challenges and provided recommendations for the application of effective herbal pharmacovigilance.

Application of Some Herbal Medicine Used for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Chondrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Anvari ◽  
Hengameh Dortaj ◽  
Batool Hashemibeni ◽  
Majid Pourentezari
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and low back pain are very popular. The drugs available to treat these diseases are almost ineffective and have significant side effects. There are several approaches used to replace conventional drugs to treat these diseases. One of these methods is the use of herbal medicines. In this study, the effects of herbal medicines and medicinal plants used in the treatment of these diseases include. Searching for articles published in English from 1985 to 2020 using keywords include scientific and traditional names of plants reviewing Scopus and PubMed databases. There is limited research on the anti-rheumatic effects of these plants and the active ingredients. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the mechanism of action, the interaction of effects, the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants, and the potentially beneficial plant nutrients in treatment of these diseases seems necessary. The aim of this review was to update information on OA and chondrogenesis, also importance of herbal drugs for the management of arthritis.

scholarly journals Review on “Standardization an Imp Tool for Herbal Drug Development”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha Rathod ◽  
Raman R. Chandak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Multiple Chemical

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbal drugs in today’s medical practice although most of these applications are not scientific. Herbal medicines are not a simple task since many factors influence the biological efficacy and Reproducible therapeutic effect. So it is necessary to improve safety of herbal drugs by developing certain quality control parameters & by following the WHO guidelines for herbal medicines. This review seeks to enlighten the need to establish quality parameters for collection, handling, processing and production of herbal medicine as well as employ such parameters in ensuring the safety of the global herbal market. It is necessary to introduce measures on the regulation of herbal medicines to ensure quality, safety, efficacy of herbal medicines by using modern suitable standards & GMP. The processes of good quality assurance and standardization of herbal medicines and products using various spectroscopic, chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were also discussed. In fact, the research field of quality control of herbal medicines is really an interdisciplinary research. It needs crossover of chemistry, pharmacology, medicine and even statistics to provide a platform for the quality control of traditional herbal medicines and further to discover the novel therapeutics composed of multiple chemical compounds. Keywords: Herbal drugs, Adulteration, Standardization, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, HP-LC and GC-MS.

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