scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM CATFISH PONDS ON THE QUALITY OF SOIL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
O. E. OMOFUNMI ◽  
J. .K. ADEWUMI ◽  
A .F. ADISA ◽  
S. O. ALEGBELEYE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Catfish Ponds ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Site Control ◽  
Water Holding

The study was performed to examine catfish (Clarias gariepinus) effluents on the quality of soil in La-gos State, Nigeria. Five fish farms with highest stock density were selected for evaluation. The soil sampling was collected at 10 metres apart before the effluent discharged site; at the effluent dis-charged site; 10 metres after the effluent discharged site and Non-effluent discharged site (control) denoted as SA, SB, SC and SD respectively. Analysis of the required soil physical and chemical prop-erties were performed at 5 cm depth from 0 – 20 cm. Results showed that the effluents discharged site and Non-effluents discharged site indicated that they contained Temperature (26.5±0.1, 27.5±0.1 oC), pH ( 6.7±0.1, 6.2±0.1), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) (36.4±2.1, 21.4±1.2%), Organic carbon (10.8±0.1, 7.4±0.1 mg/kg), TN (26.4±2.2, 22.4±2.1 mg/kg), TP (7.3±0.1, 6.1±0.1 mg/kg), Potassium (3.4±0.1, 3.1±0.1 mg/kg), Calcium (9.5±0.1, 5.9±0.1 mg/kg), Sodium (1.6±0.1, 0.9±0.1 mg/kg), mag-nesium (8.8±0.1, 7.2±0.1 mg/kg), Zinc (3.3±0.1, 3.0±0.1 mg/kg), Iron (58.7±4.2, 55.8±3.2 mg/kg) and Manganese (23.6±2.3, 21.1±2.2 mg/kg) respectively and were significant different (p≥0.05). Both soil nutrients at the immediate environment of effluents discharged site were within critical range of soil fertility for arable crop production.

Biodegradability of single-use polypropylene-based face masks, littered during the COVID-19 pandemic – a first approach 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Knicker ◽  
Marta Velasco-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding

<p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused a massive use of disposable sanitary face masks. Based on data provided by Prata et al. (2020), we estimated that if only 0.1% of those masks are improperly discarded and enter the soil, approximately 361<sup></sup>t of polypropylene (PP) will be monthly added to the soil, threatening the ecological balance of terrestrial systems, the health of wild animals and even humans. For a first evaluation of the environmental consequences of the mask littering during COVID-19, we compared the microbial degradability of 10 x 10 mm cuts of the single masks layers and the complete mask blended with topsoil from a Cambisol of the Sierra de Aznalcóllar, Southern Spain with natural soil organic matter (SOM) by measuring the CO<sub>2</sub> release during a three-month decomposition experiment performed with a soil moisture of 75% of its maximal water holding capacity and at 25°C. In order to focus on biodegradation and to avoid abiotic impact of physical and chemical processes, the masks were not pretreated or exposed to UV-irradiation or natural daylight prior to decomposition. In addition, the incubation occurred in the dark. We identified an easily decomposable fraction with a mean residence time (MRT<sub>fast</sub>) of 2 to 3 days, releasing approximately 3 to 5% of the total mask carbon as CO<sub>2</sub>. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that all three layers of the mask were composed of PP without contributions of more than 2-3% of other additives. Microbial degradation resulted in a cut-off of terminal PP units as a main degradation mechanism. Assuming again that about 0.1% of the masks used during the COVID-19 crises may enter soil systems, we estimated that this fast pool may cause an additional CO<sub>2</sub> emission of 41 to 68 t year<sup>-1</sup>. This corresponds to the globally averaged annual CO<sub>2</sub>-footprint of 10 to 17 persons (4 t year<sup>-1</sup> person<sup>-1</sup>).  The slow turning fraction was mineralized with a rate constant of 0.05 to 0.14 year<sup>-1</sup> corresponding to a MRT<sub>slow</sub> between 7 and 18 years. This is two to four times longer than that determined for the SOM pure reference soil but still lies in the range reported for humified SOM derived from other topsoils of the Sierra de Aznalcóllar. Our results allow us to confirm our hypothesis that in soil, microbes exist that can decompose PP, although their nature still has to be revealed in future attempts. Studies investigating the impact of pre-exposure to daylight and moisture on their degradability in soils are in process.</p><p>Prata, J.C., Silva, A.L.P., Walker, T.R., Duarte, A.C., Rocha-Santos, T., 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54, 7760–7765. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02178</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Organik Tavukçulukta İçme Suyu Özellikleri, Beslemedeki Önemi ve Su Kalitesini Artırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Eleroğlu ◽  
Arda Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The source of water, the content and quality is very important used in every stage of poultry production. The birds must have continuous access and supply of quality water without any antibiotic and bacteriological residues. Sensory, physiochemical properties and chemical composition must be taken into consideration while assessing water quality. The quality of water used in the production of conventional or organic poultry has impacts on the poultry health, quality of products and human health. The impact of water quality is higher on the functionality of water in live organism and the consumption amount varies depending on many factors. A source of water which is used in organic production is also important with their characteristics. Different water sources may be used for animal consumption, such as springs, shallow wells, deep and artesian wells, lakes and creeks. Organic farms should regularly submit water samples to a laboratory for testing of water quality against the possibility of contamination of water sources. Water contaminants could create equipment problems and restrict the amount of water available for consumption therefore affects the quality of products. There are many aspects to the broad problems of water quality and different physical and chemical applications used to ensure sustainability of water quality for human and animal use. In this review, it will be focused on the quality of the water to be used in the organic poultry production and quality enhancing physical and chemical applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of chilled and frozen African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) fillets

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Marlena Justyna Baryczka ◽  
Iwona Chwastowska-Siwiecka ◽  
Jacek Kondratowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Water Holding

The quality of chilled and frozen African catfish fillets was compared. The experiment was performed on 20 individuals of Clarias gariepinus aged < 1 year, with estimated body weight of 1 kg. A total of 40 right and left fillets were subjected to pre-treatment. Chilled right fillets (20) and left fillets (20) stored for 8 months in the freezer were subjected to quantitative and qualitative laboratory analyses. Chilled African catfish fillets had a lower of moisture content, higher of total protein, fat and crude ash, and higher energy value than frozen samples. Chilled fillets had also higher water-holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher tenderness.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Ecochemical Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-136
Author(s):  
Sergey Olegovich Travin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Significant efforts of mankind and huge funds were spent to study the mechanisms of environmental processes. Recent decades have been marked by exponential growth of computer power and the accompanying decrease in the cost of computing. With regard to the mathematical modeling of physical and chemical processes that determine the quality of natural waters, atmosphere, and soil, this has led to the development of an extensive approach based on an increase in the number of components and reactions between them taken into consideration. In this chapter, the authors describe features of ecochemical systems and discuss the moments that complicates their prediction. Using the method of numerical experiment, they investigate the behavior of periodic systems with multiple stationary states. One conclusion is that the actual manifestation cannot be used to determine at what stage the impact occurred and to what stage of the food chain it relates. Another conclusion is that systems involving multiple stationary states are prone to bifurcations and chaotic jumps from one limit cycle to another.

Impact of Insufficient Cleaning on the Quality of Molybdenum Layer Applied by Thermal Spraying

2013 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Marián Bujna ◽  
Miroslav Prístavka ◽  
Pavol Kaplík
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Thermal spraying influences several physical and chemical properties of the coating surface. The most important of them are hardness, density, porosity, corrosion resistance and adhesion. This technology of surface treatment of material is often used for its high degree of hardness. Hardness and erosion resistance are the parameters that need to be achieved particularly in working conditions where there is excessive component wear. In this paper, we deal with the impact of purifying on the quality of molybdenum layer. Insufficient cleaning may result in a poor quality of the sprayed layer. Our aim is to measure and analyse the quality of molybdenum layer thickness applied by thermal spraying after insufficient cleaning.

scholarly journals Variations of physical and chemical parameters in hypertrophic pond within pig slurry application

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Andrea Ziková ◽  
Tomáš Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Pond Ecosystem ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

During the years 2001 and 2002 we conducted hydrochemical monitoring of intensively managed pond to evaluate the impact of high pig slurry doses on eutrophication. Pig slurry application was carried out in colder period of the year (February–April) via tube system with sludge pump from nearby piggery. Our results showed that pig slurry application do not permanently affect the water quality of Jarohněvický pond. When the correct application is made slurry is effectively utilized by biomass for the growth, which prevents surface and underground waters to be polluted as in the case of incorrect application on agricultural land.Critical point of this technology in terms of water management is the way of pig slurry application and the exact dose. Even extremely high slurry doses (16.1 kg . m−2 in 2001 and 15.6 kg . m−2 in 2002) used in Jarohněvický pond did not negatively affected pond ecosystem. Only higher amount of organisms that increased natural fish production was recorded. It is necessary to implement this ameliorative intervention in colder period of the year considering higher hazard of variations in decisive hydrochemical parameters at higher water temperature.

scholarly journals Use of Compost Products for Ornamental Crop Production: Research and Grower Experiences

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 698d-698
Author(s):  
George E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Edwin R. Duke ◽  
Kimberly A. Klock
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

Horticultural growing medium components must be selected with regard to their influence on properties such as cost, availability, ease of mixing, appearance, pH, nutrient levels, soluble salt levels, exchange capacity, aeration, particle size distribution, bulk density, water-holding capacity, and consistency. Over the past several decades, various types of compost products made from urban waste materials have been evaluated as components in horticultural growing mixes. The highest-quality compost products tested have frequently compared favorably with peat as one of the organic components in growing mixes. The lowest-quality compost materials tested have retarded plant growth and, in extreme cases, contributed to plant mortality. Occasionally, compost products that performed well in research trials did not prove to be satisfactory when used in commercial nursery crop production because of the lack of repeatable consistency between batches produced in large-scale municipal composting operations. One of the major reasons for the lack of consistency in compost quality is the highly variable nature of organic feedstocks accepted by many large-scale composting operations. The highest-quality composts tend to be produced in composting operations in which facility management decisions are made with consideration on their impact on the economic, physical, and chemical parameters of the end product.

scholarly journals Determination of water quality, trace elements contamination in Oreochomis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus reared in 2 types of ponds and health risk assessment in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sandrine Bouelet Ntsama ◽  
Betrand Ayuk Tambe ◽  
Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue ◽  
Guy Pouokam ◽  
Hélène Claudia Mentho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Earthen Ponds ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Abstract Background: Fish farming in Cameroon is growing very rapidly and fish available in the markets is mostly coming from fish farms, but domestic fish production is still low to meet demand. Intensification of production could lead to the occurrence of various types of contaminants that can affect the sanitary quality of farmed fish and consumer health. This study aimed to assess the quality of farmed fish collected in fish farms located in four regions of Cameroon (Center, South, West, Littoral).Results: Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, cobalt, and nickel were determined in pond water and muscles of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus raised in concrete and earthen ponds to evaluate health risk for consumers. Trace elements were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Heavy metals in water for concrete and earthen ponds shows there are no significant differences (p<0.05) between the rearing systems except for cobalt and nickel. Heavy metals concentrations in water were lower when compared to the WHO recommended limits except for cadmium in all the ponds. For concrete ponds, heavy metal concentrations decreased in water in the sequence of Cd > As > Co > Ni > Cr > Pb. For earthen ponds the concentrations decreased as Cd > Co > As > Ni > Cr > Pb.Conclusion: Concentrations recorded in the muscles of the 2 species were above the safety limits recommended by FAO/WHO. The target hazard quotient of As was highest compared to other metals and higher than the acceptable limits according to US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines in all fish species. the level of each investigated metal, highlighted a very low health risk for consumers.

Evaluation of the Impact of Wastewater Generated From Catfish Ponds on the Quality of Soil in Lagos, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
O Omofunmi ◽  
J Adewumi ◽  
A Adisa ◽  
S Alegbeleye
Keyword(s):  
Catfish Ponds ◽  
The Impact

Evaluating the impact of ponds in sustaining crop production: a case of Zhanghe irrigation system in China

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Mushtaq ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Mohsin Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
The Impact

Ponds are small reservoirs located in irrigated areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals and conserve water from other sources. These ponds allow the users to obtain water on-demand providing built-in flexibility by storing water close to water users. Though ponds have been used widely in irrigated areas for many years, a recent increase in the construction of ponds because of growing water shortages and government policies are placing greater need on understanding their role in sustaining crop production. We evaluated the impact of ponds in sustaining agricultural production, specifically the impact of ponds on cost of irrigation, crop area and production. Multivariate regression models were developed to assess the impact of ponds. The results of an assessment of the impact of access to pond water indicated that it reduces the total cost of irrigation. However, the effect is not statistically significant, whereas access to pond water had some positive but non significant impact on rice area and yield. The results did not show any significant increase in yield and rice area because of the similar quality of ponds and the ZIS canal water; the ZIS contributes around 20% to pond water. However, comparing yield using pond water and rainfed agriculture may show a significant impact of pond water. We envision that ponds will continue to play vital roles in sustaining agricultural production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document