scholarly journals The effect of heavy metal composition on the performance of sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbant in water treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nokulunga Priscilla Buthelezi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
System Components ◽  
Percentage Removal

Wastewater produced by the industries is potentially harmful to the ecosystem because of various contaminants like heavy metals that find their way into soil and water supplies. Industrial waste constitutes different kinds of metal which contaminate natural water. Heavy metals can build up in the environment and enter living organisms through chain elements such as the food chain and therefore, pose a major health risk to living organisms. The situation has been worsened by the absence of broadly accepted heavy metal treatment techniques, thus this challenge continues to receive considerable attention from stakeholders including scientists and researchers. While many technologies have been proposed such as reverse osmosis, flocculation, ion exchange and so on and so forth, they continue to suffer from a number of drawbacks including generation of secondary wastes and cost ineffectiveness. Thus, in the present study, adsorption was chosen as a cost effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly treatment process. Sugar cane milling production produces a lot of sugar cane bagasse which is considered as environmental waste if not disposed properly. It is imperative to remove heavy metals from polluted water before discharging it into the environment, rivers and lakes using sustainable techniques. Heavy metal removal from wastewater using low-cost adsorbents like sugarcane bagasse addresses two problems: removal of pollutants from water and utilization of agricultural waste. This study evaluated the performance of sugarcane bagasse in the removal of heavy metals. Sugarcane bagasse was characterized to determine the functional groups, the porosity and surface area, crystallinity and morphology using FTIR, SEM and XRD. One factor at a time (OFAT) approach was used to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on the removal of heavy metal ions. A 3-system component of the stock solution of synthesized wastewater namely single, binary and ternary were studied. The 3 metal ions evaluated were Copper, Chromium and Cadmium. The factors considered in the OFAT design of experiments were contact time (30-240 mins), adsorbent dosage (5-30g/L), initial concentration (50-500 mg/L), pH(2-9), and particle size (75-600 μm). It was observed that all adsorption parameters had an effect on the adsorption rate. However, an adsorption dosage had a greater impact on the adsorption rate. An increase in the adsorption dosage from (5-20 g) showed that the percentage removal efficiency for chromium, copper and cadmium increased from (40-72%, 44-75% and 39-59%) in a single metal system. In addition, the percentage removal increased from (34-62% for chromium, 47- 78% for copper, and 34-62% for cadmium) in a binary metal system. Furthermore, the percentage removal increased from (38-52%, 40-59% and 24-43%) for chromium, copper, and cadmium in a ternary metal system. Adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined using the optimal operating parameters obtained from the OFAT design of experiments. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the adsorption data. The OFAT design of experiments resulted in producing the optimum conditions for adsorption. The optimum conditions for maximum adsorption were, contact time (180 mins), initial concentration (50 mg/L), pH (7), dosage (20 g), particle size (340-450 μm) and a mixing speed of 150 rpm. Adsorption capacities differed between the 3 system components. Maximum adsorption capacities of 38.41 mg/L were registered for copper ions and was recorded for the single component system. Stock solutions containing copper ions registered the highest adsorption capacity. There was a significant decrease in the maximum adsorption capacities for copper ions of the binary and ternary system components which were 21.45 mg/L and 1.237 mg/L respectively. This was attributed to the co-metal ion dependence in both the binary and ternary system components. In conclusion, the study showed that sugarcane bagasse can be used as an adsorbent in the efficient removal of heavy metal ions present in wastewater.

SORPTION MATERIALS BASED ON ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS PEAT AND BROWN COAL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM IONS OF HEAVY METAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Pershay ◽  
Yuriy G. Yanuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble

The problem of environmental pollution with heavy metals is relevant for the Republic of Belarus. One of the ways to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater is to treat them with sorbents. Sorbents based on peat and brown coal are effective and inexpensive, but their use leads to secondary contamination of the treated environment with water-soluble organic compounds. It is shown that the developed sorption materials based on peat and brown coal residues sorb heavy metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc) and do not pollute the treated medium with water-soluble organic compounds (the COС value of sorption materials does not exceed 5 mg O2/dm3). It was found that the exchange capacity of sorption materials in an acidic medium (pH 2.0) is higher than that of humic acids and is in the range of 0.17–1.38 mmol/g. The use of ultrasonic treatment to increase the exchange capacity of sorption materials makes it possible to increase it by 2.3–3.0 times for copper ions and 2.2 times for zinc ions, which is due to the destruction of large aggregates. The obtained results formed the basis for the development of a technology for obtaining sorption materials for wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions.

scholarly journals Applicability of the modified diatomite for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Dmitry Boriskov ◽  
Sanya Efremova ◽  
Nadezhda Komarova ◽  
Elena Tikhomirova ◽  
Aleksey Bodrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Modified Sorbents

The paper studies various modifications of diatomite, aiming at creating sorbents for wastewater purification from heavy metal ions. Diatomite of the Akhmatovskoe deposit of the Penza region was considered as a raw material. The processes of physical and chemical modification of diatomite were investigated. Adsorption isotherms were constructed, quantitative characteristics of adsorption of copper ions on the surface of modified sorbents were obtained. A chemical modification (acidic and alkaline) is proposed, which results in an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. The applicability of diatomite for the purification of highly concentrated wastewater containing heavy metals is shown.

scholarly journals Single and Binary Adsorption Behaviour and Mechanisms of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ onto Modified Biochar in Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Liwen Zheng ◽  
Yongchao Gao ◽  
Jianhua Du ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Yujie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

The chitosan–EDTA modified magnetic biochar (E–CMBC) was successfully used as a novel adsorbent to remove heavy metals. The adsorption behaviour and mechanisms of E–CMBC to Cd2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were performed in single and binary system in aqueous solutions. In single–metal system, the adsorption process of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ on E–CMBC fitted well with the Avrami fractional–order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The measured maximum adsorption capacities were 61.08 mg g−1, 48.36 mg g−1 and 41.17 mg g−1 for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+, respectively. In binary–metal system, coexisting ions have obvious competitive adsorption behaviour on E–CMBC when the concentration of heavy meal beyond 20 mg L−1. The maximum adsorption capacities of the heavy metals were found to be lower than that in single–metal system. The order of the competitive adsorption ability was Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+. Interestingly, in Cd2+–Cu2+ system the earlier adsorbed Cd2+ could be completely replaced by Cu2+ from the solution. Different competitive adsorption ability of those heavy metal were due to the characteristics of heavy metal and resultant affinity of the adsorption sites on E–CMBC. The adsorption mechanism indicated that chemical adsorption played a dominating role. Therefore, E–CMBC could be a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Use of agro-waste (Musa paradisiaca peels) as a sustainable biosorbent for toxic metal ions removal from contaminated water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

A study of removal of heavy metal ions from heavy metal contaminated water using agro-waste was carried out with Musa paradisiaca peels as test adsorbent. The study was carried by adding known quantities of lead (II) ions and cadmium (II) ions each and respectively into specific volume of water and adding specific dose of the test adsorbent into the heavy metal ion solution, and the mixture was agitated for a specific period of time and then the concentration of the metal ion remaining in the solution was determined with Perkin Elmer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 2380. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were considered. From the effect of contact time results equilibrium concentration was established at 60minutes. The percentage removal of these metal ions studied, were all above 90%. Adsorption and percentage removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from their aqueous solutions were affected by change in initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed the adsorption of the metal ions on the test adsorbent with good mathematical fits into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Regression correlation (R2) values of the isotherm plots are all positive (>0.9), which suggests too, that the adsorption fitted into the isotherms considered.

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Low-Grade Metakaolins and Natural Zeolite on Compressive Strength and Heavy Metal Adsorption of Geopolymers

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Alcina Johnson Sudagar ◽  
Slávka Andrejkovičová ◽  
Fernando Rocha ◽  
Carla Patinha ◽  
Maria R. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heavy Metal Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Metakaolins (MKs) prepared from low-grade kaolins located in the Alvarães (A) and Barqueiros (B) regions of Portugal were used as the aluminosilicate source to compare their effect on the compressive strength and heavy metal adsorption of geopolymers. Natural zeolite, an inexpensive, efficient adsorbent, was used as an additive in formulations to enhance geopolymers’ adsorption capacities and reduce MK utilization’s environmental footprint. Geopolymers were synthesized with the replacement of MK by zeolite up to 75 wt.% (A25, B25—25% MK 75% zeolite; A50, B50—50% MK 50% zeolite; A75, B75—75% MK 25% zeolite; A100, B100—100% MK). The molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 were kept at 1 to reduce the sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide environmental impact. Geopolymers’ crystallography was identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy to understand the effect of zeolite incorporation. Chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy yielded information about the geopolymers’ Si/Al ratio. Compressive strength values of geopolymers obtained after 1, 14, and 28 days of curing indicate high strengths of geopolymers with 100% MK (A100—15.4 MPa; B100—32.46 MPa). Therefore, zeolite did not aid in the improvement of the compressive strength of both MK-based geopolymers. The heavy metal (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) adsorption tests exhibit relatively higher adsorption capacities of Barqueiros MK-based geopolymers for all the heavy metals except Cd2+. Moreover, zeolite positively influenced divalent cations’ adsorption on the geopolymers produced from Barqueiros MK as B75 exhibits the highest adsorption capacities, but such an influence is not observed for Alvarães MK-based geopolymers. The general trend of adsorption of the heavy metals of both MK-based geopolymers is Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cr3+ when fitted by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The MK and zeolite characteristics influence geopolymers’ structure, strength, and adsorption capacities.

scholarly journals Recent developments in materials used for the removal of metal ions from acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo M. Mokgehle ◽  
Nikita T. Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Ion Imprinted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Imprinted Polymers

AbstractAcid mine drainage is the reaction of surface water with sub-surface water located on sulfur bearing rocks, resulting in sulfuric acid. These highly acidic conditions result in leaching of non-biodegradeable heavy metals from rock which then accumulate in flora, posing a significant environmental hazard. Hence, reliable, cost effective remediation techniques are continuously sought after by researchers. A range of materials were examined as adsorbents in the extraction of heavy metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD). However, these materials generally have moderate to poor adsorption capacities. To address this problem, researchers have recently turned to nano-sized materials to enhance the surface area of the adsorbent when in contact with the heavy metal solution. Lately, there have been developments in studying the surface chemistry of nano-engineered materials during adsorption, which involved alterations in the physical and chemical make-up of nanomaterials. The resultant surface engineered nanomaterials have been proven to show rapid adsorption rates and remarkable adsorption capacities for removal of a wide range of heavy metal contaminants in AMD compared to the unmodified nanomaterials. A brief overview of zeolites as adsorbents and the developent of nanosorbents to modernly applied magnetic sorbents and ion imprinted polymers will be discussed. This work provides researchers with thorough insight into the adsorption mechanism and performance of nanosorbents, and finds common ground between the past, present and future of these versatile materials.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Rutba City

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
A W Abd Byty ◽  
M A Gharbi ◽  
A H Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Guideline Values

Abstract Toxic metal pollutants in groundwater should be identified to prevent future health risks. In this paper, the presence of heavy metals in groundwater in the western region of Iraq was investigated. The heavy metals concentrations, including Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, As3+ and Hg2+ were explored in twenty selected aquifers near Rutba City and the results were presented as spatial distribution maps. Findings indicate that contamination with the investigated heavy metal ions possesses a serious threat to the study area’s groundwater quality when compared to WHO and IEPA guideline values. Thus, a new approach to remove or adsorb heavy metal ions can be developed for large-scale production and the safe use of these aquifers water. Results revealed that the highest concentrations in mg/L1 of 2.312 in w19, 1.098 in w2, 5.78 in w17, 0.292 in w9, 3.349 in w5, 0.32 in w13, 0.074 in w11 and 5.622 in w1 for Zn2+, Cr3+, As3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ were recorded, respectively.

scholarly journals The Influence of Heavy Metal Ions on the Viability and Metabolic Enzyme Activity of the Marbled Crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Marenkov ◽  
Mykola V. Prychepa ◽  
Julia Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

In the experiment with marbled crayfishProcambarusvirginalis(Lyko, 2017), chronic effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained results showed that among the investigated heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. According to the results of the research, significant changes were noted in the individual biochemical parameters of marbled crayfish under the influence of manganese, lead and nickel ions. The most significant changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were detected in muscle tissues affected by manganese and nickel ions. A significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle of marbled crayfish was determined after the action of heavy metal ions. Investigation of changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase under the influence of the ions of manganese, lead and nickel has its own characteristics, which indicates certain violations in the tissues of cell membranes. Changes in the activity of enzymes were also reflected in the overall protein content. Changes in these parameters may indicate a rapid biochemical response of crustaceans to the toxic effects of heavy metals.

Research Progress in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water via Bio-Sorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Sorption Method

Bio-absorption has an unparalleled advantage over other traditional methods in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from waste water. Consequently, it has a promising future. In this paper, the traditional methods and the bio-sorption method via which heavy metals are removed from waste water are compared to summarize the mechanism of bio-sorption, the types of bio-sorbent, the factors that can influence bio-sorption and the state of its application in waste water treatment .

scholarly journals A systematic study for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media using Sorghum bicolor: an efficient biosorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 2355-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalida Naseem ◽  
Zahoor H. Farooqi ◽  
Muhammad Z. Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad A. Ur Rehman ◽  
Robina Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Abstract This review is based on the adsorption characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. Different parameters like pH, temperature of the medium, sorghum concentration, sorghum particle size, contact time, stirring speed and heavy metal concentration control the adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass for heavy metal ions. Sorghum biomass showed maximum efficiency for removal of heavy metal ions in the pH range of 5 to 6. It is an agricultural waste and is regarded as the cheapest biosorbent, having high adsorption capacity for heavy metals as compared to other reported adsorbents, for the treatment of heavy metal polluted wastewater. Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto sorghum biomass follows pseudo second order kinetics. Best fitted adsorption isotherm models for removal of heavy metal ions on sorghum biomass are Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Thermodynamic aspects of heavy metal ions adsorption onto sorghum biomass have also been elaborated in this review article. How adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass can be improved by different physical and chemical treatments in future has also been elaborated. This review article will be highly useful for researchers working in the field of water treatment via biosorption processing. The quantitative demonstrated efficiency of sorghum biomass for various heavy metal ions has also been highlighted in different sections of this review article.

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