scholarly journals SCREENING OF VEGETABLE POWDERS USED AS A BIO-INSECTICIDE AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS F. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimad Allali ◽  
Sanae Rezouki ◽  
Bouchra Louasté ◽  
Touati Najat ◽  
Noureddine Eloutassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Origanum Compactum ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Control Insect

The beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F. 1775) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a destructive pest of stored chickpea seeds. Bio-pesticides are pesticides of animal, plant and bacterial origin. Plant products are among the best known substances tested against insects. These products have an insecticidal and repellent effect on insects and can also affect certain biological parameters such as fecundity, life span and reproduction. In search of plant bio-pesticides to control Callosobruchus maculatus main pest of stored chickpea seeds, 18 plants traditionally used in Morocco to control insect pests have been tested in the laboratory, for their toxic effects against this beetle. A conventional synthetic insecticide was included as a positive control, while untreated seed was used as a control. The toxicity of the powders was assessed by measuring the parameters of the life cycle in a situation of non-choice maintained at a climatic chamber with a temperature of 25 ±1 degrees Celsius, a relative humidity of 75% and a photoperiod of 14h (light) / 10h (darkness) for several successive generations. The powders of Mentha pulegium and Syzygium aromaticum have completely wiped out the population of the bruches (% IR=100%) 2%, 1% and 0.5% p/p. Similarly, the powders of the two plants retained the weights of the seeds, which remain significantly different (P < 0.01) at the weight of the control. Also Origanum compactum , Mentha officinalis, Allium sativum Zingiber officinale, Urtica doica and Calamintha officinalis have significantly reduced (P < - 0.01) the population of bruches, the percentage reduction reached (97.5, 89.32, 72.84, 50.3, 46.52 and 39.24% by the highest 2%). The other plants show no significant difference from the control. The results therefore suggest that Syzygium aromaticum powder and Mentha pulegium have an insecticide potential similar to those of conventional insecticides and could be a biotechnological alternative against C. maculatus infestations and damag

scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum (CLOVE) EFFECT ON CATALASE ACTIVITY DUE TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT LIVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ani Retno Prijanti ◽  
AA Hawali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Clove is known as antioxidant spice that used in cigarettes, spice for food/soup, and traditional medicine. It is believed that clove could protect smokers from cigarette-free radicals. Otherwise, study on clove as an antioxidant was still confused.Objective: To reveal that clove can overcome carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) and its free radical derivesMethod:  This study was an experimental research, using 20 Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups, Group 1 (CCl4 + cloves 3), group 2 (CCl4 + cloves 1), group 3 (normal control, without being offered treatment), group 4 (positive control, induced by CCl4 and followed by 100 mg alpha-tocopherol), and group 5 (negative control, only induced by CCl4). Rat livers were homogenized and followed with CAT activity measurement using spectrophotometry method of Mates.Results: There was a significant difference in mean between the groups (p= 0,001). Further test, the Post Hoc showed that there is a significance different between group 1 and 4 (p=0.008), 1 and 5 (p=0.001), 2 and 5 (p=0.001), 3 and 5 (p=0.001), and 4 and 5 (p=0.007). Group 1 (CCl4+Clove3) has the highest catalase activity.Conclusion: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oral administration with the dose of 200 mg/kg rat body weight against 0.55 mg/kgBW CCl4 show increased of catalase activity but did not overcome the oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Effect of Partitioned Extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepernick & Timler on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gbate ◽  
Olufemi Michael Ashamo ◽  
Akinwande Lawrence Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Crude Powder

Botanicals have become the focus for discovery of novel bioinsecticides for protection of crops most especially because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, target organism specificity and environmental friendliness. Partitioned extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides were investigated for biopesticidal effect on Callosobruchus maculatus with aim of identifying the most active components and increase ease of handling when compared to bulk crude plant material used by farmers. Crude powder of rootbark of Z. zanthoxyloides was made as well as partitioned extracts using Kupchan partition extraction methods with methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Analysis of the rootbark of the plant showed 19.87% ash content, 24% crude protein, 24.85% crude fibre, 3.13% oil extract, 15.42mg/100g alkaloids, 45.90mg/100g tannins, 1039.14mg/100g saponins, 26.47mg/100g flavonoids, 150.0mg/100g iron, 244.70mg/100g calcium, 36.65mg/100g magnesium, 449.00mg/100g potassium and 128.30mg/100g of phosphorus. The crude powder and extracts were bioassayed on C. maculatus in stored cowpea. Insecticidal activities of the partitioned extracts increased with increasing concentration; toxicity test revealed that n-hexane at 1%, 2% and 3%, acetone extract at 3%, and crude powder at 1.5g all have same effect on the insect as the positive control, achieving 100% mortality at 24 hours post treatment, number of adult emergence of 63.57 was recorded with 1% methanol extract against 28 in 3% of the extract. There was a significant difference in weight loss by the cowpea in the different fractional treatments while positive and negative controls also differed significantly (P>0.05) with all the partitioned treatments. Partition extracts from Z. zanthoxyloides were more bioactive than the crude powder, and n-hexane fractions contain the most active compounds against C. maculatus. n-hexane extract contain most active biomolecules to be explored for bioinsecticide formulation with high potency for development of new biopesticide, eliminate toxic components and increase ease of handling when compared to bulk crude plant material used by farmers.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants for controlling insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
N Subekti ◽  
M A Syahadan ◽  
R R Milanio
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Application Identification ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Control Insect ◽  
Pholcus Phalangioides

Abstract Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodities. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. The highest mortality was in the group of test insects L. serricorne, which indicated that phostoxin fumigants effectively controlling barn insect pests, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of fumigant storin to control insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
N Subekti ◽  
M A Syahadan ◽  
R R Milanio
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Application Identification ◽  
The One ◽  
Test Insect ◽  
Insect Group ◽  
Control Insect ◽  
Pholcus Phalangioides

Abstract Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodity. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the use of fumigant storin to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. Mortality is highest in the L. serricorne test insect group, which indicates that fumigant storin is very effective in controlling barn pest insects, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

Isolation of an Anti-fatigue Preparation from Cellulase-treated Maca by Hydroalcoholic Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Zhang Wen-Cheng ◽  
Wu Ze-Yu ◽  
Fu Chuan-Xiang ◽  
Gao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of maca hydroalcoholic extract (ME), which mainly contains macamides and polysaccharides. ME was prepared by circumfluence extraction with enzymatic pre-treatment. Anti-fatigue activity of ME was investigated in weight-loaded forced swimming mice, with pure macamides and commercially available maca tablet as positive control. Compared with normal group, pure macamides treatment group could prolong the swimming time to exhaustion, but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); while ME (middle-dose and high-dose groups) could effectively prolong the swimming durations (P < 0.05). Supplementation with pure macamides significantly decreased blood lactic acid (BLA), whereas ME significantly increased hepatic glycogen (HG), decreased BLA, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with those in normal control (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of ME was better than that of pure macamides, which can be explained by the increase of glycogen storage and the reduction of metabolites accumulation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-050
Author(s):  
Alireza Taghdisi ◽  
Sajjad Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens. Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.

Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S45-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Kim ◽  
J Rimmer ◽  
N Mrad ◽  
S Ahmadzada ◽  
R J Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinonasal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beat

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the effect of Betadine on ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells.Methods:Epithelial cells from human sinonasal mucosa were cultured at the air–liquid interface. The cultures were tested with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing 10 mM HEPES (control), 100 µM ATP (positive control), 5 per cent Betadine or 10 per cent Betadine (clinical dose). Ciliary beat frequency was analysed using a high-speed camera on a computer imaging system.Results:Undiluted 10 per cent Betadine (n = 6) decreased the proportion of actively beating cilia over 1 minute (p < 0.01). Ciliary beat frequency decreased from 11.15 ± 4.64 Hz to no detectable activity. The result was similar with 5 per cent Betadine (n = 7), with no significant difference compared with the 10 per cent solution findings.Conclusion:Betadine, at either 5 and 10 per cent, was ciliotoxic. Caution should be applied to the use of topical Betadine solution on the respiratory mucosal surface.

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