Evaluation of Vaginal Discharge and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Women aged 15-49 living in TRNC

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (RPM) is defined by rupture of the amnion and chorion before entering labor within 24 hours leading to vaginal discharge of amniotic fluid without uterine contractions. Objective of this study was to improving the management of premature Ruptures of the membranes received in the service.Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical prospective study lasting six months from January 1 to June 30 2016.Results: During the study period, we collected 108 cases of RPM out of 1543 deliveries, representing a hospital frequency of 7%. RPM had more frequently concerned pregnant women aged 25-29 (37.04%), housewife (37.03%), primiparous (45.37%) and referral (52.78%). 95.37% were single pregnancies with cephalic presentation (80%) received between 37-42 weeks (84.26%). Management mainly consisted of antibiotic prophylaxis (100%), fetal pulmonary maturation and childbirth. The vagina was the main mode of delivery (62.04%). The maternal prognosis was dominated by chorioamnionitis (12.96%). The fetal one was made up of respiratory distress (40.71%) and prematurity (12.39%).Conclusions: RPM is frequent at the Matam municipal medical center. It is essential for its prevention to ensure health education of the population in general and genital hygiene in particular, to make a coherent prenatal follow-up while putting a particular accent on the detection and the treatment of genital infections.

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Pap smear in women with leucorrhea : Experience in a tertiary medical college hospital of Bangladesh

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v9i1.35921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 252-254

Author(s):

Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman ◽

Shabnam Imam ◽

Mst Sayedatun Nessa ◽

Joyosree Saha ◽

Farhana Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Low Grade ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Epithelial Lesions ◽

Genital Hygiene ◽

Epithelial Lesion

Background : Poor genital hygiene has been responsible for high prevalence of excessive vaginal discharge. Leucorrhoea is the clinical evidence of infection and can be treated satisfactorily whenever diagnosed. Occurrence of various cervical epithelial lesion associated with discharge can be easily prevented if detected early. Majority of the patients with various cervical epithelial lesion attending in the hospital present with varying degree of vaginal discharge and cytological cellular aberrations in the cervical epithelium.Objective : The aim of the present study is to observe the various patterns of cervical epithelial lesions in cytopathology and associated infections in patients with Leucorrhoea.Methodology : This observational study was done over a period of ten months in Popular Medical college hospitals of Bangladesh. A total of 230 cases were included in the study with women of age range 15-45 years, complaining of leucorrhoea. After a thorough vaginal examination Pap smears were taken and immediately fixed in absolute alcohol and stained according to the papanicolaous technique. The cytopathological changes observed in the cervical smears were graded according to the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology.Results : Out of 230 cases the cytological patterns were found Normal in 4 (1.7%), Inflammatory 204 (88.3%), Low grade squamous intraepithelial (LSIL)10 (4.8%), High grade squamous intraepithelial (HSIL) 6(2.6%), Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 6 (2.6%) and the distribution of different types of pathogens detected were Trichomonas 33 (70.62%), Candida albicans 19 (40.66%).Conclusion : In this study significant numbers of Leucorrhoea patients were detected with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in which LSIL (Low grade squamous intraepithelial) was higher. Associated infections were Trichomonas and Candida albicans. Therefore cytological screening for early detection of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion is essential routine medical examination for Leucorrhoea patients in gynaecological practice.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(1) July 2017: 252-254

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN GENITALIA EKSTERNA DENGAN KEJADIAN KEPUTIHAN PATOLOGIS PADA SISWI DI SMA NEGERI 1 MANADO

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.2.2.2014.5708 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Arianto Tombokan ◽

Jhon Wantania ◽

Freddy Wagey

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Research Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dirty Water ◽

The World ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Genital Hygiene

Abstract: All women may experience vaginal discharge according to the data on women’s reproductive health research shows 75 % of women in the world would suffer from vaginal discharge, at least once in her life. Bad attitude in maintaining genital hygiene, such as washing with dirty water, wear rinse excessively, use pants that do not absorb sweat, change underwear rarely, change pads rarely can trigger the onset of the infection that causes vaginal discharge. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of the level of the knowledge and attitude of maintaining the external genitalia with pathological vaginal discharge event on schoolgirl in SMA Negeri 1 Manado on 2012. Methods: The type of this research is observational analytic studies with cross sectional design. Subject of this research is 106 class XII schoolgirl of SMA Negeri 1 Manado 2012 – 2013. Data were collected by questionnaires which have been tested. Results: Schoolgirl who have had vaginal discharge is obtained as 35,8 % and who haven’t as 64,2 %. Knowledge of schoolgirl who have had vaginal discharge 24,6 % included in good category and on schoolgirl who haven’t had vaginal discharge 75,4 % included in good category. Attitude of schoolgirl who have had vaginal discharge 29,6 % included in supportive category and of schoolgirl who haven’t had vaginal discharge 70,4 % included in supportive category. Conclusion: According to the result of the research, knowledge and attitude of maintaining the cleanliness of the external genitalia are related with pathological vaginal discharge events. Bad knowledge about maintaining the cleanliness of the external genitalia increase the risk of experiencing vaginal discharge by 2,304 times. Meanwhile, attitude that does not support manitaining cleanliness of the external genitalia increase the risk of experiencing vaginal discharge by 1,89 times. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, pathological vaginal discharge. Abstrak: Semua wanita dapat mengalami keputihan berdasarkan data penelitian tentang kesehatan reproduksi wanita menunjukan 75% wanita didunia pasti menderita keputihan, paling tidak sekali dalam hidupnya. Sikap buruk dalam menjaga kebersihan genitalia, seperti mencucinya dengan air kotor, memakai pembilas secara berlebihan, menggunakan celana yang tidak menyerap keringat, jarang mengganti celana dalam, tak sering mengganti pembalut dapat menjadi pencetus timbulnya infeksi yang menyebabkan keputihan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap menjaga kebersihan genitalia eksterna dengan kejadian keputihan patologis pada siswi di SMA Negeri 1 Manado tahun 2012. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 106 siswi kelas XII SMA Negeri 1 Manado periode 2012-2013. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner yang telah diuji cobakan. Hasil: Siswi yang pernah mengalami keputihan didapatkan sebanyak 35,8 % dan yang tidak pernah 64,2 %. Pengetahuan siswi yang pernah mengalami keputihan 24,6 % masuk dalam kategori baik dan pada siswi yang tidak pernah mengalami keputihan 75,4 % masuk dalam kategori baik. Sikap siswi yang mengalami keputihan 29,6 % masuk dalam kategori mendukung dan pada siswi yang tidak pernah mengalami keputihan 70,4 % masuk dalam kategori mendukung. Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengetahuan dan sikap menjaga kebersihan genitalia eksterna berhubungan dengan kejadian keputihan patologis. Pengetahuan buruk mengenai kebersihan genitalia eksterna meningkatkan resiko mengalami keputihan sebesar 2,304 kali. Sementara itu, sikap yang tidak mendukung menjaga kebersihan genitalia eksterna meningkatkan resiko mengalami keputihan sebesar 1,89 kali. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, keputihan patologis.

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Incidence of various causes of vaginal discharge based on simple laboratory methods on OPD bases in pregnant & nonpregnant women of 11-60 year age group

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/july2013/120 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 352-354

Author(s):

Dr. Niralee S. Mahakal ◽

◽

Dr. Avanita D. Solanki ◽

Dr. Neela Patel ◽

Dr. Rikeeta S. Deshmukh

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Age Group ◽

Laboratory Methods

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Reasoning of medical tactics at the preconception in patients with a history of miscarriage and abnormal vaginal discharge

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.112.52 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

N.V. Schuruk ◽

◽

V.I. Pyrohova ◽

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Patient Survey ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Genital Infections ◽

Reproductive Losses ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽

Complicated Pregnancy

The objective: evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the drug complex hinekit during preconception preparation for women with complicated pregnancy loss history and uncomplicated mixed genital infections. Patients and methods. The study involved 65 women with reproductive losses in history, who turned over the abnormal vaginal discharge. Diagnosis of sexual transmitted infections (C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, HSV-II, HPV), assessment of vaginal microbiota was performed by PCR with detection results in real time. Bacterial Vaginosis verified by the Amsel system. Results. All the examinees in the history have miscarriage in the first (56.9%) or the second (43.1%) trimester of pregnancy. According to the results of the patient survey were divided into clinical groups. In 26.2% of women infectious pathology of the lower genital tract has not been confirmed, 26.2% of patients did not give consent to participate in the study and were formed in the control group that received therapy according to existing clinical settings. 31 patients with mixed genital infection (study group) received complex preparation gіnekit. This positive trend was observed in all the patients of the main group (the disappearance of subjective sensations on average 2.2±0.3 hours). After treatment T. vaginalis, BV were not detected in one patient, active mycotic process in the absence of complaints remained at 4.8% of women, complete eradication of C. trachomatis was achieved in 92.3% of patients. Conclusions. Reducing the duration of treatment of mixed genital infections at the preconception in women with reproductive losses in the history is achieved in terms of clinical, microbiological and pharmaco-economic benefits by prescribtion an gіnekit preparation. Summary of clinical and microbiological effects of the proposed approach is 96.0 ± 0.9%, which corresponds to all requirements for multimodal therapy of genital infections, and no side effects, short course of treatment provides a high compliance of patients (9.2±0.7 points). Key words: mixed genital infections, miscarriages, gіnekit, azithromycin, fluconazole, seknidazol.

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Laboratory evaluation of the etiology of pathological vaginal dischurge

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2019.140.64 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

O.A. Burka ◽

◽

T.M. Tutchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Aerobic Vaginitis ◽

Laboratory Confirmation ◽

Vaginal Secretions

Pathological vaginal discharge is one of the most common complaints in women of all ages. Today, gynecologists are increasingly faced with a problem when, in the absence of laboratory confirmation of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and STIs, women complain of discomfort caused by vaginal secretions. Causes of pathological vaginal discharge can be infectious and non-infectious processes and their combinations. The article analyzes the causes of the difficulties of diagnosing the of pathological vaginal discharge ethiology, demonstrates how the application of adequate volume of modern laboratory diagnostic methods in combination with understanding the multifaceted components of the inflammatory process plays crucial role in finding out the etiology of pathological vaginal secretions and the choice of optimal therapeutic tactics. Key words: pathological vaginal dischurge, vaginal microbiota, vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, cytolytic vaginosis.

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Retrospective study of the results of taking of blind swabs versus speculum-assisted swabs in women with vaginal discharge

10.26226/morressier.58ef94dcd462b80290b5040b ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gary Brook

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Vaginal Discharge

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Possibilities of using neodymium laser (Nd:YAG) in patients with concomitant diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/20795696.2020.4.200277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Olga A. Pauzina ◽

Inna A. Apolikhina ◽

Darya A. Malyshkina

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Pelvic Floor ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction ◽

Vaginal Wall ◽

Neodymium Laser ◽

Frequent Relapses

Background. Pathological vaginal discharge is the most common disorder in women after giving birth who have vaginal relaxation syndrome and vaginal wall prolapse, as well as in women during menopause. To date, there are no clear treatment regimens for mixed vulvovaginal infections, and the use of only drug therapy in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and genitourinary syndrome of menopause in combination with diseases which are accompanied by pathological vaginal discharge does not give a long lasting result and is characterized by frequent relapses. In this regard, the use of laser methods in combination with drug therapy may lead to the recovery of vaginal microbiocenosis and a decrease in the number of relapses of diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract. Results. Description. This article presents a clinical case and description of the experience of using a neodymium laser for the treatment of a patient with recurrent mixed vulvovaginitis, 2nd- degree vaginal wall prolapse, loss of pelvic floor muscle tone, vaginal relaxation syndrome and sexual dysfunction using neodymium laser. The woman received 3 procedures of exposure to a neodymium laser with an interval of 2830 days. After 3 procedures of exposure to a neodymium laser, the patient has a good clinical efficacy in the recovery of vaginal microbiocenosis. Conclusions. An innovative technique of exposure to Nd:YAG neodymium laser in the practice of a gynecologist has shown high clinical efficiency in the treatment of not only pelvic floor dysfunction, but also mixed vulvovaginitis. And, despite this aspect of the use of laser technologies requires further study, we can use a neodymium laser in combination with traditional drug therapy to treat diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract in cases of ineffective drug monotherapy and frequent relapses.

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The effective local therapy of vaginal discharge

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/2079-5831_17.4.54-55 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 54-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.L. Tikhomirov ◽

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Local Therapy

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GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE TENTANG MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI SMP

Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik ◽

10.36656/jpkm.v1i2.78 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Zaim Ashari

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygiene Behavior

During menstruation blood vessels in the uterus are very easily infected because germs easily enter and cause diseases of the reproductive tract. Some of the most common disorders are vaginal discharge and pruritus vulvae (vaginal itching). However, this complaint can be prevented by maintaining the cleanliness of the female organs early on, namely with good menstrual personal hygiene. This study aims to describe the level of personal hygiene knowledge about menstruation. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, with a total sample of 90 people taken by total sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had enough personal hygiene behavior as many as 82 people (91.1%), while good menstrual personal hygiene behavior was 3 people (3.3%), and respondents who had behaviors classified as less than 5 people ( 5.6%). Based on complaints on reproductive organs, respondents who experienced vaginal discharge were 85 people (94.4%) and itching around the genitals was around 83 people (92.2%).

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