scholarly journals Dimensions of Existential, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) Needs of Medical Students for Rural Posting: An Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Shanmugapriya ◽  
Tanjul Saxena ◽  
Seema Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The retention of rural doctors in India is a very big challenge. Despite the mandatory rural postings, year by year rural health statistics indicate an abysmal picture of rural doctors’ vacancies and their shortfalls in many states. Various studies stipulate that rural doctors are quitting rural postings; the reasons are job dissatisfaction, lack of physical facilities, and the dearth of educational exposure for children, low advancements opportunities, etc. A reliable instrument to identify the motivational needs of doctors towards their rural postings, suitable to Indian context is the need of the hour for both policymakers and doctors alike. So, this study aims to acquire the reliability of the Existential, relatedness, and Growth needs of Doctors’ questionnaire and to obtain the dimensions of needs as an initial attempt. An ERG motivational need questionnaire was developed to determine the needs of medical students and doctors to practice in rural areas of India. A literature search and pilot study with 203 medical students were carried out and appropriate items were extracted. This study was conducted in Jaipur, Chennai, and Pondicherry with 203 medical students. The developed questionnaire was initially with 58 items and reduction of items was done through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The reliability of the instrument was measured using internal consistency reliability, by Cronbach alpha coefficient. The instrument is developed with three constructs namely Existential needs (EN), Relatedness Needs (RN), and Growth Needs (GN) with a 5-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis after five rotations converged to 10 factors with 65.971% of the total variance and 0.855 Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin index indicating sampling adequacy. The initial 58 items were reduced by 32 items in the final questionnaire. Factor loading ranged from 0.439- 0.797, consequently the 10 factors were labelled, and their reliability scores are 0.794, 0.782, 0.760, 0.708, 0.788, 0.802, 0.711, 0.615, 0.645, and 0.525. The result obtained has proven that the extracted 10 factors have good reliability to obtain the dimensions of Existential, relatedness, and growth needs. The study results have implications in addressing the problem of rural doctors’ shortage.

scholarly journals Existential, Relatedness, Growth (ERG) needs’ dimensions of medical students for rural posting – An analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3310-3317
Author(s):  
J. Shanmugapriya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The retention of rural doctors in India is a very big challenge. Despite the mandatory rural postings, year by year rural health statistics indicate an abysmal picture of rural doctors' vacancies and their shortfalls in many states. Various studies stipulate that rural doctors are quitting rural postings. A reliable instrument to identify the motivational needs of doctors towards their rural postings, suitable to the Indian context, which is vital for both policymakers and doctors alike.  So, this study aims to acquire the reliability of the Existential, relatedness, and Growth needs of Doctors’ questionnaire and to obtain the dimensions of needs as an initial attempt. An ERG motivational need questionnaire was developed to explain the needs of medical graduates and rurally placed physicians in Indian context. A literature search and pilot study with 64 medical students conducted and relevant items were extracted. This study was conducted in Jaipur, Chennai, and Pondicherry. The reduction of items was done through principal component analysis in SPSS. Cronbach Alpha coefficient is considered to measure for internal consistency reliability of the instrument. The instrument is developed with three constructs namely Existential needs (EN), Relatedness Needs (RN), and Growth Needs (GN) with a 5-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis after three rotations converged to 9 factors with 74.103 total variance and 0.606 Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin index indicating sampling adequacy. The initial scale items (with 58 Items) were reduced to 9 factors with 28 items in the final questionnaire. Overall scale is with Cronbach alpha value of 0.851 for these items. The result obtained has proven that the extracted 9 factors have good reliability to obtain the dimensions of Existential, relatedness, and growth needs. The study results have implications in addressing the problem of Rural doctors’ shortage.

Creation and validation of a Vietnamese version of the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Thuy Ly Nguyen ◽  
Lourdes Symphorien Clemenceau Annoussamy ◽  
Eric L Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Care Of The Dying

Background: This study aims to develop a valid measurement of the Frommel Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale to address some of the gaps in the existing knowledge of this field in Vietnam. Methods: The FATCOD scale was translated and culturally adapted to make it suitable for use in Vietnam. Following this, the FATCOD_VN scale was assessed for content validity. The construct validity of the instrument was then determined by exploratory factor analysis (n=237), and confirmatory factor analysis (n=245), based on the combined data from two cross-sectional studies. The internal consistency reliability and background factors associated with the FATCOD_VN were examined to further support the validity of the Vietnamese version. Results: The exploratory factor analysis of the FATCOD_VN yielded a three-factor structure that presents the most plausible goodness of fit, supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha of the FATCOD_VN was 0.74 for overall scale and ranges from 0.56 to 0.81 for each sub-scale. Conclusions: The study results indicate that the FATCOD_VN is acceptable and appropriate to use in the Vietnamese context.

On the Dimensionality of Measuring Tourist Satisfaction towards Homestay

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangaram Biswakarma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on measuring tourist satisfaction towards home stay. This paper emphasized to identify the variables that are related to tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. It is also focused on analyzing the relationship and impact of these latent construct of factors to overall tourist satisfaction towards home stay. In an attempt to visualize the purpose, tourists satisfaction in a homestay in Nepal has taken into as a case, with an aim to identify the underlying dimensions of tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. Twenty six (26) manifest variables of homestay has been formulated to understand the dimensions. Likewise, for a conforming the latent construct (1) statement as dependent variable of overall satisfaction was developed for the purpose of the primary data collection. The manifest variables are basically focused on aspects of home stay attributes namely cultural attraction, hospitality, amenities and safety & security at the home stay destination. Post Exploratory Factor Analysis indicates factor loading for twenty two (22) items manifest variables as significant, loaded with five (5) factors of home stay attributes named as Amenities & Safety, Reception, Local Cuisine & Accommodation, Local Life style & Costumes, and Cultural Performance. This study contributes to the development of survey instrument for exploring tourist satisfaction for Home stay for future researchers.

Benin Groundnut Producers’ Perceptions, Awareness and Action about Aflatoxin

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
C.M. Jolly ◽  
S. Vodouhe ◽  
B. Bayard ◽  
P.E. Jolly ◽  
J.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Belief Model

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of groundnut poses a serious health and economic threat to Benin market participants. However, most farmers are unaware of the problem. A study of 182 farmers was conducted in 2002 using a Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine Benin farmers’ health beliefs, perception constructs of awareness, susceptibility, seriousness of the problem, barriers, and benefits derived from reducing AF levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis was employed to evaluate the HBM model constructs. The average age of farmers was 40.4 years with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 10.8, and farmers had an average of 18.32 years of farming experience. Approximately 93% of farmers stated that sorting of groundnuts was important or very important, while 77% thought that they were sure or definitely sure of the negative effects of AF on human health. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that two factors embodied the susceptibility, barrier and benefit constructs. The study results indicated that the reduction of AF in groundnuts was multidimensional and required policy intervention to increase awareness of the health risks, and to manipulate the factors that influenced the constructs at the farm and policy level.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE ASSESSING THE ADULT IMMUNISATION PERCEPTIONS AMONG MALAYSIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-509
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Belief Model

Introduction: Immunisations are one of the most effective public health interventions, reducing or eliminating the burden of many infectious diseases. This study aims to establish the construct validity of a newly developed adult immunisation perceptions questionnaire among Malaysians. Methods: The Adult Immunisation Perceptions-Questionnaire (AIP-Q) was created following literature reviews on The Health Belief Model. Primarily, 64 questions were pooled, followed by face validity by experts, pretested via 20 healthcare personnel and later translate into the Malay language. A total of 305 respondents were selected for the construct validation process. Varimax rotation method used in the analysis for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) done using AMOS software. Results: Ten constructs were produced as predicted in EFA: health believes, experience, knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and 2 cues for action. Thirteen items with low factor loading and unrelated to the recovered domains were removed from being included in CFA. In path analysis, the scale fitted ?2/df=1.943 (n=305) =p<0.001, CFI=0.908, IFI=0.909, TLI=0.901 and RMSEA=0.056. Strong factor loading was found across the final items, ranged from 0.53 to 0.94 with a good reliability test (Cronbach Alpha, AVE and CR values) for all constructs. Conclusion: The final AIP-Q consists of 10 domains with 45 items that give a promising psychometric property. This questionnaire can measure the perceptions of adult immunisation among the Malaysian population and can be utilized for the nationwide study.

Development of an Instrument to Measure Medical Students' Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Symons ◽  
Reva Fish ◽  
Denise McGuigan ◽  
Jeffery Fox ◽  
Elie A. Akl
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Students Attitudes

Abstract As curricula to improve medical students' attitudes toward people with disabilities are developed, instruments are needed to guide the process and evaluate effectiveness. The authors developed an instrument to measure medical students' attitudes toward people with disabilities. A pilot instrument with 30 items in four sections was administered to 342 medical students. Internal consistency reliability and factor analysis were conducted. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.857, indicating very good internal consistency. Five components were identified: comfort interacting with people with disabilities, working with people with disabilities in a clinical setting, negative impressions of self-concepts of people with disabilities, positive impressions of self-concepts of people with disabilities, and conditional comfort with people with disabilities. The instrument appears to have good psychometric properties and requires further validation.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy scale for the establishment of good relationships with families in neonatal and pediatric hospital settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Cascaes Cruz ◽  
Margareth Angelo ◽  
Bernardo Pereira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy Scale for the Establishment of Good Relationships with Families in Neonatal and Pediatric Hospital Settings. METHOD Methodological study grounded on self-efficacy theory was conducted in three phases: conceptual and operational definition (review of the literature and interviews with the target population), content validity (opinion of five experts e three clinical nurses), and exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability (cross-sectional survey with a valid sample of 194 nurses). RESULTS A ten-point Likert scale with 40-item was designed and one item was excluded after review by experts. Three factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha for all items was 0.983 with item-total correlations in the range 0.657 to 0.847. Cronbach's alpha value if item deleted were less than or equal to 0.983. CONCLUSION The final version of the scale demonstrated psychometric adequacy. It is a useful tool to be administered in the clinical, educational and research nursing fields to measure nurses’ self-efficacy beliefs concerning the establishment of good relationships with families.

scholarly journals A Study on the Competence Characteristics of Psychological Hotline Counselors During the Outbreak of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu You ◽  
Xiaoming Jia ◽  
Yaping Ding ◽  
Qin An ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
Psychological Assistance

Introduction: After the outbreak of COVID-19, psychological hotlines functioned as a main channel of psychological assistance and required a large number of professionals to provide services. These hotlines mostly offered a single-use service with short session times and allowed callers to retain anonymity. They functioned as a psychological counseling service for stress experienced in the COVID-19 public health emergency. Hotline psychological counselors must meet special competency requirements. The selection and evaluation tools for recruiting hotline counselors need to be developed.Materials and Methods: The initial scale of competence for psychological hotline counselors was formed by expert evaluation based on theoretical constructs and by using the Delphi method. A link to the questionnaire was sent to a WeChat group of counselors from 36 major psychological hotlines in China in two stages. The questionnaire consisted of questions to elicit basic demographic information and the initial competence scale. In the first phase, 343 valid samples were used to perform exploratory factor analysis. In the second phase, 334 valid samples were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis. The status of the competence of psychological hotline counselors was also analyzed.Results: The factor structure of the Psychological Hotline Counselor Competence Scale was verified and defined in terms of skills, attitude, and knowledge. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale has good reliability and validity (χ2/df = 1.758, GFI = 0.86, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.91, NNFI = 0.95). The McDonald’s omega for each factor was calculated (ωF1 = 0.927, 95%CI [0.914, 0.940]; ωF2 = 0.958, 95%CI [0.951, 0.965]; ωF3 = 0.954, 95%CI [0.945, 0.961]). Meanwhile, it was found that the psychological hotline counselors’ self-assessed competence had a high average score (n = 334).Conclusion: The Competence Scale for Psychological Hotline Counselors for Major Public Emergencies developed in this study has good reliability and validity, and can be a reliable tool for organizing psychological assistance and screening hotline psychological counselors during public emergencies in the future.

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