scholarly journals A NOTE ON PROTEIN REQUIREMENT OF FRIESIAN COWS FOR MAINTENANCE IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four dry non pregnant Friesian cows averagely weighing 376 +19.2kg were in a 4x4 Latin square design, assigned to four dietary treatments: (A) hay (Digitaria ezilis), (B) hay plus brewers dried grains, (C) brewers dried grains plus 5% molasses and (D) brewers dried grains plus 10% molasses, to assess the protein requirement for maintenance. The mean metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) and endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) values were 0.361 0.022g/1003 DM intake and 0.079 0.024g/day /w0.75 kg respectively. The mean biological values (BV) were 53.5 72.4, 58.4 and 58.1 for treatinents A, B, C and D. These MFN EUN and BV values facilitated the use of factorial equation, which gave average daily digestible crude protein (DCP) requirement for maintenance as 1.45g/W0.75 kg (0.94 -- 2.85). 

A note on the protein requirement for maintenance of adult rams

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Singh ◽  
V. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYNitrogen balance studies of latin square design were conducted on six adult rams receiving diets with approximately 4, 8 and 16% crude protein. The diets were almost isocaloric and contained groundnut cake, wheat bran, maize starch, and chopped wheat straw. Metabolic faecal and endogenous urinary N were 0·24 ± 0·003 g/100 g dry-matter intake and 0·038 ± 0·01 g/kg body weight per day. Biological value, true digestibility and coefficient of net utilization were 86·9 ± 8·68, 93·4 ± 1·94 and 79·6 ± 2·47, respectively.Daily digestible crude protein requirements for maintenance estimated by the factorial method (0·875 + 0·;06 g/kg W0·734) and from N balance and the net utilization of protein (0·893 + 0·03 g/kg W0·734) were similar but slightly higher than the requirement estimated from N balance alone (0·738 ± 0·04 g/kg W0·734). All values are lower than the conventional recommendations.

Studies on goat nutrition Part II. Digestible protein requirements for maintenance from balance studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. The crude protein requirement of goats for maintenance has been determined from balance studies. The requirement per kg., as found by three different methods of treatments of the balance data, is practically the same, viz. 2·63 g. crude protein.2. The digestible crude protein requirement also has been calculated, again by two different methods, and is estimated at 1·12 lb./1000 lb. body weight. This value is undoubtedly very much higher than the value (0·65 lb./1000 lb.) obtained previously from the endogenous urinary nitrogen determinations alone.3. The dry-matter requirement of goat per 100 lb. live weight has been determined. Calculated on the basis of live weight raised to the power 0·734, the requirement was found to be 2·6 lb./100 lb.

Nitrogen utilization of growing-finishing Barbados Blackbelly lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Osuji ◽  
C. Devers
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SummaryTwelve 6–8 months old male Barbados Blackbelly lambs were used in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment with three replicates to study the utilization of diets made from local by-products and containing 64, 93, 125 or 143 g crude protein/kgD. M.Both dry-matter (mean 750·1 g/day) and digestible-energy (mean 6·2 MJ DE/day) intakes, and their digestibility coefficients increased, though not significantly, with increasing dietary protein concentration. However, nitrogen digestibility, urinary-nitrogen output and nitrogen retention all increased significantly (P< 0·01) with increasing dietary protein concentration.Metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen derived from the intercept of significant regressions of nitrogen intake against urine and faecal nitrogen outputs were 5·07 g/kg dry matter eaten and 3·46 g/day (0·35 kg W0·75) respectively. The diets had a mean biological value of 73·6%. The digestible crude protein requirements for maintenance were (g/day) 29·0, 38·4 and 26·6 when estimated from nitrogen retention, factorially and from live-weight performance respectively.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF STEERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
U. J. Ikhatua ◽  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Comparative studies lasting between 59 - 63 days were carried out using the N-balance method to investigate the effect of groundnut cake supplementation on N-metabolism and digestible crude protein (DCP)requirements of three breeds of steers maintained on all-roughage rations of hay and fresh dry of Cynodon rulenfuensis var robustus The results indicated that N intake (/day) Increased ed appreciably with supplementation. The percentage Increases li the intake were 16.4.40.0 and 18.0 for the White Fulani, crossbred and German Brown Steer respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients for N also increased by 10%0.6.8% and 7.1% for these steers respectively. Faucal nitrogen output (/day) Increased slightly with supplementation with all breedy of steen, while urinary nitrogen loss decreased with the White Fulani, increased with the German Brown and showed no difference with the crossbreed. Absorbed nitrogen (g/day), N-balance (g/day) und N-retention (%) all increased with supplementations Mean values for both metabolic f al ultrogen (MEN) (N/kgDM consumed und endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) (/day/wkg 0.75) decreased with supplementation while the mean Hological value (BV) (197) Increased. The values were 2.4 6N/kg DM consumed, 0.11/dm/wg 0.75 and 75.87 respectively. Digestible crude protein requirements (DCP) decreed with supplementation in all the breeds of steen. The values were 1.06, 0.38 and 0.81 (0.75 + 0.20)/day/wkg 0.75) by the N-balance methods and 1.08, 0.51 und 1.20 (0.93 = 0.21) 2DCP/day/wkg 0.75 by the Nuctoriul methody. The DCP requirements therefore range from 0.75 - 0.93 /day/weg 0.75 for these breeds of steers, While there were decreases of approximately 13.14%. 1.99 and 6.4% In the mean DM Intake.

Digestible energy, protein and amino acid content in selected short season corn cultivars fed to growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Opapeju ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti ◽  
J. D. House
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The digestible energy (DE), ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) contents in two corn cultivars commonly grown in Manitoba were determined using six ileal cannulated barrows (average initial BW of 21.5 ± 0.9 kg). Three samples of each cultivar, each obtained from two locations, were evaluated in six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Diets contained 97% corn and 0.3% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker, and were assigned to pigs in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Ileal digesta and fecal samples were collected for determining energy and nutrient digestibilities. Location affected (P ≤ 0.05) ileal digestible indispensable AA, except for lysine and threonine. Cultivar affected (P ≤ 0.05) ileal digestible CP and indispensable AA, except for lysine, phenylalanine and valine. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.05) of location and cultivar on ileal digestible indispensable AA, except for lysine and histidine. Digestible energy, CP and AA averaged 3662 kcal kg-1, 5.95% and 0.40%, respectively, in the dry matter. The content of digestible CP and AA in corn may vary with location and cultivar and this variation should be considered when formulating livestock feeds. Key words: Amino acids, corn, digestibility, energy, pig

Effect of offering three amounts of maize stover to dairy cows on intake and selection

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
J. N. Methu ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A. Abate ◽  
M. Scarr ◽  
J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Several studies with barley straw (e.g. Wahed et al, 1990) and sorghum stover (e.g. Osafo, 1993) have shown improvements in intake with increasing ‘ad libitum’ amounts offered. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated that sheep and goats offered barley straw or sorghum stover in long, unprocessed form, increase intake by selecting for leaf and leaf sheath, and against stem. This phenomenon offers a simple feeding strategy to use selective feeding behaviour to improve intake and hence production. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of offering increasing amounts of long maize stover on intake and selection by dairy cows.Six, early- to mid-lactation Ayrshire and Friesian cows (live weight, M, 430 kg) were used in a double 3x3 Latin square design with 24-day (d) feeding periods. Cows were offered long (unchopped) maize stover at low, medium or high ‘ad libitum’ rates, i.e. 31, 59 or 87 g dry matter (DM)/kg M.d. Cows also received 3.2 kg DM/d of cotton seed cake (339 g/kg DM crude protein) in two meals at milking (0700 h and 1800 h). Stover was offered in one meal daily, at 0700 h, after collecting refusals from the previous day. Amounts of stover offered and refused were weighed daily. Samples of offered stover (0.5 kg) and refused stover (0.5 kg) were analysed for DM daily. All refused stover and 4.0 kg samples of offered stover were botanically fractionated, daily, into stem (S), leaf (L), sheath (Sh) and husk (H). Milk yield was recorded daily and cows weighed at the start and end of each period.

Effect of lipid supply on in vivo digestion in cows: Comparison of hay and corn silage diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ben Salem ◽  
R. Krzeminski ◽  
A. Ferlay ◽  
M. Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four Holstein × Friesian cows with rumen and duodenal cannulae were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four experimental diets differing in the nature of forage and the presence or absence of rapeseed oil supplement. Dietary treatments were composed of 60% grassland hay and 40% production concentrate (diet H), and of 65% corn silage, 28% production concentrate and 7% soybean meal (diet S). Each diet was also supplied with 7% rapeseed oil. These supplemented diets are designated respectively HO and SO. Digestibility of organic matter was 69.0, 67.5, 73.6 and 70.0% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. The differences were mainly due to variations in NDF digestibility: 55.0, 50.4, 56.9 and 46.9% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. These results are consistent with variations in VFA concentration and composition. However, differences among diets in in situ cellulose degradation were lower than expected. Starch and nitrogen degradation measured in situ, and ruminal outflow rate of liquid and solids were not modified by lipid supply. Hydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids was high (mean 88.9 and 89.5%, respectively) and did not depend on the diet. Key words: Cow, digestion, rumen, lipid supply

scholarly journals Diurnal Concentration of Urinary Nitrogen and Rumen Ammonia Are Modified by Timing and Mass of Herbage Allocation

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Ignacio E. Beltran ◽  
Pablo Gregorini ◽  
José Daza ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Alvaro Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of this work was to evaluate whether changes in time of herbage allocation and herbage mass (HM) (low (L) or medium (M)) modify the diurnal pattern of urinary nitrogen (N) concentration and ruminal ammonia (NH3) of lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with rumen cannula were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: 1) low herbage mass in the morning (L-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a herbage mass (HM) of 2000 kg DM/ha); 2) low herbage mass in the afternoon (L-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 2000 kg DM/ha); 3) medium herbage mass in the morning (M-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha); and 4) medium herbage mass in the afternoon (M-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha). A four by four Latin Square design with four treatments, four cows, and four experimental periods was used to evaluate treatment effects. Rumen NH3 concentration was greater for L-AM compared to L-PM and M-PM at 13:00 and 16:00 h. Urine urea and N concentrations were lower for M-AM compared to L-AM. Urine N concentration was greater for L-AM than other treatments at 10:00 hours and greater for M-PM compared to M-AM at 16:00 hours. Results suggest that maintaining the cows in the holding pen at the milking parlor for two hours after morning grass silage supplementation for L-AM and for two hours after afternoon grass silage supplementation for M-PM, could allow collection of urine from cows at the holding pen and storage of urine in the slurry pit during the time of peak N concentration, returning cows to the pasture at a time of day when urinary N concentration is decreased.

Studies on goat nutrition Part I. Minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance-endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The One ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. EUN and MFN excretions have been determined in goats on a N-low ration and also on a N-free ration. The values obtained were,EUN = 0·052 g./kg. live weight andMFN = 0·41 g./100 g. dry-matter feed intake.2. The values so determined with the two feeding regimens, for both the EUN and MFN agreed very closely.3. The minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance, as calculated from the EUN value, is 0·65 lb./1000 lb. live weight.4. The formula for calculating the utilizable protein requirement for this species is found to be P = 0·89. W0.734, and is almost identical with the one given by Mitchell.5. The usefulness of the above formula in predicting the EUN of immature goats is discussed.

Studies of natural herbage of the sub-tropics I. The digestibility of herbage grazed by cattle

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

1. In two continuous digestibility trials carried out in 1960 and 1961, groups of three wether sheep were fed on oven-dried herbage which had been selectively collected from natural pastures during December 1959 to March 1960 and December 1960 to March 1961. The organic matter digestibility and the digestible crude protein content of the herbage and the nitrogen concentration in faeces were measured over periods of 5 days. The fresh faeces of dairy cattle grazing the natural pastures were regularly sampled and analysed. Regressions of organic matter digestibility and digestible crude protein content on faecal nitrogen were evaluated. From these equations and the composition of the dairy cattle faeces the digestibility of the herbage grazed was calculated.2. The herbage consumed by the cattle had a significantly higher organic matter digestibility and digestible crude protein content than the collected material. This difference, which increased as the season progressed, indicates that dairy cattle became increasingly selective in their grazing as the pasture deteriorated in quality.3. There was a marked yearly difference in digestibility-faecal nitrogen relationships and in the quality of the consumed forage. The grass eaten in 1959-60 had a higher digestibility and lower digestible crude protein content than in the following year. These differences may be part attributable to a seasonal difference in rainfall.4. The organic matter digestibility of the grazed herbage ranged from 52·71 to 65·03% and the digestible crude protein content from 3·08 to 7·43% For milk production, the herbage consumed is low in digestible protein in relation to the total amount of digestible nutrients.

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