Prediction Of Carcass Lean Content In Live Pigs Using Scanoprobe Ultrasonic Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
O. A. Adebambo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ultrasonic Machine ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Indigenous Pigs ◽  
White Control ◽  
Carcass Measurement

A total of 40 entire males within 60kg weight range from Large White control and selected crossbred improved indigenous pigs were used to study relationships between live and carcass measurements using the Scanoprobe ultrasonic machine. Within this live weight range the fat depths (P1, P2 and P3)and muscle measurements (MP2 and MLA) were more variable in the crossbreds than the purebred exotics although the carcass lean content, 365g/kg and 395g/kg for the purebred and crossbreds respectively were not significantly different. The fat depths, using the ultrasonic machine was a little lower than the actual values: 15.1 as against 16.6mm for P1 and 15.05 against 16.3mm for P2 with a residual standard deviation of 2.56 and 3.25mm respectively. Whilst the MLA gave values of 2886mm2 for ultrasonics as against 3025mm2 for carcass measurement with S.D. of 357 and 328mm2 respectively. Relative to the different fat depths measurements, the regression of carcass lean on P1 was -3.90±1.716 whilst at P2 and P3 it was -2.94±0.949 and -3.41±0.810gms respectively, resulting in a prediction equation for lean content of 57.85 - 0.751 P2 gm.

The value of shape as a predictor of carcass composition in pigs from different breeding companies

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
D. G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
White Control ◽  
Small Improvement

ABSTRACTCarcass data for a total of 1385 pigs from years 3 to 6 of the Meat and Livestock Commission's Commercial Pig Evaluation were used to examine the value of different shape assessments as predictors of carcass composition, when used in addition to carcass weight and fat thickness over the m. longissimus at the head of the last rib (P2). The sample comprised pigs from 13 breeding companies and a purebred Large White control.The standard deviation of carcass lean proportion at equal weight and P2 was 24·5 g/kg. The addition of carcass length or visual conformation assessments (five-point scales) provided a small improvement in precision (minimum residual standard deviation = 24·2 g/kg). This improvement was associated with a reduction in the variation of lean to bone ratio.The addition of an effect for breeding company to weight and P2 improved the precision substantially (residual standard deviation = 23·1 g/kg). The improvement was due mainly to the identification of differences in carcass fat content, there being a range of 30g/kg in carcass fat content between companies at equal weight and P2.There was a further small improvement in precision from the addition of conformation assessments to weight, P2 and company (minimum residual standard deviation = 22·9 g/kg).The study confirms earlier results which indicate that shape assessments are of limited value as predictors in the British pig population, due mainly to limited variation in lean to bone ratio. It also indicates that significant variation exists between companies in fat content at equal P2 and weight which is not explained by shape assessments.

The protein and energy nutrition of the pig. V. The effect of varying the protein and energy levels in the ‘finishing diets’ of heavy pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Carcass Measurement

1. A feeding trial was carried out using fortyeight Large White pigs, individually fed in a Danish type piggery. Six different diets prepared at two levels of digestible energy and three levels of crude protein were fed to eight replicates consisting of four hogs and four gilts per replicate. A record was maintained of the weekly live-weight gain and food was given at a defined restricted level in relation to the live weight. Carcass quality was assessed by complete dissection into visible lean, fat and bone etc.2. Of the main effects, energy, supply was without significant effect upon growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or any carcass characteristics except body length which was increased with a high energy level. The protein level in the diet had a significant effect upon the percentage of carcass lean and the killing-out percentage, the higher levels of protein increasing both these measurements significantly. Gilts were significantly superior to hogs in every carcass measurement although hogs grew significantly faster.

A comparison of tissue development in Pietrain and Large White pigs from birth to 64 kg live weight 1. Growth changes in carcass composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Logarithmic Weight

SUMMARYFemale pigs of the Pietrain and Large White breeds, 18 from each, selected to form a logarithmic weight range, were dissected into their major carcass tissues. Relative to carcass growth, fat was the fastest developing tissue in both breeds; fat and muscle grew at a rate higher, and bone at a rate lower, than the carcass. The growth of bone relative to carcass growth was faster in the Large White; differences between breeds in the growth of muscle and fat were not significant. Muscle weights and muscle: bone ratios, estimated at the same empty body weight, were greater for the Pietrain over the entire body weight range studied. There was no significant difference in muscle: bone ratio between the Large Whites used in the present study and those dissected by McMeekan over 30 years previously. The breed difference in the proportion of muscle and bone at the same body weight is attributed to a greater maturity of the Pietrain.

scholarly journals Comparative Physical Characteristics in the Indigenous Nigerian and Imported European Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
B. I. Fetuga ◽  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Indigenous Pigs ◽  
Carcass Conformation

THE Physical carcass characteristics of 100 indigenous Nigerian pigs (IND.) (50 gilts and 50 barrows), and 100 Large White x Landrace pigs with a similar sex ratio were compared. These were slaughtered at either one of five weights, 22.7, 34.0, 45.5, 56.8 or 68 kg live weight, in such a way that 10 gilts and 10 barrows of each breed were slaughtered at each of the predetermined slaughter weights. For the purpose of comparing sexual influences on physical carcass traits in the indigenous pigs carcass data were obtained on an additional group of 50 indigenous boars during the same period as the above it similar Slaughter weights involving similar numbers per slaughter weight. In a third experiment carcass data were collected on 40 pure Large White pigs (LW) (20 gilts and 20 barroWs) and 40 indigenous x Large White pigs (IND.XLW) also made up of 20 gilts and 20 barrows. A comparison was made between these and the data on a similar number of indigenous barrows and gilts. The results indicated highly significantly different (P <0.01). Proportions of lean and fat and significantly (P <0.05) different proportions of bone and skin in the carcasses of IND and LWXLD pig. The LWXLD pigs had more lean, and bone, less fat and skin, than the indigenous pigs. Carcass conformation was also clearly different in both breeds. The indigenous pigs had lower proportion of lean cuts and greater proportion of the fat cuts than the LWXLD pigs at all Slaughter weights. From 22.7 to 68 kg slaughter weights, the IND pigs were shorter, had thicker backfat, higher dressing percentage and smaller loin eye muscle area compared to the LWXLD pigs. Percentages lean, bone skin, ham, loin, shoulder and sum of four lean cuts decreased while percentages fat, fat cuts, trimmed fat and backfat thickness increased with increasing slaughter weights for both breeds. A comparison of carcass traits in the indigenous boars, barrows and gilts showed that the boars were leaner and had superior carcass conformation to the gilts which in turn were leaner than barrows. Crosses between the indigenous pigs and pure large White pigs were superior to the pure indigenous pigs in terms of carcass length, greater proportion of lean to fat and thinner backfat measurements, while they were inferior to the Pure Large White pigs in terms of these measurements.

A note on the comparative growth performance of pigs sired by Piétrain × Hampshire, Hampshire × Large White and Large White boars

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Lishman ◽  
W. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Breed Differences

ABSTRACTThe performance of progeny sired by Piétrain × Hampshire, Hampshire × Large White and Large White boars was compared over the live-weight range 28 to 65 kg. Feeding was twice daily to ‘appetite’ up to a maximum of 2·27 kg meal/day. Breed of boar did not influence rate or efficiency of live-weight gain, mid-line or internal fat depths nor muscle quality. Progeny of Pietrain × Hampshire and Hampshire × Large White sires, compared with those of Large White boars, had higher killing-out percentages (1·4 and 1·2 units) and larger eye muscles in cross-section (19·3 and 11·6%). Significant but small breed differences were noted in joint proportions of the carcass.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

An evaluation of the Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator, and the Ulster Probe, for use in pig carcass classification and grading

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
D. W. Jones ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Prediction Residual ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Cut Surface

ABSTRACTThe Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator and the Ulster Probe automatic recording instruments developed for measuring fat thickness were tested against the optical probe for use in pig carcass classification and grading.Fat thickness measurements were taken using each probe 60 mm from the dorsal mid-line over the m. longissimus at the positions of the 3rd/4th lumbar vertebrae, 3rd/4th last ribs and last rib on a total of 110 hot carcasses covering the range of market weights in Great Britain. The standard deviation of carcass lean proportion at equal carcass weight was 35·4 g/kg.The instruments differed little in the precision of carcass lean proportion prediction: residual standard deviation (g/kg) for the multiple regression with carcass weight and the best individual fat measurement for each probe were: last rib optical probe, 22·1; last rib Ulster Probe, 22·7; and 3rd/4th last rib Fat Depth Indicator, 21/6. Residual standard deviation (g/kg) for carcass lean proportion prediction from carcass weight and all three fat measurements in multiple regression were 21·3 optical probe, 21·3 Ulster Probe and 201 Fat Depth Indicator.Similar mean fat measurements were obtained from the optical probe and Fat Depth Indicator, and for these instruments, but to a lesser extent for the Ulster Probe, the regression relationships with each other and with fat thickness measurements taken on the cut surface of the cold carcass were also similar.The differences recorded in precision are unlikely to be sufficiently important to influence the choice of one probe rather than another.

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