scholarly journals Evaluation of body weights as related to linear measurements in N'Dama cattle under humid tropical environmnent

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
O. O. Mgbere ◽  
O. Olutogun ◽  
A. M. Orheruata
Keyword(s):  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
N’Dama Cattle

scholarly journals PRE-AND POST-WEANING PHENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME N'DAMA CATTLE UNEAR MEASUREMENTS IN THE TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
A. M. Orherhuata ◽  
O. Olutogun
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Stock Farm ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
N’Dama Cattle

Data collected on 1438 male and 1492 female pure bred N'Dama calves calved between 1948 and 1961 at Fashola Stock farm were used to study the relationship between five N'Dama cattle linear measurements at pre and post Weaning ages. The measurements were Head to Shoulder (HDS); Shoulder to tail drop (STD); Height at withers (HTW); Heart girth (HGT) and Body length (BLT). All measurements had positive values which ranged from 0.2 - 91 except HTW and HDS which had a negative value (-02) in males at yearling age. There was a predominance of positive and highly significant relationship (P<0.01) between height measurement (HTW) and circumference measurement (HGT) which ranged from .04 - .76 with pre weaning measurements having higher values (.69 - .76) in both sexes. High and positive correlation values were also observed between length measurements (HDS, STD and BLT) which therefore shows that only one of such measurements is sufficient for length measurement Generally measurements taken at pre weaning had higher correlation values than those taken at post weaning.

Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. IV. Pre-natal growth and changes in body proportions

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Wool Follicle

Growth, and the relative growth gradients over the body, have been studied in N-type and normal Kew Zealand Romney foetuses. Body weights, and a series of linear measurements taken between different points over the body, have been obtained from a series of foetuses of known ages. Huxley's allometric growth ratios have been calculated from these measurements by using the least squares regression. There are no significant gromth differences between foetuses belonging to the different AT-genotypes of the New Zealand Ronmey. Foetuses belonging to the New Zealand Romney and some British breeds grow at a faster rate than South African Merino foetuses studied by Malan and Curson (1936a) and Cloete (1939). Relative growth gradients over the body are, in general, similar to those of other mammals, but the results do not support the theory of Cloete (1939), that the relative growth rate of a part of the body is solely a function of the age of the part.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Victoria ◽  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
K. Luke Ayorinde ◽  
H. Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Positive Correlations

A total of 108 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks were used to study the relationship between body weight and linear measurements and to predict body weight from linear measurements of body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) and drum stick (DS).The results showed that the mean quail birds’ body weights were 35.23g and 143.78g, at 2nd and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight gain was increased between 2 and 6 weeks of age and thereafter decreased with advancing age. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than those of male counterpart at 6th and 8th weeks of age. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were obtained between body weight and body measurements at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.70). The estimates of coefficient of determination and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study shows that it is possible for breeders to use BG and BL as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight.  Keywords: Japanese quail; Body weight; Linear measurements; Correlation  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 175-183 (2014)  

scholarly journals Phenotypic variability and population structure analysis of Tanzanian free-range local chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Mushi ◽  
Gaspar H. Chiwanga ◽  
Esinam N. Amuzu-Aweh ◽  
Muhammed Walugembe ◽  
Robert A. Max ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Local Chickens

Abstract Background Free-range local chickens (FRLC) farming is an important activity in Tanzania, however, they have not been well-characterized. This study aimed to phenotypically characterize three Tanzanian FRLCs and to determine their population structure. A total of 389 mature breeder chickens (324 females and 65 males) from three popular Tanzanian FRLC ecotypes (Kuchi, Morogoro-medium and Ching’wekwe) were used for the phenotypic characterization. Progenies of these chickens were utilized to assess population structure. The ecotypes were collected from four geographical zones across Tanzania: Lake, Central, Northern and Coastal zones. Body weights and linear measurements were obtained from the mature breeders, including body, neck, shanks, wingspan, chest girth, and shank girth. Descriptive statistics were utilized to characterize the chickens. Correlations between the linear measurements and differences among the means of measured linear traits between ecotypes and between sexes were assessed. A total of 1399 progeny chicks were genotyped using a chicken 600 K high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel for determination of population structure. Results The means for most traits were significantly higher in Kuchi relative to Ching’wekwe and Morogoro-medium. However, shank length and shank girth were similar between Kuchi and Morogoro-medium females. All traits were correlated with the exception of shank girth in Morogoro-medium. Admixture analyses revealed that Morogoro-medium and Ching’wekwe clustered together as one population, separate from Kuchi. Conclusions Phenotypic traits could be used to characterize FRLCs, however, there were variations in traits among individuals within ecotypes; therefore, complementary genomic methods should be considered to improve the characterization for selective breeding.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF THE WHIRLER MUTATION IN MALE MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Weltman ◽  
Arthur M. Sackler
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Heterozygous Female ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
General Body ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Seminal Vesicle Weight ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

ABSTRACT Body weight, metabolic rate, locomotor activity and alterations in endocrine organ activity were noted in recessive homozygous male whirler mice and the phenotypically »normal« heterozygotes. Representative populations of the two types were studied at different age levels. In general, body weights of the whirler mice were consistently and significantly lower. Open-field locomotion studies similarly indicated heightened locomotor activity. Total leukocyte and eosinophil counts were either markedly or significantly lower in the homozygous vs. heterozygous whirler groups. Evaluation of relative organ weights showed significantly increased adrenal weights in whirler mice sacrificed at 14 weeks and 11 months of age. These changes were accompanied by involution of the thymus. Thus, the varied data indicate persistent increased metabolism and adrenocortical activity during the life-span of the whirler mice. Seminal vesicle weight decreases in the whirler males at 11 months suggest lower gonadal function. The findings are in accord with previous studies of alterations in metabolic rates and endocrine function of homozygous whirler vs. heterozygous female mice.

Effects of progesterone induced postmaturity on CBG and pituitary-adrenal activities in the rat foetus

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Dupouy ◽  
Alain Chatelain
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Severe Jaundice ◽  
High Level ◽  
Subsequent Rise

Abstract. CBG and pituitary-adrenal activities were investigated in intact rat foetuses, in newborns spontaneously delivered by vaginal way and in postmature foetuses from mothers with delayed parturition caused by daily progesterone injection from day 20 of gestation. The postmature foetuses had lower body weights and higher adrenal weights on day 22, 23 and 24 of gestation than newborns of the same conceptional age. The corticosterone binding capacity of the plasma as well as the binding capacity of CBG for corticosterone decreased in intact foetuses for the last 3 days of gestation and stayed very low in pups from day 0 to day 8 postpartum. These parameters decreased more slowly in postmature foetuses; however, the differences between the latter and intact foetuses or newborns were not statistically significant. Similar evolution occurred in intact pregnant and suckling females as well as in females with prolonged gestation. The fall in CBG activity in normal rat pups and the subsequent rise in free steroids could explain a sharp decrease in plasma ACTH levels as well as the drop in adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentration. In foetuses with prolonged gestation, the same phenomenon did not occur. Stress conditions produced by maintaining growing foetuses in utero and the development of severe jaundice maintained high ACTH levels. In contrast, the fall in adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentrations in spite of the high level of circulating ACTH could be mainly due to the progesterone inhibition of the steroidogenic activity of the foetal adrenals.

Postnatal growth rate and gonadal development in circadian tau mutant hamsters reared in constant dim red light

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lucas ◽  
JA Stirland ◽  
YN Mohammad ◽  
AS Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Body Weights

The role of the circadian clock in the reproductive development of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus was examined in wild type and circadian tau mutant hamsters reared from birth to 26 weeks of age under constant dim red light. Testis diameter and body weights were determined at weekly intervals in male hamsters from 4 weeks of age. In both genotypes, testicular development, subsequent regression and recrudescence exhibited a similar time course. The age at which animals displayed reproductive photosensitivity, as exhibited by testicular regression, was unrelated to circadian genotype (mean +/- SEM: 54 +/- 3 days for wild type and 59 +/- 5 days for tau mutants). In contrast, our studies revealed a significant impact of the mutation on somatic growth, such that tau mutants weighed 18% less than wild types at the end of the experiment. Our study reveals that the juvenile onset of reproductive photoperiodism in Syrian hamsters is not timed by the circadian system.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

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