Livestock breeding has been one of the main branches of animal husbandry in Ukraine including Slobozhanshchina (east of Ukraine). Breeding of small horned animals is the most important component of cattle breeding as the above category of ruminant animals is less whimsical to feeding and maintenance conditions. The worsening of the above conditions leads to the decrease in the animal productivity, their body resistance and the state of their immune system and it leads to re-infestation of the animals by helminths, eimeria and other zooparasites that periodically occurred on the objects of our research. Economical loss from some zooparasites and their associations in the above category of farm animals is connected with the improper feeding, decrease in the young animal preservation, retardation of their growth and development as well as with the disturbances of the reproductive function in the animals of the older age, the decrease in the quality and quantity of products and the increase in the forage cost. The publications made by the staff of the parasitology department of Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy and the results of the last coproscopic investigation of the animals that was carried out in autumn 2017 proved that the farm of small horned animals in the Training and Practical Complex of plant and animal husbandry in Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy (TPC KhSZVA) had been periodically unfavorable and there were outbreaks of invasive diseases connected with the regular breaking of the animal management, improper keeping and feeding conditions, breaking of veterinary and sanitary requirements. The research was planned and conducted in connection with the detection of zooparasite associations of different combinations in the sheep and with the appearance of veterinary preparations in the market macrolidic drug – «Ivermecvet 1 %». The aim of the investigation was to analyze the epizootic situation on the above farm in TPC KhSZVA, to practice coproscopic diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep and to develop more effective anthelminthic drug to control the above association of zooparasites and to work out more effective health measures for the above unfavorable farm and with the help of the publication we would like to share our experience to the owners of other unfavorable farms in the eastern part of Ukraine.
Materials and methods. Fifty five unfavorable sheep of Precos breed from the collection herd of TPC KhSZVA were taken for the investigation. The standardized methods of coproscopy – flotation by Fulleborn and sedimentation were used for the laboratory diagnosis. By the results of the study it has been found out that the sheep in TPC KhSZVA at the beginning of the stall period of maintenance were unfavorable as for trichurosis (EI=59,3 %), strongylatosis of the digestive tract (79,6 %) and eimeriosis (57,4 %). The main pathogenic factor was trichurosis invasion that coursed simultaneously of rumen- and- intestinal strongilatosis and eimeriosis invasion. The above invasions were caused by of two species – Trichuris skrjabini and Trichuris ovis, the latter ones prevailed (1:9). Three kind of protozoa were detected in the composition of eimeriosis association – Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria faurei. Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae prevailed among them. 79,6 % of sheep were invaded by strongylates – parasites of the digestive tract, nematodiruses prevailed (69,8 %). The representatives of the family Strogylidae (esophagostomes) and numerous representatives of the family Trichostrongylidae prevailed in the composition of the detected strongylates. As the rate of the invasion by strongylates was comparatively low and in the form of parasite-bearing (65,1 %) we think that their role in the pathogenesis of zooparasitocenosis was a secondary one. Three and four-componet associations prevailed in the given zooparasitocenosis. It has been determined that classical flotation method by Fulleborn for the laboratory diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep is of no value but sedimentation method allowed us to diagnose the disease and to monitor the course of the invasive process as well as to determine the curative efficiency of the anthelminthic drugs used by us. «Ivermecvet 1 %» when injected subcutaneously at the dose of 0,5 ml per 25 kg of weight to the sheep having trichurosis and strongylatosis of the digestive tract was of 100 % efficiency and the above drug was recommended to treat animals of the above unfavorable farm.
Key words: sheep, trichurosis, strongylatoses of digesative tract, eimeriosis, extensiveness and intensity, «Ivermecvet 1 %», «Levavet 10 %», «Diacox», extenseffectiveness and intenseffectiveness of anthelmintics.
Estimation of availability and distribution of browse species and number of small ruminant animals among farmers in selected communities of Nsukka Area of Enugu State.
