scholarly journals An in-vitro evaluation of the potentials of turmeric as phytogenic feed additive for rumen modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
A. O. Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Total Volatile

The potential risk to animal and human health in the use of antibiotic feed additives for modifying rumen fermentation has necessitated the search for natural alternatives which are generally regarded as safe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials of turmeric powder in rumen manipulation using the in vitro method. Substrate of Panicum maximum and concentrate in ratio 6: 4 with turmeric inclusion at four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/g dry matter (DM) were used for this study. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. Approximately 200 mg of substrate in each treatment was weighed separately into 100 mL glass syringes into which 30 mL of rumen fluid and buffer solution (1:2 v/v) were added. The quantities of total gas, methane, ammonia, total volatile fatty acids production and substrate degraded were determined 48-h post incubation. Rumen bacteria, protozoa, fungi population were determined and microbial biomass was estimated. Some phytochemical constituents of turmeric were also determined using standard methods. Turmeric had a higher percentage of curcumin relative to other phytochemical contents determined. Turmeric effectively and consistently (p < 0.05) reduced gas production at levels above 5 mg/g of substrate inclusion throughout the 48-h incubation period. Similarly, turmeric reduced (p < 0.05) methane, carbon-dioxide, ammonia and total volatile fatty acids production, and substrate degradation at 10 – 15 mg/g inclusion. Rumen bacteria and protozoa reduced when turmeric was included at 10 – 15 mg/g while fungi reduction was observed at 15 mg/g of inclusion. Reduction in microbial biomass was observed at 15 mg/g of turmeric inclusion. It can be concluded from this study that turmeric inclusion above 5 mg/g DM of substrate, can modify the rumen by causing a reduction in fermentation end-products. The reduction of ammonia production at 15 mg/g which significantly reduced microbial biomass has implication for lowering microbial protein synthesis.     Le risque potentiel pour la santé animale et humaine dans l'utilisation d'additifs alimentaires antibiotiques pour modifier la fermentation du rumen a nécessité la recherche d'alternatives naturelles qui sont généralement considérées comme sûres. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les potentiels de la poudre de curcuma dans la manipulation du rumen en utilisant la méthode in vitro. Substrat de Panicum maximum et concentré dans le rapport 6: 4 avec l'inclusion de curcuma à quatre niveaux de 0, 5, 10 et 15 mg/g de matière sèche (DM) ont été utilisés pour cette étude. L'expérience a été organisée dans une conception complètement randomisée. Environ 200 mg de substrat dans chaque traitement ont été pesés séparément dans des seringues en verre de 100 mL dans lesquelles 30 mL de liquide rumen et de solution tampon (1:2 v/v) ont été ajoutés. Les quantités totales de gaz, de méthane, d'ammoniac, de production totale d'acides gras volatils et de substrat dégradé ont été déterminées 48 h après incubation. La bactérie Rumen, le protozoaire, la population de champignons ont été déterminés et la biomasse microbienne a été estimée. Certains constituants phytochimiques du curcuma ont également été déterminés à l'aide de méthodes standard. Le curcuma avait un pourcentage plus élevé de curcumine par rapport à d'autres contenus phytochimiques déterminés. Le curcuma a réduit efficacement et systématiquement (p < 0,05) la production de gaz à des niveaux supérieurs à 5 mg/g d'inclusion du substrat tout au long de la période d'incubation de 48 h. De même, le curcuma a réduit (p < 0,05) le méthane, le dioxyde de carbone, l'ammoniac et la production totale d'acides gras volatils, et la dégradation du substrat à 10 à 15 mg/g d'inclusion. Les bactéries rumen et le protozoaire ont diminué lorsque le curcuma a été inclus à 10 – 15 mg/g tandis que la réduction des champignons a été observée à 15 mg/g d'inclusion. La réduction de la biomasse microbienne a été observée à 15 mg/g d'inclusion de curcuma. On peut conclure de cette étude que l'inclusion de curcuma au- dessus de 5 mg/g de DM de substrat, peut modifier le rumen en causant une réduction des produits finaux de fermentation. La réduction de la production d'ammoniac à 15 mg/g, ce qui a considérablement réduit la biomasse microbienne, a des répercussions sur l'abaissement de la synthèse des protéines microbiennes.    

Effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Terry ◽  
R. S. Ribeiro ◽  
D. S. Freitas ◽  
G. D. Delarota ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ch4 Production

The present study examined the effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane (CH4) production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design (CRD) using a control (0% T. diversifolia) and three treatment groups with different concentrations (6.9%, 15.2%, 29.2%) of T. diversifolia, which replaced up to 15.2% and 14% dry matter (DM) of fresh sugarcane and concentrates, respectively. Ruminal fluid was obtained from two ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu heifers maintained on a diet consisting of T. diversifolia, fresh sugarcane and 4 kg of concentrates. The inclusion of T. diversifolia had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on cumulative gas production (mL, mL/g incubated DM, mL/g digested DM) or in vitro DM disappearance (%). Carbon dioxide (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and CH4 (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing concentrations of T. diversifolia replacing fresh sugarcane and concentrates. The total volatile fatty acids (mM) and acetate (A) proportion of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 mmol) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing inclusion of T. diversifolia. Butyrate (mmol/100 mmol) increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02), while propionate (P; mmol/100 mmol) decreased quadratically (P < 0.02). The A : P ratio increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with increasing amounts of T. diversifolia in the diet. These results indicated that increasing the amount of Tithonia diversifolia in the substrate DM increased the A : P ratio, which resulted in a six-fold increase of CH4 production when fresh sugarcane and concentrates were replaced at up to 15.2% and 14% (DM basis), respectively.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Jiu Yuan ◽  
Xinjie Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p &lt; 0.05) and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD and OMD (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

scholarly journals Kinetics of In Vitro Gas Production and Fitting Mathematical Models of Corn Silage

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Camila da Silva Zornitta ◽  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Production Data ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed at examining the effects of rumen inoculum of steers receiving different combinations of ionophore and probiotics in their diets on in vitro gas production of corn silage. The fitting of gas production was performed with five mathematical models and its kinetics was evaluated. Four crossbred steers (403.0 ± 75.5 kg body weight) with ruminal cannula were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The additives used were Monensin sodium (Rumensin® 100, 3 g/day), Bacillus toyonensis (Micro-Cell Platinum® 109, 1 g/day) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (ProTernative®20, 0.5 g/day). Additives were arranged into the following treatments, supplied daily into total mixed diet: (1) Monensin; (2) Monensin + B. toyonensis; (3) Monensin + S. boulardii; and (4) B. toyonensis + S. boulardii. The gas production data were fitted into the models of Gompertz, Groot, Ørskov, Brody, Richards, and Dual-pool Logistic. A perfect agreement between observed and predicted values in curves of accumulated in vitro gas production was observed in the Groot and Richards models, with higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.770 and 0.771, respectively), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.871 and 0.870, respectively), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP = 1.14 and 1.15, respectively). Evaluating the feed additives throughout the Groot model, the B. toyonensis + S. boulardii treatment presented higher VF (12.08 mL/100 mg of DM; p = 0.0022) than Monensin and Monensin + S. boulardii (9.16 and 9.22 mL/100 mg of DM, respectively). In addition, the fractional rate of gas production (k) was higher (p = 0.0193) in B. toyonensis + S. boulardii than in Monensin, not presenting a statistical difference (p > 0.05) from the other two treatments. Additionally, with the time of beginning to gas production, the lag time (λ), was greater (p < 0.001) with Monensin and Monensin + B. toyonensis than with Monensin + S. boulardii and B. toyonensis + S. boulardii. The combination of Monensin and probiotics (B. toyonensis + S. boulardii) resulted in better kinetics of degradation of corn silage, being that the Groot and Richards models had the best fit for estimates of the in vitro gas production data of corn silage tested with different feed additive combinations.

Optimalisasi Penggunaan Level Sabun Kalsium Minyak Kedelai dalam Ransum Terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi, Populasi Mikroba dan Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Cairan Rumen Sapi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ali Bain ◽  
Komang G. Wiryawan ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Chairrusyuhur Arman ◽  
Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi optimalisasi penggunaan level sabun kalsium yang berbeda dalam ransum secara in vitro terhadap karakteristik fermentasi, populasi mikroba dan kecernaan nutrien ransum, menggunakan sumber inokulum cairan rumen sapi Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 jenis perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan.  Ransum penelitian terdiri atas : R1, 40% rumput lapang (RL) + 60% konsentrat (K), R2 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandungn 2.5% SCa-kedelai), R3 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 5% SCa-kedelai), R4 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Variabel yang diukur terdiri atas karakteristik fermentasi in vitro (pH, N-NH3, produksi total volatile fatty acids), populasi mikroorganisme (total bakteri dan total protozoa), dan kecernaan nutrien (kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varians  (ANOVA) dan perbedaan antara perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, penambahan SCa-kedelai pada level yang berbeda dalam konsentrat tidak mempengaruhi pH, konsentrasi amonia, populasi mikroba, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik fermentasi tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.002) terhadap produksi total VFA. Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada ransum perlakuan R4 (konsentrat yang mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan R4 dan produksi total VFA paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan ransum R1 (kontrol).  Produksi total VFA  ransum R1 dan R2 dan ransum R2 dan R3 tidak berbeda nyata namun produksi total VFA ransum R3 lebih tinggi dibanding ransum kontrol. Penambahan SCa-kedelai dalam konsentrat menghasilkan produksi total VFA tetinggi namun mulai menekan populasi total bakteri. Mempertimbangkan hasil peubah fermentasi dan populasi mikroba serta biaya pembuatan produk sabun kalsium, SCa-kedelai pada level 5% merupakan level penggunaan SCa-kedelai yang terbaik dalam ransum.Kata kunci: sabun kalsium, fermentasi, in vitro, kecernaanABSTRACTThe study to evaluate the optimalization the different level of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) in ration on in vitro fermentation using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 different ration treatments and 3 replicates. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 : 40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 2.5% soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean), and R3 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean and R4 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 7.5% CaS-soybean). Variables measured were fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids), microbial population (total bacteria and total protozoa), and nutrient digestibility (dry matter and organic matter digestibility). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study  showed that the four different level of CaS-soybean in ration did not have any significant effect (P>0,05) on pH, NH3-N, total bacteria, total protozoa, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) the production of total volatile fatty acids.  The highest production of total VFA was obtained from ration R4 (concentrate containing 7.5% CaS-soybean) and the lowest was obtained from treatment R1 (control). There were no significant differences between R1 and  R2, and between R2 and R3 on the total VFA production. However, the total productions of VFA in ration R3 were higher than that of the control ration. The addition of CaS-soybean in the concentrate had increased the total production of VFA, but at the same time, it began pressing the total population of bacteria. Considering the results of the fermentation variables and microbial population as well as the cost of making calcium soap products, CaS-soybean at 5% level was selected as the best level of CaS-soybean in ration.Keywords : calcium soap, fermentation, in vitro, digestibility

Influence of supplementation of tropical plant feed additives on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Chatterjee ◽  
D. N. Kamra ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
A. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Tropical Plants

Tropical plants rich in secondary metabolites have the potential to modulate rumen fermentation for more efficient food production with reduced environmental impact. In the present study after extensive screening, three tropical tree leaves (Bahunia variegata, Psidium guajava and Cannabis indica) and three herbs (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum tamala) were selected to evaluate their effect on buffalo rumen fermentation. Total gas production, substrate degradability, volatile fatty acid pattern and enzyme activities were not affected by any of the plants tested in this study. However, methane production was lowered (P ≤ 0.05) due to inclusion of P. guajava leaves. Anti-methanogenic/anti-protozoal metabolites present in tropical plants seem to be better extracted by ethanol solvent and accordingly the best performing plant i.e. different levels of P. guajava extract was used for further evaluation. Both the methane inhibition and defaunating action of ethanol extract of P. guajava were found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, leaves of P. guajava appear to be a promising plant feed additive for decreasing methane production without affecting feed degradability in the rumen.

scholarly journals Effects of garlic supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
M.R. Kekana ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
M.C. Muyu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Garlic Powder

Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production. The treatments consisted of control with no additives, garlic powder, and garlic juice at 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48 hours incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12 hours and 24 hours incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48 hours. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared with control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. Volatile fatty acids increased in all treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, whereas the acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 ml could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate to propionate ratio, implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens was limited.

scholarly journals Enhance in-vitro rumen fermentation of Panicum maximum with biological supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sumudu Chathurika ◽  
Sathya Sujani ◽  
Ariyathilaka Manawadu ◽  
Thakshala Seresinhe
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

<p class="abstrak2">Recently the utilization of biological feed additives over chemical feed additives in animal feeds have increased. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing wild guinea grass (panicum maximum) with two plant species, artocarpus heterophyllus (jack leaves; ah) and tridax procumbens (Tp) containing plant secondary metabolites tannin and saponin, respectively and the enzyme product dyadic cellulase (Ce) and yeast (Ye). For each suplement two levels of treatments were tested. In plant-based suplements 20 (Aht1, Tpt1) and 30% (Aht2 and Tpt2) substituted the base substrate. The enzyme was applied as 10 µl (Cet1) and 20 µl (Cet2) and yeast as 4 mg (Yet1) and 6 mg (Yet2). the experimental design was a randomized complete block design (rcbd) and the period of in vitro rumen fermentation incubation was 72 hrs. All treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) enhanced the in vitro gas production (Ivgp) compared with the control. Treatments of ah and ce significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved the in vitro rumen dry matter degradability (ivrdmd). All treatments significantly (P&lt;0.05) suppressed the ruminal protozoa population as compared to the control. Ammonia nitrogen (Nh3-N) production was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced with supplements. in conclusion, treatments enhanced the rumen fermentation in means of enhanced ivgp, ivrdmd and reduced protozoa numbers.</p>

scholarly journals Dose-response effects of sage (Salvia officinalis) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) essential oils on rumen fermentation in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Mina Kahvand ◽  
Mostafa Malecky
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Alpha Pinene

Abstract This study aimed at determining the chemical composition of sage essential oil (SEO) and yarrow essential oil (YEO), and investigate in vitro their impacts on gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and fermentation, and rumen methanogenesis at different dosages (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg L-1 for SEO; and 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L−1 for YEO). Alpha-pinene and 1,8 cineol were two major constituents of both SEO and YEO. Both SEO and YEO had a linear and quadratic effect on asymptotic gas production (P<0.05). The gas production rate increased linearly with SEO and curve-linearly with YEO dosages (P<0.05). In vitro degradability of dry matter and organic matter decreased only by YEO. The partitioning factor (PF) and the microbial biomass (MB) decreased and increased linearly with YEO and SEO dosages, respectively (P<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids (VFA ) were not affected by SEO, but decreased in a linear and quadratic manner with YEO dosage (P<0.05). The VFA pattern was modified in a linear and quadratic manner by both SEO and YEO (P<0.05). Ammonia concentration increased linearly only with YEO increasing doses. The methane to total gas (TG) ratio decreased quadratically only by SEO with reductions of 6.7, 13 and 4.2% at the doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg L−1, respectively. These results revealed that SEO modifies the rumen fermentation positively towards producing more MB and less methane in the dose range of 0-750 mg L−1, however, YEO adversely affected the rumen fermentation at all the tested doses.

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