scholarly journals Weight yield factor, chemical composition and energy value in three imported shellfish species in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. O. Lawal-Are ◽  
R. O. Moruf ◽  
F. L. Ojeah ◽  
L. O. Taiwo ◽  
O. E. Aligbe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Yield Factor

Shellfish is a major component of our global aquatic food supply, which includes the molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the weight yield factor, chemical composition and energy value in three imported shellfish species (Palinurus regius, Sepia officinalis and Farfantepenaeus notialis) in Nigeria. The physical and chemical determinations were in accordance with the official methods. The results showed that all the shellfish species had weight yield factor less than 1, and the weights obtained for the samples showed no statistically significant differences before and after boiling. In raw samples, S. officinalis had significant (p<0.05) higher protein and crude fat values of 20.41±0.63 g/100 g and 2.67±0.68 g/100 g respectively. In boiled samples, high protein levels (15.21-19.22 g/100 g) with no significant difference characterized the overall proximate profile of shellfish species studied herein. In terms of minerals, all investigated elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sodium) were generally found at lower levels in boiled samples when compared with the mineral contents of the raw shellfish samples. S. officinalis had the higher total energy value in both raw (344.94 kJ 100/g) and boiled samples (373.96 kJ 100/g). All the species can be considered as food items with  interesting dietetic properties due to high contents of proteins, minerals and useful energy values.     Les mollusques et crustacés sont une composante importante de notre approvisionnement alimentaire aquatique mondial, qui comprend les mollusques, les crustacés et les échinodermes. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le facteur de rendement pondération, la composition chimique et la valeur énergétique de trois espèces importées de mollusques et crustacés (Palinurus regius, Sepia officinalis et Farfantepenaeus notialis) au Nigéria. Les déterminations physiques et chimiques étaient conformes aux méthodes officielles. Les résultats ont montré que toutes les espèces de mollusques et crustacés avaient un facteur de rendement de poids inférieur à 1, et les poids obtenus pour les échantillons n'ont montré aucune différence statistiquement significative avant et après l'ébullition. Dans les échantillons crus, S. officinalis avait des valeurs significatives (p<0.05) de protéines et de matières grasses brutes de 20.41±0.63 g/100 g et 2.67±0.68 g/100 g respectivement. Dans les échantillons bouillis, des niveaux élevés de protéines (15.21-19.22 g/100 g) sans différence significative ont caractérisé le profil proximate global des espèces de mollusques et crustacés étudiées dans le présente. En ce qui concerne les minéraux, tous les éléments étudiés (calcium, magnésium, potassium, phosphore et sodium) ont généralement été trouvés à des niveaux inférieurs dans les échantillons bouillis par rapport au contenu minéral des échantillons de mollusques et crustacés crus. S. officinalis avait la valeur énergétique totale la plus élevée dans les échantillons bruts (344.94 kJ 100/g) et bouillis (373.96 kJ 100/g). Toutes les espèces peuvent être considérées comme des aliments aux propriétés diététiques intéressantes en raison de la teneur élevée en protéines, minéraux et valeurs énergétiques utiles.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE CROISSANCE SUR LE RENDEMENT EN MATIERE SECHE ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE FOURRAGES D’AVOINE IMMATURE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL GERVAIS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Detailed Chemical

The forage yields and the detailed chemical composition of six cultivars of oats harvested at the vegetative stage (three cuttings during the growing season to simulate grazing) and at the heading and dough stages (one cutting for silage) were established over a period of 3 yr. No significant difference in the dry matter yields of the cultivars was found within any of the three stages of growth. Highly significant increases in the yields, however, were recorded with advance in maturity from 4210 kg/ha at the vegetative stage to 6754 kg at heading and 9219 kg at dough stage. Likewise, the percent dry matter increased progressively from 12% to 19% to 33% for the same stages. In general, the organic and mineral compositions of the cultivars did not vary significantly within any stage of growth, but were influenced by the age of the tissues. The total digestible nutrient, the crude protein, the cell contents and the mineral elements Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Zn and Fe decreased while the nitrogen-free extract, the cell walls, the lignin and the hemicellulose increased from the vegetative to the dough stage. The other constituents exhibited a less defined pattern or remained relatively stable from one stage to another.Key words: Yields, chemical composition, stages of growth, cultivars, forage oats

scholarly journals Chemical composition as related to seed color of common bean

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Andrade Silva ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Lucas Gontijo Silva Maia
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Grain Color ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study aimed to quantify the levels of protein and minerals in common bean lines from the Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Lavras and to investigate the relationship between color and the mineral and protein contents of the beans. One hundred common bean lines with carioca, black and other grain color patterns were assessed for the protein levels and the mineral contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, and iron. Genetic variability was detected among the different groups and also between lines within each group. In general, the protein, iron and zinc contents were highest in the black bean lines. The carioca grain was outstanding for manganese and magnesium and the other grain colors for calcium. Positive correlations between most nutrients were observed. This indicates the possibility of obtaining lines with higher nutritional value by selection.

scholarly journals The effect of bee pollen as dietary supplement on meat chemical composition for broiler Ross 308

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Haščík ◽  
Ibrahim Omer Elamin Elimam ◽  
Jozef Garlík ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Juraj Čuboň ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

The present experiment was aimed to study the effect of bee pollen on the meat chemical composition of broiler’s Ross 308 breast and thigh muscles. In the experimental groups were added bee pollen in an amount (group E1 – 2 500 mg.kg−1, group E2 – 3 500 mg.kg−1 and E3 – 4 500 mg.kg−1) to the feed mixtures for 42 days. At the end of the study the water content was higher in experimental groups than the control group and on breasts there were a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between control groups and experimental groups (E1, E2 and E3) also there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the experimental E3 and experimental E1, E2 groups. In protein content, the control group was higher than experimental groups and there no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) among the groups. In fat content, the control group (2.04%, 13.2%) was higher than experimental groups E1 group (1.59%, except thigh 14.11%), E2 group (1.70%, 13.00%) and E3 group (1.51%, 10.96%) and on breast there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between control group and experimental groups E1, E3 and on thigh there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between experimental E3 and experimental E1, E2 groups. In energy value (kJ.100 g−1) of the breast and thigh muscles in control was higher than experimental groups and on the breasts there were a significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between control group and experimental groups (E1, E3) and on the thigh there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between experimental E1 and experimental E3 groups. From the study we concluded that the bee pollen has a positive effect of the breast’s meat chemical composition of broiler, which led to increase the water contact and reduce the fat content and energy value, but he had a normal effect on thigh, also bee pollen has normal effect on the protein content of the breast and thigh muscles.

KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAGING SEGAR DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK KELELAWAR OLAHAN

ZOOTEC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Tiltje Andretha Ransaleleh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Steam Cooking

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSING BAT (Pteropus alecto) FRESH MEAT. Study was done to evaluate chemical composition and preference degree of the consumers on the processing bat meat compared with beef, chicken and cakalang fish using steam cooking method, flavor cooking and spicy cooking method. Chemical composition was analyzed by proximate analysis using procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The organoleptic test was done by hedonic test. Data of the hedonic test were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis method. To evaluate data distribution of the panelist respons on the sample test, the data were using plot graphic box. The hedonic scales were using 1 to 7. The variables used were including color, taste, flavor, tenderness and general acceptance. Results of proximate analyses of bat meat based on fresh meat indicated that water content was 67.21 percents and protein was 20.48 percents. Based on dry matter, the protein contents of bat meat, pork, chicken, and cakalang fish were 48.97 percents, 69.08 percents, 67.14 percents, and 69.41 percents, respectively. The water contents were 5.76 percents, 9.92 percents, 8.27 percents, and 9.90 percents, repsectively; the calcium (Ca) contents were also 10.62 percents, 1.09 percents, 1.36 percents, 1.38 percents, respectively; while Phosphor (P) contents were 1.46 percents, 0.69 percents, 0.66 percents, and 0.72 percents, respectively. Variance analysis for organoleptic test showed that meat type with different processing affected significantly on taste, color, flavor, tenderness and general preference of bat meat, beef meat, chicken meat and cakalang fish by steam cooking, chicken flavor, and spicy cooking methods. Conclusion, bat meat contained protein relatively lower than that in pork meat, chicken meat, and cakalang fish, but mineral contents were relative higher. Results of organoleptic test showed that preference degree of processing meat were higher on using spicy flavor. The specific test on taste, color, flavor, tenderness and general responsed showed relatively the same responses by the panelists.   Key word: Chemical composition, organoleptic test, processing bat meat

Long-term treadmill training ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yuan Lin ◽  
Shin-Da Lee ◽  
Chia-Ting Su ◽  
Tsung-Lin Cheng ◽  
Ai-Lun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nos Inhibitors

Dysfunction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The influence of long-term exercise on vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension remains unclear. We investigated whether long-term treadmill training improved insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise (SHR-EX) groups. The SHR-EX group was trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as the normal control group. After training, aortic insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was evaluated in organ baths. Additionally, the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and aortic protein expression were examined in the three groups. Compared with sedentary SHR and WKY groups, insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced to a nearly normal level in the SHR-EX group. After endothelial denudation, blunted and comparable vasorelaxation was found among the three groups. Pretreatment with selective PI3K and NOS inhibitors attenuated insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation, and no significant difference was found among the three groups after the pretreatment. The aortic protein levels of the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were also significantly increased in the SHR-EX group compared with the other two groups. These results suggested that treadmill training elicited the amelioration of endothelium-dependent insulin/IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation partly via the increased activation of PI3K and NOS, as well as the enhancement of protein levels of IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and eNOS, in hypertension.

scholarly journals In vitro study of human osteoblast proliferation and morphology on orthodontic mini-implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Carvalho Bueno ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Anchorage ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the proliferation and morphology of human osteoblasts cultured on two brands of mini-implants after 24, 48, and 72 hours, in addition to the chemical composition found on their surface. Materials and Methods:  Two brands of mini-implant (Morelli and Neodent) were evaluated; polystyrene was used as a control group (n  =  3). Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of sterilized mini-implants in a CO2 incubator at different time periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Osteoblast proliferation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy using up to 5000× magnification, and cell morphology was analyzed by a single observer. For the chemical analysis, spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence was used to identify and quantify chemical components on the surface of the mini-implants. Results:  Two-way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between the factors studied (P  =  0.686). A Tukey test revealed no significant difference in osteoblast proliferation between the mini-implants at all studied periods; however, a difference in cell proliferation was detected between the Neodent and the control group (P  =  .025). For all groups, time had a direct and positive effect on osteoblast proliferation (P &lt; .001). The significant elements present in both brands of mini-implants were titanium, aluminum, vanadium, and iron. Conclusions:  Osteoblast proliferation was present on the mini-implants studied, which increased over time; however, no significant difference between brands was observed. No difference was seen between the mini-implants evaluated in terms of chemical composition. Cell adhesion after 72 hours suggests that areas of bone remodeling can be achieved, thus initiating the process of mini-implant anchorage.

scholarly journals Establishment of peritoneal liquid electrophoretogram from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F.S. Nogueira ◽  
P.A. Di Filippo ◽  
L.A. Anai ◽  
M.C. Vieira ◽  
K.M.M.G. Simplício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Page Electrophoresis ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The initial inflammatory stages of the colic syndrome include changes known as acute phase response. The aim of this study was to contribute with the establishment of reference values concerning the electrophoretogram of peritoneal liquid from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction. Twenty-one horses were allotted in four groups: duodenal obstruction (DG), ileum obstruction (IG), left-dorsal colon obstruction (MG), and control group (CG). Peritoneal liquid was sampled before obtruction (T0), with 3 hours of obstruction (T3) and 6, 30, 102 and 174 hours after desobstructing (T6, T30, T102 and T174, respectively). Total protein levels were determined by the biuret method and protein fractions were obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The acute phase proteins (APP) identified were Immunoglobulin-A, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitrypsin, heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin-G, haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein and a still unnamed protein, which was called P24. There was no difference (P>0.3) in protein levels among groups, although a significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between distinct experimental moments in each group evidencing a higher response of the APP in the obstructed groups. The APP fractioning of the peritoneal liquid was standardized to establish a standard curve for healthy equines and those submitted to induced intestinal obstruction. Moreover, it was verified that the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was sensitive and effective to help diagnose abdominal inflammatory processes.

Lower antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiru Zhang ◽  
Vibeke Sørensen Catts ◽  
Cynthia Shannon Weickert
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
And Control

Objective: The glutathione (GSH) pathway is the main antioxidant system to protect against oxidative stress in the human brain. In this study, we tested whether molecular components of the GSH antioxidant system are changed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue from people with schizophrenia compared to controls. Method: The levels of total glutathione and reduced GSH were determined by fluorometric assay via quantifying thiols in extracts from frontal cortex of 68 people. Immunoblotting was used to measure levels of enzymes responsible for maintaining GSH, the glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC) and the GSH peroxidase (GPx)-like protein ( n = 74). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure GCLC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Results: Both total glutathione ( t(66) = 2.467, p = 0.016) and reduced GSH ( t(66) = 3.001, p = 0.004) levels were significantly less in people with schizophrenia than in controls. However, there were no significant differences in either GCLC-like protein ( t(72) = −1.077, p = 0.285) or GCLC mRNA expression ( t(71) = −0.376, p = 0.708) between people with schizophrenia and control subjects. There was also no significant difference of GPx-like protein levels between schizophrenia and controls ( t(72) = −0.060, p = 0.952). Moreover, no significant correlations of putative confounding factors with GSH changes were detected. Discussion: These results suggest that people with schizophrenia have impaired GSH antioxidant capacity, alongside normal levels of key regulatory proteins.

scholarly journals Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko L. Erukainure ◽  
Osaretin A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
Folasade O. Adeboyejo ◽  
Olufunmilola O. Oladunmoye ◽  
Muhammad Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p<0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

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