scholarly journals Impact of climate change on poultry production: A review Impact du changement climatique sur la production avicole: un bilan

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
O. A. Irivboje ◽  
O. O. Olufayo ◽  
Y. I. Irivboje

One of the major challenges the world is facing currently is the issue of climate change, which  is majorly caused by the emission of greenhouse gas that results in warming of the  atmosphere, thus poses a threat to agriculture, socio-economic development and feed  sustainability. An aspect of agriculture majorly affected by climate change is poultry  production. The effect of climate change can be felt by poultry birds due to its range in  thermal condition that affects the animal's physiological and behavioural activities.  Production in Poultry birds is mostly at its peak under a tolerable heat condition. An  understanding of how to control environmental conditions is very crucial to a successful  poultry production and welfare. Climate change influences the following aspect of poultry  production; chicken embryonic development, growth and production efficiency, egg  production and egg quality, meat quality and disease.       L'un des principaux défis auxquels le monde est actuellement confronté est le problème du  changement climatique, qui est principalement causé par l'émission de gaz à effet de serre  qui entraîne un réchauffement de l'atmosphère, qui constitue donc une menace pour  l'agriculture, le développement socio-économique et la durabilité des aliments. La  production de volaille est l'un des aspects de l'agriculture les plus touchés par le changement  climatique. L'effet du changement climatique peut être ressenti par les volailles en raison de  sa plage de conditions thermiques qui affecte les activités physiologiques et comportementales de l'animal. La production des volailles est surtout à son apogée dans des  conditions de chaleur tolérables. Une compréhension de la façon de contrôler les conditions  environnementales est très cruciale pour une production et un bien-être avicole réussis. Le  changement climatique influence l'aspect suivant de la production de volaille;  développement embryonnaire de poulet, croissance et efficacité de la production, production  et qualité des œufs, qualité de la viande et maladies. 

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. O. Adereti ◽  
I. O. Ibitunde ◽  
S. O. Adedeji

Climate change plays important role in poultry production, it affects both the egg production aspect of poultry and management. The study was carried out to determine the perception of farmers on the effect climate change on poultry production in Osun State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio economic characteristics of poultry farmers in the study area, determined the perception of the poultry farmers on climate change and identified the problems facing poultry farmers in their production. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. At the first stage, all the three agricultural zones in the State (Ife/Ilesha, Iwo and Osogbo zones) were selected, at the second stage 40% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each agricultural zone of the State were randomly selected resulting to five LGAs from Osogbo zone, 4 LGAs in Ife/Ilesha zone and LGAs from Iwo zone. This gave a total of 12 LGAs all. At the final stage 10 communities were selected from each LGA and 10 respondents were selected randomly from the selected communities resulting to a total of 120 respondents. Structured interview schedules were designed in English and used to elicit data from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The results showed that more than majority (65.8%) of the respondents were males. The mean age of the respondents was 43. 72 ± 10.51 years. The mean of household size was 5.21 ± 1.84. In addition, climate changes affected the farmers rearing season of poultry birds (5.32) ranked highest among the respondents' perception on climate change followed by farmers' decision making concerning the type of livestock to rear can be affected by climate change (5.10). Diseases (4.61) ranked highest among the effects of climate change on farmers' poultry production followed by infertility (3.21). Diseases and parasites (1.00), inadequate access to feed (1.00) and cost of feed (1.00) ranked highest and equally among the problems facing poultry farmers in their production. The study concluded that majority of the farmers were aware that climate change has negative effect on poultry production. It was recommended that more awareness on effect of climate change on poultry production should be created and that farmers should engage professionals like veterinary doctors to manage the health of their poultry.     Le changement climatique joue un rôle important dans la production de volaille, il affecte à la fois l'aspect de la production d'œufs de la volaille et la gestion. L'étude a été réalisée pour déterminer la perception des agriculteurs sur l'effet du changement climatique sur la production de volaille dans l'État d'Osun, au Nigéria. Plus précisément, il a décrit les caractéristiques socio-économiques des aviculteurs dans la zone d'étude, déterminé la perception des aviculteurs sur le changement climatique et identifié les problèmes auxquels sont confrontés les aviculteurs dans leur production. Une procédure d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour sélectionner les répondants pour l'étude. À la première étape, les trois zones agricoles de l'État (zones Ife / Ilesha, Iwo et Osogbo) ont été sélectionnées, à la deuxième étape 40% des zones de gouvernement local (LGA) de chaque zone agricole de l'État ont été sélectionnées au hasard résultant de cinq LGA de la zone Osogbo, 4 LGA de la zone Ife / Ilesha et des LGA de la zone Iwo. Cela a donné un total de 12 LGA. Au stade final, 10 communautés ont été sélectionnées dans chaque LGA et 10 répondants ont été sélectionnés au hasard parmi les communautés sélectionnées, soit un total de 120 répondants. Les calendriers d'entrevue structurés ont été conçus en anglais et utilisés pour obtenir des données auprès des répondants. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles telles que les nombres de fréquences, les pourcentages, la moyenne et l'écart type. Les résultats ont montré que plus de la majorité (65.8%) des répondants étaient des hommes. L'âge moyen des répondants était de 43.72 ± 10.51 ans. La taille moyenne des ménages était de 5.21 ± 1.84. En outre, les changements climatiques ont affecté la saison d'élevage des volailles par les agriculteurs (5,32) classée au premier rang parmi la perception des répondants sur le changement climatique, suivie par la prise de décision des agriculteurs concernant le type de bétail à élever peut être affecté par le changement climatique (5.10). Parmi les effets du changement climatique sur la production de volaille des agriculteurs, les maladies (4.61) se classaient au premier rang, suivies de l'infertilité (3.21). Les maladies et les parasites (1.00), l'accès insuffisant aux aliments pour animaux (1.00) et le coût des aliments (1.00) se classaient au premier rang et à égalité parmi les problèmes auxquels les aviculteurs étaient confrontés dans leur production. L'étude a conclu que la majorité des agriculteurs étaient conscients que le changement climatique a un effet négatif sur la production de volaille. Il a été recommandé de sensibiliser davantage aux effets du changement climatique sur la production de volaille et que les agriculteurs engagent des professionnels tels que les médecins vétérinaires pour gérer la santé de leurs volailles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Erinda Lika ◽  
Marija Kostić ◽  
Sunčica Vještica ◽  
Ivan Milojević ◽  
Nikola Puvača

The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Chunjie Wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra R. Di Rosa ◽  
Biagina Chiofalo ◽  
Vittorio Lo Presti ◽  
Vincenzo Chiofalo ◽  
Luigi Liotta

In poultry production, the intensive use of high-performing hybrid animals led to loss of genetic variability and a consequent lower response to climatic change and disease. Poultry biodiversity is seriously threatened, and its safeguard is a strong objective in developed countries. According to the FAO, which emphasized the importance of native breeds for its country of origin, the aim of this study was to present the first contribution on eggs quality for endangered the Siciliana chicken breed and deepen knowledge on the local Livorno breed. At 20 weeks of age, 108 laying hens (54 Siciliana breed and 54 Livorno breed) were divided into six homogeneous groups of 18 hens each and reared according to requirements imposed by the EC Regulation 889/08 for organic production. The production cycle was controlled over one year, and egg production was recorded daily by group. Eggs were collected, weighted, and measured. Physico-chemical parameter and fatty acids profile were analyzed and nutritional indexes calculated. The statistical model included the effects of breed (Siciliana, Livorno). Egg production was 190 egg/head for Siciliana and 180 for Livorno group. The results showed similar values for Siciliana and Livorno egg quality, highlighting several valuable quality traits from these breeds which might be taken into account for conservation programs.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Shad Mahfuz ◽  
Xiangshu Piao

Application of different medicinal mushrooms intended to enhance production performance and health status has created an importance demand in poultry production. One goal of using medicinal mushrooms is to get rid of antibiotics in poultry feed without affecting the optimum performance. Increasing concerns about this issue have led to more attention on antibiotic substitutes and a significant demand for them for organic egg production. Thus, supplementation with medicinal mushrooms is a new concept for research in layer production, however, there is still a great deal of confusion about inclusion levels and the mode of action of medicinal mushrooms on production performance and health status in laying hens. Taking this into account, this review outlines the experimental uses of medicinal fungi on the growth performance, laying performance, egg quality, and health status of layer birds based on previous findings to date. Finally, we highlight that supplementation with medicinal fungi can play a role on the immunity, health, and production performance in laying hens.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shad Mahfuz ◽  
Xiang Shu Piao

Application of natural herbs with a view to enhancing production performance and health status has created an important demand in poultry production. With the increasing concerns on this issue, greater attention paid to alternatives to antibiotics for organic meat and egg production has led to a great demand. This study was conducted with view to assessing the possible role of M. oleifera as a natural feed supplement in poultry ration. Various scientific findings and published research articles were considered concerning issues including the study background, objectives, major findings, and conclusions of the review. M oleifera is known as a miracle tree because of its wealthy resource of various nutrients with high biological values. M. oleifera has been used as a growth promoter, immune enhancer, antioxidant, and has a hypo-cholesterol effect on chickens. It has both nutritional and therapeutic values. However, there is still much confusion in past published articles involving the major roles of M. oleifera in production performance and health status of chickens. Taking this into account, the present study highlights an outline of the experimental uses of M. oleifera on growth performance, egg production performance, egg quality, and health status in broilers and laying hens justified with the past findings to the present. The knowledge gaps from the past studies are considered, and the feasibility of M. oleifera in poultry ration is suggested. The findings have motivated further study on M. oleifera to find out the most active ingredients and their optimal doses in both broiler and laying hen rations. Finally, the present study highlights that supplementation of M. oleifera may play a role in the immunity, sound health, and production performance in poultry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. O. Awodola-Peters ◽  
T. A. Olaniyi ◽  
O. Y. Adedeji ◽  
M. O. Bolarinwa ◽  
...  

As the demand for livestock products is on the increase due to improved standard of living, the fear of its negative effect of climate is also on the increase. The impact of climate change on livestock production was reviewed in this study. Livestock through contributes to the emissions which in turn has negative impact on livestock production. Humans, animals and mixed farming, produce emissions which contribute so much to the change in climate. Heat stress associated with climate change has an enormous effect on poultry production as it affects chicken growth and productivity as poultry meat and eggs play an important food security role across Africa and world at large. Understanding how farmers deal with the realities of poultry production due to climate change is critical. In pig production the influence of climate change may differ slightly depending on the breed types and locality but common problems are lack of water, pests and diseases, death of the animal at extreme heat stress and possible alteration in grazing behavior which will lead ultimately to decrease in feed intake and feed digestibility and efficiency of feed utilization which can be seen in terms of growth, pork yield and milk production. Ruminants which are the primary producers of methane (CH4) has many factors influencing these emissions such as level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet and feed processing. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle.     La demande de produits de bétail étant en agrandissement en raison de l'amélioration du niveau de vie, la crainte de son effet négatif sur le climat est également en augmentation. L'impact du changement climatique sur la production animale a été examiné dans cette étude. L'élevage contribue aux émissions qui à leur tour ont un impact négatif sur la production animale. Les humains, les animaux et l'agriculture mixte, produisent des émissions qui contribuent beaucoup au changement climatique. Le stress thermique associé au changement climatique a un effet énorme sur la production de volaille car il affecte la croissance et la productivité des poulets, car la viande et les œufs de volaille jouent un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique et dans le monde en général. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment les agriculteurs gèrent les réalités de la production de volaille en raison du changement climatique. Dans la production porcine, l'influence du changement climatique peut différer légèrement selon le type de race et la localité, mais les problèmes courants sont le manque d'eau, les ravageurs et les maladies, la mort de l'animal en cas de stress thermique extrême et une éventuelle modification du comportement de pâturage qui entraînera finalement une diminution dans l'ingestion et la digestibilité des aliments et l'efficacité de l'utilisation des aliments qui peuvent être vus en termes de croissance, de rendement de porc et de production de lait. Les ruminants qui sont les principaux producteurs de méthane (CH4) ont de nombreux facteurs influençant ces émissions tels que le niveau de consommation alimentaire, le type de glucides dans l'alimentation et la transformation des aliments. La manipulation de ces facteurs peut réduire les émissions de méthane des bovins.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A. O. Agbeja ◽  
K. A. Olaifa ◽  
D. R. Akindolu ◽  
H. O. Salau ◽  
M. S. Akinlade

The livestock system is one of the most important characteristics of agrarian economy; livestock sector provides sustainability and stability to the national economy by contributing to farm energy and food security. Climate change is seen as a major threat to the survival of many species, ecosystems and the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world. Green house gases (GHG) are released in the atmosphere both by natural sources and anthropogenic (human related) activities. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and reproduction, impact on livestock health, impact on feed and fodder availability, reduction in livestock population and impact of climate change on livestock genetics resource. However, the climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world, this results in decreased animal production and productivity.     Le système de bétail est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes de l'économie agraire; Le secteur de l'élevage assure la durabilité et la stabilité de l'économie nationale en contribuant à l'énergie agricole et à la sécurité alimentaire. Le changement climatique est considéré comme une menace majeure pour la survie de nombreuses espèces, écosystèmes et la durabilité des systèmes de production animale dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Les gaz à effet de serre (GES) sont rejetés dans l'atmosphère à la fois par des sources naturelles et par des activités anthropiques (liées à l'homme). L'impact du changement climatique peut accroître la vulnérabilité des systèmes de bétail et exacerber les tensions existantes sur eux, telles que la sécheresse. Les parasites et les maladies sont parmi les facteurs les plus graves qui ont un impact sur la production et la reproduction du bétail, un impact sur la santé du bétail, un impact sur les aliments et la disponibilité du fourrage, la réduction du cheptel et l'impact du changement climatique sur les ressources génétiques du bétail. Cependant, le changement climatique, en particulier le réchauffement climatique, peut fortement influencer les performances de production des animaux d'élevage à travers le monde, ce qui entraîne une baisse de la production et de la productivité animales.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e570974509
Author(s):  
Rafael Alan Baggio ◽  
Samuel Jacinto Lunardi ◽  
Manuela Testa ◽  
Jhonatan Pazinatto Boito ◽  
Marcel Manente Boiago ◽  
...  

The aim to evaluate whether different beak trimming methods affected the performance and well-being of laying hens raised in cage and floor systems. During the starter phase, we used a completely randomized design, with three treatments (hot blade beak trimming, infrared beak trimming, and no beak trimming (control)), with four repetitions and in the grower and production phase, we used a factorial arrangement scheme involving two production systems (cage or floor) and three beak management methods (as above). We reared the birds in starter, grower and production phases over a course of 30 weeks. We evaluated productivity, egg quality, behavioral parameters and biochemical variables. In the starter phase, control birds showed higher blood glucose levels (p=0.043). In the grower phase, birds subjected to hot blade beak trimming and control birds showed lower feed intake and better feed conversion. Triglyceride levels were higher in the cage rearing system (p<0.05). In the production phase, the cage rearing system showed higher productivity (p<0.05), mean egg weight (p<0.01), cholesterol levels (p<0.05) and oxygen reactive species levels (p<0.05). In the production phase, the floor system gave rise to a higher frequency of comfort movement behaviors (p<0.01). Hens in cage had improved their performance and had greater egg production efficiency. The choice of the beak method depends on the breeding system.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Chunjie Wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups; the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to I. (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group II. Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.


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