scholarly journals Sarcopenia and nutritional support for elderly and senile patients

Author(s):  
Т.В. Новикова ◽  
И.Н. Пасечник ◽  
В.Ю. Рыбинцев

Демографическое старение населения приводит к значительному увеличению доли лиц пожилого и старческого возраста как на амбулаторном, так и стационарном этапах лечения. За последнее десятилетие средний возраст основного контингента больных в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии составляет более 65 лет, с тенденцией к увеличению, что предопределяет стратегию более тщательной оценки подходов к проведению лечебных мероприятий с учетом полиморбидности и функциональных возможностей пациентов старших возрастных групп как в период пребывания в стационаре, так и на дальнейших этапах восстановления и реабилитации. Известно, что в целом длительность пребывания в отделениях интенсивной терапии пожилых пациентов значительно выше, а результаты лечения и реабилитации достоверно ниже, чем у более молодых. Это связано с сочетанием целого ряда факторов: коморбидности/полиморбидности пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, снижения функциональных резервов организма, синдрома старческой астении, главными составляющими которого являются саркопения, недостаточность питания. Связь старческой астении с увеличением длительности госпитализации, снижением физической активности, развитием функциональных дефицитов, увеличением риска падений, переломов и смертности достаточно хорошо изучена, однако в рутинной клинической практике оценке нутритивного статуса, диагностике недостаточности питания и решению проблемы недостаточности питания пациентов с синдромом старческой астении и саркопении уделяется недостаточное внимание, несмотря на известные факты о взаимосвязи недостаточности питания, снижения массы скелетных мышц, в том числе их силы или функции с неблагоприятным исходами заболевания. В амбулаторном этапе, кроме малоподвижного образа жизни, развитию и прогрессированию саркопении часто способствуют наличие тяжелого заболевания, сопровождающегося системным воспалением, метаболическая резистентность, нутритивная недостаточность и депрессия, характерные для данной категории больных. Современные подходы к лечению пациента пожилого и старческого возраста подразумевают проведение регулярной оценки нутритивного статуса и консультирование по вопросам рационального питания с внедрением методов нутритивной поддержки в комплексную программу ведения пожилого пациента наряду с основными лечебными и реабилитационными мероприятиями с целью замедления прогрессирования синдрома астении и саркопении. Demographic aging of the population leads to a significant increase in the proportion of elderly and senile people, both at the outpatient and inpatient stages of treatment. Over the past decade, the average age of the main contingent of patients in intensive care and intensive care units is more than 65 years, with a tendency to increase, which predetermines the strategy for a more thorough assessment of approaches to treatment measures, taking into account polymorbidity and functional capabilities of patients of older age groups, as the period of stay in hospital, and at further stages of recovery and rehabilitation. It is known that, in general, the duration of stay in intensive care units for elderly patients is much longer, and the results of treatment and rehabilitation are significantly lower than that of younger patients. This is due to a combination of a number of factors: comorbidity/polymorbidity of elderly and senile patients, decreased functional reserves of the body, senile asthenia syndrome, the main components of which are sarcopenia, and malnutrition. The relationship of senile asthenia with an increase in the duration of hospitalization, a decrease in physical activity, the development of functional deficits, an increase in the risk of falls, fractures and mortality is well understood, however, in routine clinical practice, assessing nutritional status, diagnosing malnutrition and solving the problem of malnutrition in patients with senile asthenia syndrome and Insufficient attention is paid to sarcopenia, despite the known facts about the relationship of malnutrition, a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, including their strength or function, with unfavorable outcomes of the disease. In the outpatient phase, in addition to a sedentary lifestyle, the development and progression of sarcopenia is often facilitated by the presence of a severe illness accompanied by systemic inflammation, metabolic resistance, nutritional deficiency and depression characteristic of this category of patients. Modern approaches to the treatment of an elderly and senile patient imply a regular assessment of the nutritional status and counseling on rational nutrition with the introduction of nutritional support methods into a comprehensive management program for an elderly patient, along with basic treatment and rehabilitation measures in order to slow the progression of asthenia and sarcopenia syndrome.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Noor Diani ◽  
Devi Rahmayanti

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TBC) mengakibatkan penurunan asupan dan malabsorbsi nutrien serta metabolisme tubuh berubah sehingga terjadi massa otot dan lemak menurun akibat mekanisme malnutrisi dari energi protein. Malnutrisi pada TBC berpengaruh terhadap prognosis dan tingkat kematian. Peningkatan produksi IFNl- γ dan IL-6, TNF α menghambat dari aktivitas Lipo Protein Lipase (LPL) dijaringan lemak. Enzim LPL berperan dalam proses bersihan trigliserida. Peningkatan ini meningkatkan trigliserida sehingga proses sintesis lemak menurun dan proses lipolisis lemak meningkat di jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan trigliserida dan status gizi pada klien TBC. Metode penelitian ini korelasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, sampel 25 orang, dengan uji korelasi Pearson-Product Moment. Hasil penelitian status gizi dibawah normal 56%, normal 40% dan kelebihan berat badan 4%. Kadar Trigliserida normal 84%, trigliserida tinggi 16%. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kadar trigliserida dan status gizi yakni r hitung sebesar 0,5: r tabel = 0,396 sehingga r hitung > r tabel dengan korelasi positif.Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Status Gizi, Tuberkulosis.AbstractTuberculosis(TB) resulting the decreasing of nutrient intake and malabsorbsi as well as changing the metabolism of the body. The wasthing are decreased protein energy. Malnutrition on TB affects the prognosis of the treatment and death rates. The increase TNF α will inhibit the enzyme activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in the fat tissue. LPL enzyme plays a role in cleavage process of triglycerides. This research was to analyze the relationship of triglycerides and nutrition status on the client with tuberculosis. The design was cross-sectional approach. The respondents were gathered from 25 newly TB patients. The analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed 56% respondents undernutrition, and normal 40% and over nutrition 4%. Most triglyceride level of the respondent were normal (84). The concluded was a relationship between triglycerides and the nutritional status with a positive correlation ( P value 0,396).Keywords : Triglycerides, Nutritional Status, Tuberculosis


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Hasnizar ◽  
Evawany Aritonang ◽  
Etti Sudaryati

Adolescents are age group that is vulnerable to the nutritional problems. Factors that influence nutritional status in adolescents include physical activity. Physical activity including physical exercise which is one of the efforts to stabilize the intake and expenditure of food substances which is a priority source of energy in the body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of physical activity with nutritional status in students at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang District in 2019. The type of research used was quantitative research with cross sectional research design. The results obtained by the relationship of physical activity with the nutritional status of students p value of 0.003 or smaller than 0.05. The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship of physical activity with nutritional status in students at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan. Students who are doing physical activity have normal nutritional status because there is a balance between energy intake and expenditure.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Henny Arwina Bangun ◽  
Donal Nababan ◽  
Eva Yuliana

<p><em>Kelelahan kerja menunjukkan kondisi yang berbeda–beda dari setiap individu,  semua bermuara kepada kehilangan efisiensi dan penurunan kapasitas tubuh serta peningkatan peluang untuk cidera di tempat kerja. Pemanen Sawit merupakan salah satu pekerja yang beresiko mengalami kelelahan, dimana pekerjaannya dilakukan secara manual, atau aktivitas kerja dengan pembebanan fisik. Kelelahan kerja dipengaruhi  oleh  faktor dari pekerja dan luar pekerja.Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan  karakteristik  pekerja seperti umur, masa kerja, riwayat penyakit dan status gizi, serta beban kerja dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja pekerja. Tujuan  penelitian  untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pekerja dan beban kerja dengan kelelahan kerja pada pemanen sawit di PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk. Jenis penelitian analitik, pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dengan metode total sampling yaitu sebanyak 64 responden. Hasil  penelitian  diperoleh  ada  hubungan  antara  umur  dengan  kelelahan  kerja (p=0.000),  ada  hubungan  antara  masa kerja dengan kelelahan kerja (p=0.001), ada hubungan  antara  riwayat  penyakit  dengan  kelelahan  kerja (p=0.001), ada  hubungan antara  status  gizi  dengan  kelelahan  kerja (p=0.001), dan  ada  hubungan  antara  beban kerja  dengan kelelahan kerja (p=0.017). Berdasarkan  hasil  penelitian  ini  disarankan  agar  perusahaan  melakukan  rotasi kerja  berdasarkan  kemampuan  fisik  dan  ketahanan  kerja  pemanen,  serta  memberikan safety  talk  untuk  melakukan  peregangan  tubuh  selama  10  menit.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Fatigue shows the condition of each individual, all leading to loss of efficiency</em><em>,</em><em>a decrease in body capacity</em><em>, </em><em>an increased chance of injury at work. Palm harvesters are one of the workers at risk</em><em> </em><em>of experiencing</em><em> </em><em>fatigue,</em><em> </em><em>where work is done manually,work activities with physical loading.Work exhaustion is influenced by factors from workers and outside workers. Therefore, research needs to be done on the relationship of worker characteristics such as age, years of service, disease history and nutritional status, and workload with work fatigue levels. work with work fatigue on palm harvesters at PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk.Type</em><em> </em><em>of analytic research, cross sectional approach. Samples with total sampling method were 64 respondents. The results showed that there was a relationship between age and work fatigue (p=0.000), there was a relationship between work period and work fatigue(p=0.001), there was a relationship between history of illness and work fatigue (p=0.001), there is a relationship between nutritional status and work fatigue</em><em> </em><em>(p=0.001),and there is</em><em> </em><em>a relationship betweenworkload and work fatigue (p=0.017).Based on the results of this study it is recommended that companies carry out work rotations based on physical abilities</em><em>, </em><em>work resilience of harvesters,</em><em>and</em><em>provide safety talk to stretch the body for 10 minutes</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Leili Yekefallah ◽  
Leila Dehghankar ◽  
Mahya Shafaei ◽  
Fereshteh Yekefallah

Background and aims: To know that how emotional intelligence and general health are related, can play a crucial role in the quality of nurses’ performance. The present study was conducted to compare the relationship of emotional intelligence and general health in nurses of intensive care units with other units in Qazvin city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in hospitals of Qazvin in 2018. To this end, 250 nurses were selected by random sampling. Data collection tool was Goldberg General Health Standard Questionnaire (GHQ) and Shearing’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 18.0 using the statistical tests of Pearson correlation, t test, ANOVA, chi-square, and liner regression. A P value less than 0.05 was also considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score of general health was 21.33 ± 10 and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 122.8 ± 11.5. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and general health and all general health components (P <0.05). Level of depression in Intensive Care Unit was higher than that in other units (P <0.05). Moreover, according to linear regression coefficient, there was a statistically significant association between general health and emotional intelligence (P <0.05), to such a degree that increasing emotional intelligence caused an increase in general health. This model identified 5.6% of health variance, emotional intelligence, and body mass index (BMI) variables as predictive variables. Conclusion: Considering the fact that nursing is a stressful profession, attention to emotional intelligence is very effective and valuable in improving mental health and as a result, in reducing job stress, increasing the quality of nursing care, reducing burnout, and ultimately increasing patient satisfaction from nursing care.


Author(s):  
Sukma Sahreni ◽  
Brain Gantoro

During growth and development, children need good nutrition that can produce energy. Less or more nutrition can interfere with processes in the body, where these processes have an impact on the child's development. One aspect of development that exists in children is the motoric aspect. Motor development in the form of a child's growth and development abilities. Gross motor in the form of body movements that use large muscles or most or all members of the body that are affected by the child's maturity. This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional status with gross motor development in TK IT Rabbani Batam students in 2019. This research method is observational analytic using a cross-sectional design conducted at TK IT Rabbani Batam. The sampling technique is total sampling with a sample of 54 people. Data collection using measurements of height, weight, and assessment of gross motor development using the DDST II sheet. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank statistical test. There were 2 children with underweight nutritional status consisting of 1 child (50%) with untestable/abnormal gross motor development and 1 child (50%) suspect. There are 38 children with normal nutritional status consisting of 3 children (7.9%) with untestable/abnormal gross motor development, 5 children (13.2%) suspect and 30 children (78.9%) normal. There are 14 children with obesity-obesity nutritional status consisting of 1 child (7.1%) with suspect gross motor development, 13 children (92.9%) normal. Statistical test results of the relationship of Nutrition Status with Gross Motor Development get p-value 0.025. There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and gross motor development in kindergarten IT Rabbani Batam students in 2019.


Author(s):  
Haluk Tanrıverdi ◽  
Orhan Akova ◽  
Nurcan Türkoğlu Latifoğlu

This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the qualifications of neonatal intensive care units of hospitals (physical conditions, standard applications, employee qualifications and use of personal protective equipment) and work related causes and risks, employee related causes and risks when occupational accidents occur. Accordingly, a survey was prepared and was made among 105 nurses working in 3 public and 3 private hospital's neonatal intensive care units, in the January of 2010. The survey consists of questions about the qualifications of neonatal intensive care units, work related causes and risks, and employee related causes and risks. From the regression analysis conducted, it has been found that confirmed hypotheses in several studies in the literature were not significant in this study. The sub-dimensions in which relationships has been found show that the improvement of the physical environment in workplace, the improvement of the employee qualifications and standard applications can reduce the rate of occupational accidents. According to the results of this study management should take care of the organizational factors besides to improvement of the physical environment in workplace, the improvement of the employee qualifications and standard applications.


2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Saya K. Koyshibaeva ◽  
◽  
Shokhan A. Alpeyisov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Fedorov ◽  
Nina S. Badryzlova ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.


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