Clinical significance of calculating the plasma anion gap in metabolic acidosis in newborns with neonatal sepsis

Author(s):  
О.К. Кирилочев

При критических состояниях одним из самых частых нарушений кислотно-основного состояния является метаболический ацидоз. При этом незаслуженно забытым параметром при диагностике метаболического ацидоза является анионный пробел плазмы. Целью исследования было определить возможности использования анионного пробела плазмы для дифференциальной диагностики метаболического ацидоза у новорожденных с неонатальным сепсисом. Для реализации поставленной цели проведено обследование пациентов отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии для новорожденных. Критериями включения в исследование были период новорожденности, наличие неонатального сепсиса, лабораторные признаки метаболического ацидоза. Всего под наблюдением находились 17 новорожденных детей с неонатальным сепсисом. Диагноз неонатального сепсиса устанавливался на основании подозреваемой или документированной инфекции в сочетании с остро возникшей органной дисфункцией, о развитии которой судили по индексу шкалы pSOFA на 2 балла и более от базового значения. Метаболический ацидоз был выявлен у 5 пациентов. У новорожденных с неонатальным сепсисом чаще регистрировался метаболический ацидоз с ростом анионного пробела плазмы, что обусловлено лактатным ацидозом в результате накопления молочной кислоты как маркера тканевой гипоксии. Уменьшение анионного пробела плазмы выявлялось реже и могло свидетельствовать о потерях бикарбонатного аниона через желудочно-кишечный тракт или в результате гипоальбуминемии. Показано, что анионный пробел плазмы может служить дополнительным информационным критерием для характеристики метаболического ацидоза. Расчет анионного пробела плазмы является недорогим и эффективным инструментом, способным помочь провести дифференциальный диагноз метаболического ацидоза у новорожденных с неонатальным сепсисом для назначения адекватной интенсивной терапии. In critical conditions, one of the most common acid-base disorders is metabolic acidosis. At the same time, an undeservedly forgotten parameter in the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is the plasma anion gap. Purpose of the study: to determine the possibility of using the plasma anion gap for differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis in newborns with neonatal sepsis. To achieve this goal, the patients of the intensive care unit and intensive care unit for newborns were examined. Inclusion criteria: neonatal period, presence of neonatal sepsis, laboratory signs of metabolic acidosis. In total, 17 newborns with neonatal sepsis were under observation. The diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was established on the basis of a suspected or documented infection in combination with acute organ dysfunction, the development of which was judged by the pSOFA index by 2 points or more from the baseline value. Metabolic acidosis was identified in 5 patients. In newborns with neonatal sepsis, metabolic acidosis was more often recorded with an increase in the plasma anion gap, which is due to lactic acidosis as a result of the accumulation of lactic acid, as a marker of tissue hypoxia. A decrease in the plasma anion gap was detected less frequently and could indicate a loss of bicarbonate anion through the gastrointestinal tract or as a result of hypoalbuminemia. It has been shown that the plasma anion gap can serve as an additional information criterion for characterizing metabolic acidosis. Plasma anion gap calculation is an inexpensive and effective tool that can help differentiate metabolic acidosis in newborns with neonatal sepsis for adequate intensive care.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Sitaram Shrestha

Neonatal period is a vulnerable period of life. In Nepal, most common causes of newborn admission in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis. This study explores the diseases with which 131 neonates were admitted from emergency department. Sepsis was the main cause of admission, followed by pneumonia.


Author(s):  
Akshay Dafal ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Sachin Agrawal ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Apoorva Nirmal

Abstract Introduction Anion gap (AG) metabolic acidosis is common in critically ill patients. The relationship between initial AG at the time of admission to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) and mortality or length of stay is unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate this relationship. Materials and Method We prospectively examined the acid–base status of 500 consecutive patients at the time of MICU admission and outcome was measured in terms of mortality, length of ICU stay, need of ventilator, and laboratory parameters. The patients were divided into four stages based on the severity of AG. Outcome based on the severity of AG was measured, and comparisons that adjusted for baseline characteristics were performed. Results This study showed that increased AG was associated with the higher mortality. Patients with the highest AG also had the longest length of stay in the MICU, and patients with normal acid–base status had the shortest ICU length of stays (p < 0.05). Conclusion A high AG at the time of admission to the MICU was associated with higher mortality and length of stays. Initial risk stratification based on AG and metabolic acidosis may help guide appropriate patient disposition (especially in patients without other definitive criteria for MICU admission) and assist with prognosis.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Prem Amalraj ◽  
Arun Kumar Narayanan ◽  
Satish Balan ◽  
Mathew Thomas

Background: Metabolic acidosis is a common abnormality in the intensive care unit. There has recently been a surge of interest in nontraditional approaches to the analysis of acid base disorders.Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare the application of the physicochemical method of Stewart and the traditional Henderson-Hasselbach equation withcorrection for albumin in quantification of acid base disorders.Materials and Methods: All patients with metabolic acidosis admitted to the ICU as defined by a base deficit of >2.5 were included in the study. The APACHE II score was calculated at admission and the predicted mortality was defined. The acid base disorders were quantified by the traditional approach with anion gap correction for serum albumin as well as by the Stewart method with calculation of the strong anion gap acidosis.Results: One-hundred forty patients were included in the study of which 58% were males. In 125 subjects (89%) acidosis was discovered by the Stewart method. The traditional method detected increased anion gap in 109 subjects (78%) but this increased to 124 (88.5%) when corrected for albumin. Both the strong ion gap (SIG) and the albumin corrected anion gap correlated strongly. Serum lactate levels and SIG predicted mortality as did albumin corrected anion gap.Conclusion: Albumin correction of the anion gap correlates well with acidosis as discovered by the SIG and therefore should be used in the ICUs rather than the traditional anion gap. With this modification, we can thus depend on the application of the intuitive traditional method rather than the more difficult to apply Stewart method for analysis of the acid base abnormalities in the ICU.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 60-67


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Stanislavovich Aleksandrovich ◽  
Konstantin Viktorovich Pshenisnov ◽  
Vadim Vladimirovich Andreyev ◽  
Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Parshin ◽  
Roman Ivanovich Cherevatenko ◽  
...  

This article analyzes the influence of interhospital transportation duration of newborns in critical state on the close outcome. The features of intensive care measures, the frequency of seizures, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and open arterial duct were studied regarding the age at which an infant was admitted to a neonatal ICU in a hospital of III level. It was found that transportation of critically ill infants at the age of one day or three days of life was associated with high risk of complications in the neonatal period. It was shown that the optimal time for interhospital transportation of a newborn baby to an intensive care unit of a hospital of III level is the second day after birth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 3008-3013
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria Stoicescu ◽  
Ramona Mohora ◽  
Monica Luminos ◽  
Madalina Maria Merisescu ◽  
Gheorghita Jugulete ◽  
...  

Difficulties in establishing the onset of neonatal sepsis has directed the medical research in recent years to the possibility of identifying early biological markers of diagnosis. Overdiagnosing neonatal sepsis leads to a higher rate and duration in the usage of antibiotics in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), which in term leads to a rise in bacterial resistance, antibiotherapy complications, duration of hospitalization and costs.Concomitant analysis of CRP (C Reactive Protein), procalcitonin, complete blood count, presepsin in newborn babies with suspicion of early or late neonatal sepsis. Presepsin sensibility and specificity in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. The study group consists of newborns admitted to Polizu Neonatology Clinic between 15th February- 15th July 2017, with suspected neonatal sepsis. We analyzed: clinical manifestations and biochemical markers values used for diagnosis of sepsis, namely the value of CRP, presepsin and procalcitonin on the onset day of the disease and later, according to evolution. CRP values may be influenced by clinical pathology. Procalcitonin values were mainly influenced by the presence of jaundice. Presepsin is the biochemical marker with the fastest predictive values of positive infection. Presepsin can be a useful tool for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and can guide the antibiotic treatment. Presepsin value is significantly higher in neonatal sepsis compared to healthy newborns (939 vs 368 ng/mL, p [ 0.0001); area under receiver operating curve (AUC) for presepsine was 0.931 (95% confidence interval 0.86-1.0). PSP has a greater sensibility and specificity compared to classical sepsis markers, CRP and PCT respectively (AUC 0.931 vs 0.857 vs 0.819, p [ 0.001). The cut off value for presepsin was established at 538 ng/mLwith a sensibility of 79.5% and a specificity of 87.2 %. The positive predictive value (PPV) is 83.8 % and negative predictive value (NPV) is 83.3%.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Marques Frota ◽  
Lívia Moreira Barros ◽  
Luana Nunes Caldini ◽  
Thiago Moura De Araújo ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano

Resumo: Objetivou-se identificar os riscos ocupacionais em profissionais de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no período de fevereiro a março de 2012. A amostra final do estudo contou com 12 artigos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Foi possível identificar que os riscos ocupacionais mais presentes na UTI estão associados aos riscos de acidentes, seguido do biológico, químico e ergonômico. Frente a esta realidade é necessário a implementação de medidas para a prevenção dos riscos, para diminuição do absenteísmo e a promoção da saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem.Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem do trabalho, Riscos ocupacionais, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.Occupational health of nurses in the Intensive Care UnitAbstract: This study aimed to identify occupational hazards in nursing professionals in the Intensive Care Unit. It is an integrative review carried out during February-March 2012. The final sample included 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria. It was possible to identify the occupational hazards present in the ICU are more associated with the risk of accidents, followed by biological, chemical and ergonomic. Faced with this reality is necessary to implement measures to prevent risks, to reduce absenteeism and promote worker health nursing.Keywords: Occupational Health Nursing, Occupational Risks, Intensive Care Units.Salud en el trabajo de las enfermeras en la Unidad de Cuidados IntensivosResumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los riesgos laborales en los profesionales de enfermería en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se trata de una revisión integradora llevada a cabo durante febrero y marzo de 2012. La muestra final incluyó 12 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Fue posible identificar los riesgos laborales presentes en la UCI son más asociado con el riesgo de accidentes, seguido por agentes biológicos, químicos y ergonómicos. Frente a esta realidad es necesario aplicar medidas para prevenir los riesgos, para reducir el absentismo y fomentar la enfermería profesional de la salud.Palabras Clave: Enfermería del Trabajo, Riesgos Laborales, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nelson ◽  
A. J. Muzyk ◽  
M. H. Bucklin ◽  
S. Brudney ◽  
J. P. Gagliardi

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selectiveα2agonist used as a sedative agent. It also provides anxiolysis and sympatholysis without significant respiratory compromise or delirium. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether sedation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower incidence of delirium as compared to other nondexmedetomidine sedation strategies. A search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews yielded only three trials from 1966 through April 2015 that met our predefined inclusion criteria and assessed dexmedetomidine and outcomes of delirium as their primary endpoint. The studies varied in regard to population, comparator sedation regimen, delirium outcome measure, and dexmedetomidine dosing. All trials are limited by design issues that limit our ability definitively to conclude that dexmedetomidine prevents delirium. Evidence does suggest that dexmedetomidine may allow for avoidance of deep sedation and use of benzodiazepines, factors both observed to increase the risk for developing delirium. Our assessment of currently published literature highlights the need for ongoing research to better delineate the role of dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-596
Author(s):  
F. JAY FRICKER ◽  
LARRY M. GOLD

In Reply.— The authors would like to thank Mr. Lantos for his comments. The political, economic, and ethical issues raised are important ones but obviously not the focus of our paper. We will, however, provide additional information in an attempt to answer some of Mr Lantos' questions. The question about what encouraged us to start is easy to answer. An 8-year-old child languishing in our intensive care unit on IV inotropic support with no hope of survival was the first orthotopic heart transplantation performed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robert D. White ◽  
Timothy R. Townsend ◽  
Maureen A. Stephens ◽  
E. Richard Moxon

From March 1976 through December 1978, the prevalence of ampicillin- and gentamicin-resistant enteric bacilli was monitored in fecal cultures of neonates in an intensive care unit. Substantial fluctuations in colonization rates were observed which did not correlate with the occurrence of sepsis due to these organisms nor with variations in antibiotic use. This experience suggests that the availability of these surveillance data did not result in more effective control of neonatal sepsis due to enteric bacilli.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
O.V. Zavyalov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Marenkov ◽  
A.A. Dementyev ◽  
I.N. Pasechnik ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive respiratory therapy using the method of dual positive airway pressure (DuoPAP) via nasal prongs performed in the intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit in premature newborns with extremely low body weight and respiratory distress syndrome in the early neonatal period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 medical records of premature newborns treated in the intensive care unit of the Perinatal Center at S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital during the first 7 days of their life. We included patients treated between January 2018 and December 2019. All newborns had extremely low body weight (850 ± 149 g); mean gestational age was 28 ± 4 weeks; Apgar score at the first minute of life varied between 3 and 6; Silverman Anderson score (severity of respiratory disorders) was between 3 and 5 s. Standard examination was performed in accordance with current protocols developed by Russian and foreign specialists in neonatal medicine. A specially developed clinical protocol of the study was approved by the local ethics committee. Study participants were divided into 3 groups according to their type of spontaneous respiratory efforts, target level of preductal saturation, and Silverman Anderson score. Patients in Group I received synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV); patients in Group II received ventilation using DuoPAP via nasal prongs (if it was ineffective, we considered SIMV via tube); patients in group III received ventilation using DuoPAP only. In this study, we have identified indications and contraindications for initial and prolonged respiratory therapy with DuoPAP and developed main practical recommendations for effective and safe application of DuoPAP. The efficacy and safety of non-invasive respiratory therapy with DuoPAP via nasal prongs in extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome in the early neonatal period is primarily determined by the newborn’s readiness for active spontaneous and productive respiratory movements, but not only by the compensated parameters of the acid-base state and gas composition of the capillary blood. The assessment of feasibility and limitations of non-invasive respiratory therapy with DuoPAP is an important step towards developing a clinical protocol for respiratory therapy in the early neonatal period in a neonatal intensive care unit; it will help to reduce the use of invasive lung ventilation. Key words: premature newborns, non-invasive respiratory therapy, respiratory distress syndrome, extremely low body weight


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