scholarly journals The association between body mass index and the oral Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes profiles of healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Roshna Mohamed Qadir ◽  
Mahde Saleh Assafi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Health Objective

Introduction: Microbiome status is considered an important factor that contributes to obesity. Investigations have shown that the oral microbiome comprises a vast array of bacterial species that can influence human health. Objective: To determine the association between the presence of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the body mass index (BMI) status of normal, overweight and obese subjects in Duhok, Iraq. Additionally, to investigate the composition of oral Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes profiles for individuals with different BMI statuses. Methods: A total of 155 saliva samples were collected from participants in Duhok, Iraq. Bacterial genomic DNA was then extracted from the collected saliva. The presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected via polymerase chain reaction. Results: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were detected in 63.2 and 37.4% of the population, respectively. Differences in the carriage rates of oral Firmicutes in overweight (78%) and obese individuals (83%) were statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (36%) (P<0.0001). The percentage rates of Bacteroidetes in obese individuals (26.4%) was statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (50.8%) (P=0.0078). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios (obese=3.1, overweight=2.5 and normal weight=0.7) were higher with increasing BMI. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio growing with increasing BMI. High rates of Firmicutes could serve a role in the development of obesity. Further studies are required to clarify the exact relationship between oral bacteria and obesity, which could lead to a promising therapeutic method for improving the physical health of humans.

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

scholarly journals Association of body mass index and maternal age with first stage duration of labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lundborg ◽  
Xingrong Liu ◽  
Katarina Åberg ◽  
Anna Sandström ◽  
Ellen L. Tilden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Labour Time ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo evaluate associations between early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and active first stage labour duration, accounting for possible interaction with maternal age, we conducted a cohort study of women with spontaneous onset of labour allocated to Robson group 1. Quantile regression analysis was performed to estimate first stage labour duration between BMI categories in two maternal age subgroups (more and less than 30 years). Results show that obesity (BMI > 30) among younger women (< 30 years) increased the median labour duration of first stage by 30 min compared with normal weight women (BMI < 25), and time difference estimated at the 90th quantile was more than 1 h. Active first stage labour time differences between obese and normal weight women was modified by maternal age. In conclusion: (a) obesity is associated with longer duration of first stage of labour, and (b) maternal age is an effect modifier for this association. This novel finding of an effect modification between BMI and maternal age contributes to the body of evidence that supports a more individualized approach when describing labour duration.

scholarly journals Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D3 Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Sabine Kuznia ◽  
Clarissa Laetsch ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Ben Schöttker
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day over a median of 5.3 years) with respect to incidence of any cancer and of advanced cancer (metastatic cancer or cancer death) were seen for normal-weight participants but not for overweight or obese participants. We aimed to explore potential reasons for this apparent variation of vitamin D effects by body mass index. We conducted complementary analyses of published data from the VITAL study on the association of body weight with cancer outcomes, stratified by vitamin D3 supplementation. Significantly increased risks of any cancer and of advanced cancer were seen among normal-weight participants compared to obese participants in the control group (relative risk (RR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.52, and RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.97, respectively). No such patterns were seen in the intervention group. Among those with incident cancer, vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of advanced cancer (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The observed patterns point to pre-diagnostic weight loss of cancer patients and preventive effects of vitamin D3 supplementation from cancer progression as plausible explanations for the body mass index (BMI)—intervention interactions. Further research, including RCTs more comprehensively exploring the potential of adjuvant vitamin D therapy for cancer patients, should be pursued with priority.

scholarly journals Assessment of body image in preschoolers: Perception of parents and children / Valoración de la imagen corporal en preescolares: Percepción de padres e hijos

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-220
Author(s):  
Rosalia Vazquez-Arevalo ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez Nabor ◽  
Xochitl López Aguilar ◽  
Juan Manuel Mancilla-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the body perception (BP) of preschoolers and compare it with the one reported by their parents. A total of 48 preschoolers participated (Mage = 5 years, SD = 0.5), 21 boys, 27 girls, and their parents (47 fathers and 48 mothers). The children were weighed and measured, also they answered the instrument Seven Figures of Collins (SFC) and seven questions about food, beauty and health. The parents answered the Body Image Questionnaire, the Stunkard Figures, as well as the SFCs to identify the real (RF) and ideal figure(IF) of their children. When children described themselves, they mostly referred the normal figure, coinciding with their parents. A very small proportion of preschoolers perceived themselves with obesity (around 29-30%); while any parent identified their children with obesity. 50% of preschoolers chose thinner silhouettes than their body mass index (BMI), but not emaciated. For RF, most parents chose normal weight for boys and light overweight for girls; for IF parents chose, for both sexes, the one with light overweight. In conclusion, the preschool BP disagreed between reality and perception, regardless of their BMI and gender. The parents also did not have an adequate BP for their children. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la percepción corporal (PC) de preescolares y compararla con la que sus padres tienen de ellos. Participaron 48 preescolares (Medad = 5 años, DE = 0.5), 21 niños y 27 niñas, y sus padres (47 papás y 48 mamás). Los niños fueron pesados y medidos, contestaron el instrumento Siete Figuras de Collins (SFC) y, con relación a éste, siete preguntas sobre alimentación, belleza y salud. A los padres se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal, las Figuras de Stunkard, además de las SFC para que identificaran la figura real (FR) e ideal (FI) de sus hijos. Para describirse, los preescolares refirieron mayormente la figura normopeso, coincidiendo con sus padres. Fue mínima la proporción de preescolares que se percibieron con obesidad (presente en 29-30%); mientras que ningún padre la identificó en sus hijos. El 50% de los preescolares eligió siluetas más delgadas a su índice de masa corporal (IMC), pero no emaciadas. Como FR, la mayoría de los padres eligió la normopeso para los niños y con sobrepeso ligero para las niñas; como FI eligieron, para ambos sexos, aquélla con sobrepeso ligero. En conclusión, la PC del preescolar discrepó entre la real y la percibida, independientemente de su IMC y sexo. Los padres tampoco tuvieron una adecuada PC de sus hijos.

scholarly journals Cardiac Changes in Overweight and Obese Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Gabriela Alexescu ◽  
Angela Cozma ◽  
Adela Sitar-Tăut ◽  
V. Negrean ◽  
M.I. Handru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Left Ventricle Mass

Abstract Background. Obesity and overweight are two pathologies that are more and more frequent in the XXIst century diagnosis and are causing high morbidity and mortality rates in the general population, especially through cardiovascular complications.Aims. Identification and early diagnosis of cardiac changes in overweight and obese patients. Material and method. We carried out a sectional, analytical and observational study on 111 subjects: 27 normal weight subjects and 84 overweight and obese patients, which were submitted to a clinical exam, biochemical exams and 2D ultrasound.Results. The presence of diastolic dysfunction is twice more frequent in overweight patients in comparison to normal weight ones (30% vs 15%) and 5 times more frequent in obese patients than normal weight ones (75% vs 15%). The size increase of the interventricular septum is correlated with the body mass index, there being statistically significant differences between normal weight vs overweight vs obese patients, as well as between overweight and obese ones. Within the whole group and within the groups, both the left ventricle mass (g) as well as the left ventricle mass to body surface ratio (g/m²) are statistically significantly higher in patients with present diastolic dysfunction (E/A < 1). This indicates a relation between the presence of diastolic dysfunction, increased left ventricle mass and body mass index (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Overweight and obese patients, unlike normal weight ones, present early cardiac changes, such as: a decrease of left ventricle ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, thickening of the interventricular septum, increase of the left ventricle mass both per se as well as in ratio to body surface.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) JAMAAH MESJID AL- FATAH MALALAYANG

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trigisa Lasabuda ◽  
Pemsi M. Wowor ◽  
Yanti Mewo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract: Obesity is one manifestation of nutritional problems, which need attention. Obesity is a state of excess body fat in absolute terms and relative. In 2000, the Directorate of Community Nutrition Ministry of Health recorded a total population of Indonesia are categorized as obese estimated 76.7 million (17.5%). Many factors play a role in the occurrence of obesity are largely an interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors, such as physical activity, social, economic, and nutrition. The obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease because its related with the metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome or / hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance / diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, hypertension and other. This study uses a quantitative research design and cross-sectional approach which takes place from July to August, 2015. The total sample of 20 people were taken to the al-Fatah mosque Malalayang aged 9-21 years. The results of the research showed that respondent with weight less amounted to 8 respondent, respondents with normal weight is 10 respondents and it was the highest, respondent with pre-obesity is only one respondent, while respondent with obesity II also only 1 respondents. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the image of the body mass index (BMI) mosque al - Fatah Malalayang respondents with less weight have percentage of 40%, respondents with normal weight have a percentage of 45%, respondents with more weight percentage of 15%, the respondents with pre-obese weight have percentage of 5%, and the respondent with weight obesity II have a percentage of 10%.Keywords: obesity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM).Abstrak: Obesitas merupakan salah satu manifestasi dari masalah gizi lebih, yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Pada tahun 2000, Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat Departemen Kesehatan RI mencatat jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang masuk kategori obesitas diperkirakan 76.7 juta (17.5%) . Banyak faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya obesitas yang sebagian besar merupakan interaksi antara faktor genetik dengan faktor lingkungan, antara lain aktivitas fisik, sosial ekonomi, dan nutrisi. Keadaan obesitas meningkatkan risiko penyakit-penyakit kardiovaskular karena keterkaitanya dengan sindrom metabolik atau atau sindrom resistensi insulin/hiperinsulinemia, intoleransi glukosa/Diabetes Melitus (DM), dyslipidemia, hipertensi dan lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan pendekatan cross sectional yang berlangsung dari Juli – Agustus 2015. total sampel berjumlah 20 orang yang diambil pada jamaah Masjid Al- Fatah Malalayang yang berusia 19 – 21 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden yang memiki berat badan kurang berjumlah 8 responden, responden dengan berat badan normal 9 responden dan merupakan yang terbanyak, responden dengan pra obesitas 1 responden, sedangkan responden dengan badan obesitas II 2 responden. Simpulan: Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa gambaran Indeks Massa tubuh (IMT) masjid al – fatah malalayang responden dengan berat badan kurang memiliki persentase sebesar 40%, responden dengan berat badan normal memiliki persentase sebesar 45%, responden dengan berat badan lebih memiliki persentase sebesar 15%, responden dengan berat badan pra obesitas memiliki persentase sebesar 5%, Responden dengan berat badan obesitas II memiliki persentase sebesar 10%.Kata kunci: obesitas, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), diabetes mellitus (DM).

scholarly journals Body Image Discrepancy and Body Mass Index among Chinese University Students in Hong Kong

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Siu Kuen Robert NG
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Discrepancy

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Introduction: The purposes of this study were to examine (a) the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the perception of body image, (b) the body satisfaction level (BSS), and (c) the most satisfied and dissatisfied body part. Methods: 588 university students (aged: 20.0±2.2 years; BMI: 20.3±2.8 kg/m2) from four universities in Hong Kong indicated their perceived ‘ideal’ and the ‘healthiest’ male and female figure from 9-figure rating scale. Body Image Discrepancy (BID) between their ‘current’ and ‘ideal’ figure was calculated. Results: Men reported significantly higher level of BSS than women. BMI correlated with BSS in women (r=.-263, p<.01) but not in men; BMI correlated with BID in women (r=.446, p<.001) and men (r=.587, p<.001). Most respondents indicated ‘no part’ as their most satisfied body part. Men and women stated their most dissatisfied body part was abdomen and thigh respectively. BSS was the highest in normal weight men and underweight women. Overweight respondents rated significantly larger figure as their ‘ideal’ size than their underweight and normal weight counterparts. Conclusions: An increase in BMI aggravates an increase in their desire to be thinner. It is necessary to help university students in Hong Kong to develop a healthy and realistic body image. 探討大學生(1)身體質量指數(BMI)與身體形象差異的關係; (2)身體滿意度; (3)最滿意和最不滿意自己身體部份。588位大學生從香港四所大學在9個由瘦至肥的男女剪影公仔中選擇(1)“理想”和“最健康”的男女體型; (2)代表自己“現在”和“理想”的體型來計算出身體形象差異。女性的身體滿意度比男性低並與BMI成反比。大多數指無最滿意的身體部份，男女分別最不滿意腹部和大腿。正常體重男士和過輕女士最滿意自己身體。總結，BMI與減磅意欲成正比。

scholarly journals Does Body Mass Index Affect Mortality in Coronary Surgery?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotle D. Protopapas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Coronary Surgery ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Underweight Patients

Introduction: The Body Mass Index (BMI) quantifies nutritional status and classifies humans as underweight, of normal weight, overweight, mildly obese, moderately obese or morbidly obese. Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat, defined as BMI higher than 30 kg/m2. Obesity is widely accepted to complicate anaesthesia and surgery, being a risk factor for mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought the evidence on operative mortality of CABG between standard BMI groups. Materials and Methodology: A simple literature review of papers presenting the mortality of CABG by BMI group: Underweight (BMI ≤ 18.49 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), mild obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), moderate obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), or morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2). Results: We identified 18 relevant studies with 1,027,711 patients in total. Their variability in size of samples and choice of BMI groups precluded us from attempting inferential statistics. The overall cumulative mortality was 2.7%. Underweight patients had by far the highest mortality (6.6%). Overweight patients had the lowest group mortality (2.1%). The group mortality for morbidly obese patients was 3.44%. Discussion: Patients with extreme BMI’s undergoing CABG (underweight ones more than morbidly obese) suffer increased crude mortality. This simple observation indicates that under nutrition and morbid obesity need be further explored as risk factors for coronary surgery.

scholarly journals Physical activity, lifestyle and nutrition as important indicators in the body mass index of children aged 3-6 years in the municipality of Mitrovica

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Lorik Ramaj ◽  
Sadete Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Limits

The purpose of this paper was to determine the level of physical activity and healthy nutrition in children aged 3-6 years from Mitrovica. The research was attended by 94 children aged 3 - 6 years from two kindergartens in Mitrovica. As a parameter that measured the weight and height of the children,  it was calculated with the standardized procedure of Body Mass Index (BMI)  then was calculated according to the standard formula used by (Betterhealth, 2016). Also, after extracting other information through the questionnaire, a quantitative research was conducted through the parents of 94 children who were part of the measurements. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was previously translated and adapted into Albanian with permission to use it. The questionnaire was combined by three different questionnaires such as: the lifestyle questionnaire (Wilson et al., 2008), the physical activity questionnaire Pre-PAQ test (Dwyer et al., 2011) and the nutrition questionnaire (Rysha et al., 2017). The data collected during the research were placed in the statistical program SPSS version 21.0, and the presentation of this data was done through a descriptive analysis. The results that came from  this research showed that the effect of physical activity, lifestyle and nutrition have quite a high impact on body mass index in children. From the results we saw that the children of the two kindergartens from the municipality of Mitrovica did quite well in terms of physical activity, where in the questionnaires that were answered 89.4% of children were active more than an hour a day by walking and doing other activities. Also, the results regarding the questions in which they were asked about the time that children use the phone were at a satisfactory level, where a large percentage of parents, 77.7%, declared that their children did not use the phone  more than an hour a day. While in terms of nutrition, there have been many results which need more detailed analysis and to take preventive measures such as consumption of energy drinks, carbonated beverages, fast food, etc. From the measurement of children aged 3-4 years only one child turned out to be overweight with BMI = 18.7, while the rest came out with BMI with normal limits. As for children aged 4-5 years, one child turned out to be underweight with BMI = 12.4 and one obese with BMI = 21.9 and the others with BMI with normal limits. And out of children aged 5-6 years one child came out overweight with BMI = 17.7 and two others obese, one with BMI = 19.7 and the other BMI = 19.8 and the other children had normal weight (Betterhealth, 2016).

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