scholarly journals The effective usage of APG surplus for oil-gas field on the example of carbon black production technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Bandaletova ◽  
Anton S. Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Gas Utilization

Background. The present work is devoted to one of the key areas of research activity of the modern oil and gas scientific world: decarbonization and increasing the efficiency of the natural and associated gas usage. One of the eco-friendly ways of processing natural and associated gas is the production of carbon black (soot) from it. This method is also included in the list of best available technology (BAT). Nowadays, soot is a raw material for massive scale production of rubber products, which accounts for a large share of the manufacture of tyres, besides, carbon black is a valuable component in the paint-and-varnish and petrochemical industry (inks, plastics and many other things). The aim of the project is to assess the applicability of technologies for processing the surplus of associated petroleum gas (APG) into carbon black (CB). Materials and methods. The technology is based on the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons under the influence of high temperature with a lack of air. In the work, the following tasks were performed: CB market was studied; the analysis and choice of the optimal method for obtaining soot from APG for the N field, technological calculation, and selection of equipment and economic evaluation of the technology were performed. Results. Calculations have shown that the use of this method of APG utilization is cost-effective. The PI of the project is more than 2. Conclusion. The main advantages of this technology are: relatively low capital outlays, efficient gas utilization, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, additional income from the sale of a new product in high demand. The main disadvantage of this method of gas utilization is the lack of experience and practice of oil companies in the possibilities and methods of carbon black from APG.

Techno-Economic Assessment of the Equipment for Production Carbon Black from APG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sergeevich Dimitriev ◽  
Alexandra Alexandrovna Bandaletova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Relative Simplicity ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Scientific World

Abstract The present work describes one of the key areas of research activity of the modern oil and gas scientific world: decarbonization and increasing the efficiency of the natural and associated gas usage which is a method for producing carbon black. The technology is characterized by relative simplicity of the technological process and a wide market for the resulting product. This method is also included in the list of BAT (BREFs, 2020). The article presents a techno-economic assessment of the proposed method of using gas, there is also a comparison with other existing methods.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
S. Pragati ◽  
S. Kuldeep ◽  
S. Ashok ◽  
M. Satheesh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solid Lipid

One of the situations in the treatment of disease is the delivery of efficacious medication of appropriate concentration to the site of action in a controlled and continual manner. Nanoparticle represents an important particulate carrier system, developed accordingly. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and composed of macromolecular material. Nanoparticles could be polymeric or lipidic (SLNs). Industry estimates suggest that approximately 40% of lipophilic drug candidates fail due to solubility and formulation stability issues, prompting significant research activity in advanced lipophile delivery technologies. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology represents a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are important advancement in this area. The bioacceptable and biodegradable nature of SLNs makes them less toxic as compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Supplemented with small size which prolongs the circulation time in blood, feasible scale up for large scale production and absence of burst effect makes them interesting candidates for study. In this present review this new approach is discussed in terms of their preparation, advantages, characterization and special features.

scholarly journals An Algorithm of Management Decision-Making Regarding the Feasibility of Investing in Geological Studies of Forecasted Hydrocarbon Resources

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Cherepovitsyn ◽  
Dmitry Metkin ◽  
Alexander Gladilin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development

Currently, under the conditions of increasing depletion of hydrocarbon reserves in Russia, it is necessary to consider the resource potential of poorly-researched oil and gas objects as a factor for ensuring the sustainable development of the oil and gas complex, in the context of the concept formation of rational subsoil utilization and a circular economy. The methodology of this study is based on a clear sequence of geological and economic studies of poorly-researched oil and gas objects, including four stages, such as analysis of the raw material base, assessment of the raw material potential, determination of technological development parameters, and economic evaluation. The methods of the probabilistic estimation of oil resources of the forecasted objects with regard to geological risk are outlined. Software packages “EVA—Risk Analysis” and “EVA—Economic Evaluation of Oil and Gas Field Development Projects” were used for estimation. The result of the study is the determination of the geological and economic efficiency of the development of nine hydrocarbon objects with the determination of the order of their further geological exploration, and introduction into industrial development on the example of the poorly-researched region of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province located in the Arctic zone.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF METHODS OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS UTILIZATION FOR THE EASTERN SIBERIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
D. G. Lapin ◽  
D. A. Fomin ◽  
B. B. Kvesko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Theoretical Amount

The article considers the most effective and environmentally friendly methods of utilization of associated petroleum gas (APG) for advanced oil and gas companies, as well as the developed method of utilization of associated gas using downhole steam-gas generator. The downhole steamgas generator burns APG at the bottomhole in the combustion chamber, and the combustion products - nitrogen and carbon dioxide - are supplied to the oil reservoir. A method for calculating the theoretical amount of air and combustion products is proposed.

scholarly journals Looking for Options to Sustainably Fixate Nitrogen. Are Molecular Metal Oxides Catalysts a Viable Avenue?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca González-Cabaleiro ◽  
Jake A. Thompson ◽  
Laia Vilà-Nadal
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Triple Bond ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Force System ◽  
Bosch Process

Fast and reliable industrial production of ammonia (NH3) is fundamentally sustaining modern society. Since the early 20th Century, NH3 has been synthesized via the Haber–Bosch process, running at conditions of around 350–500°C and 100–200 times atmospheric pressure (15–20 MPa). Industrial ammonia production is currently the most energy-demanding chemical process worldwide and contributes up to 3% to the global carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, the development of more energy-efficient pathways for ammonia production is an attractive proposition. Over the past 20 years, scientists have imagined the possibility of developing a milder synthesis of ammonia by mimicking the nitrogenase enzyme, which fixes nitrogen from the air at ambient temperatures and pressures to feed leguminous plants. To do this, we propose the use of highly reconfigurable molecular metal oxides or polyoxometalates (POMs). Our proposal is an informed design of the polyoxometalate after exploring the catabolic pathways that cyanobacteria use to fix N2 in nature, which are a different route than the one followed by the Haber–Bosch process. Meanwhile, the industrial process is a “brute force” system towards breaking the triple bond N-N, needing high pressure and high temperature to increase the rate of reaction, nature first links the protons to the N2 to later easier breaking of the triple bond at environmental temperature and pressure. Computational chemistry data on the stability of different polyoxometalates will guide us to decide the best design for a catalyst. Testing different functionalized molecular metal oxides as ammonia catalysts laboratory conditions will allow for a sustainable reactor design of small-scale production.

Gas to Wire System (GTW) for Developing "Small Gas Field" and Exploiting "Associated Gas"

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Inoue ◽  
Mutsumi Horitsugi ◽  
Shunichi Oya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Field ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Wire System

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

WASTE FRYING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION TREATED BY STEAM DRAG METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Sena MARINS ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Oliveira CARDOSO ◽  
Mara Eliza SANTOS ◽  
Jeferson MASSINHAN
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Conversion Rates

Demand for diversified biodiesel feedstocks is high and increasing, but few are viable for large-scale production, and many of those selected compete with other sectors of the chemical industry. To improve energy and environmental sustainability, fatty acids from waste oils that are improperly disposed of and pollute the environment can be used for transesterification reactions. However, they need treatment to achieve high conversion rates. In this context, the aim of this work was to perform and analyze the treatment of residual frying oil with the evaporation and entrainment process, aiming at its use as raw material to obtain biodiesel (methyl esters) by a transesterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the residual oil after treatment were characterized by moisture content, pH and the acidity, saponification, iodine, and peroxide index. The conversion rate of the residual oil to methyl esters was determined by 1H NMR analysis. After the treatment, the method of analysis of variance showed that the oil obtained a significant reduction of the saponification, iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes, being the acidity reduced from 9.36 to 7.85 mg KOH g-1. The moisture content of 0.733% and elevation of pH to 8.0. The conversion rate of fatty acid biodiesel of residual oil was 79.3 %, lower value of standards norms (ASTM, 2005; EN, 2008; ANP, 2014), showing that the assigned methodology for frying residual oil is inefficient in biodiesel production.

Associated Gas Utilization Using a Reheat Gas Turbine – Part 1: The Impact of Engine Degradation on the Optimized Power, Energy, and Revenue From Sold Electricity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafel Obhuo ◽  
Duabari S. Aziaka ◽  
Dodeye I. Igbong ◽  
Ibirabo M. Obhuo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Similar Sequence ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Energy Degradation ◽  
Fuel Resource ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study presents a methodology for optimizing the power from a fleet of engines that use associated gas as fuel. The effects of engine degradation on optimized power, energy, and electricity revenue have been evaluated. The Cranfield University TURBOMATCH has been used to simulate a 296MW reheat gas turbine. Four scenarios were considered — clean, optimistic, medium, and pessimistic. Genetic algorithm was used in optimizing the power generated from the fleets. In the sequence of clean, optimistic, medium, and pessimistic fleets, the optimization results show that the total optimized power values are 7324.6, 7245.1, 7164.0, and 7074.4MW respectively. In the same sequence, the total energy generated is 64.2, 63.5, 62.8, and 61.9 billion kWh. In a similar sequence still, the electricity revenue is 8.487, 8.390, 8.298, and 8.192 billion US dollars respectively. In comparison with the clean, engine degradation resulted in a 1.09%, 2.19%, and 3.42% decrease in energy for the optimistic, medium, and pessimistic degraded fleets respectively. In the same sequence as the decrease in energy, degradation resulted in a 1.15%, 2.23%, and 3.48% decrease in electricity revenue. The methodology and results presented in this paper would serve as a guide for associated gas investors in the economic utilization of this fuel resource. This is innovative; it has not been done with the Alstom GT-26 engine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document