CLINICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF APPLICATION WITH AN OVERVIEW OF THE COUNTRIES ON THE MARKET AN TIT UIS H DRUGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Е.N. Skepian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Antitussive Drugs

Cough is one of the most common clinical manifestations of acute infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Patients complaining of coughing represent one of the most numerous groups in the practice of a doctor. In most cases, an acute cough usually resolves on its own and rarely requires additional medical intervention. Chronic cough can be a manifestation of a variety of pulmonary and extra pulmonary diseases. A long course of chronic cough can lead to both somatic disorders and psychological and social difficulties. Since cough can be caused by many factors, it is often difficult to identify its true cause. Often, in order to establish the true cause of a cough, the doctor has to repeatedly examine the patient and conduct several trial courses of treatment. The article discusses the classification, mechanism, causes, types of cough, the effect of the use of various drugs on the appearance of cough, complications arising from a prolonged, debilitating cough, as well as approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cough. The classification of antitussive drugs of central, peripheral and mixed action, indications for their use is presented. The clinical and pharmacological features of the use of certain antitussive drugs available on the market are described and recommendations for their use in clinical practice are given. The use of approaches based on in-depth knowledge of the physician about the clinical pharmacology of antitussive drugs can contribute to competent «cough management», increasing the patient's quality of life.

Comprehensive Review of the Genetics of Albinism

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-700
Author(s):  
Ramon Jauregui ◽  
Laryssa A. Huryn ◽  
Brian P. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Dark Complexion ◽  
Made In

Introduction It is important to understand albinism, since it is a disorder associated with visual impairment, predisposition to malignant melanomas, and social stigma. The main objective of this article is to review the genetics and biologic mechanisms of the non-syndromic albinism subtypes and to describe associated clinical manifestations. We also discuss research on its treatments. Methods A review of the published literature on albinism subtypes was performed, spanning basic laboratory research, published case reports, and experiences of people with albinism. Results Clear progress has been made in comprehending the causes of albinism; research has shed light on the complexity of the disorder and has led to the molecular classification of subtypes. Discussion Despite the increase in knowledge with regards to albinism, gaps still exist. It is important to continue the pursuit of unraveling the mechanism of the disorder and to monitor the frequency of the subtypes worldwide in order to aid in the development of treatments. Furthermore, disseminating knowledge of albinism is crucial for future progress. Implications for practitioners Albinism is a disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes, with accompanying ocular abnormalities that remain relatively stable throughout life. The disorder is defined by a spectrum of pigmentation where albinism is more evident among individuals of dark complexion than their lighter-pigmented peers. Patients with albinism require protection against sun exposure and special resources to address visual impairments. When albinism patients are diagnosed and properly accommodated, they generally report a positive quality of life.

scholarly journals Chronic cough: differential diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
N. V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Peripheral Action ◽  
Antitussive Drugs

Cough is one of the most common symptoms and is present in diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine and other systems. Cough is a reflex act, therefore it is caused by stimulation of cough receptors due to pathological influences. The diagnosis takes into account the nature of the cough, its duration, the results of laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The most attention is required to diagnose chronic cough and exclude life-threatening causes. Symptoms of anxiety are hemoptysis, prolonged resistant cough, prolonged intoxication syndrome, weight loss, etc. In diagnostically unclear cases, the examination schedule must include computed tomography of the chest, magnetic resonance imaging and bronchoscopy. A dry, painful intense cough can lead to the development of complications: a decrease in the quality of life, hemorrhages, pneumothorax, etc., therefore, requires symptomatic treatment. A common cause of unproductive cough is viral diseases, whooping cough, diseases leading to overactive cough receptors. The variety of coughs determines a differentiated approach to its therapy. The main efforts should be directed to the treatment of the underlying disease. In the case of a productive cough, mucoactive drugs are used. To stop unproductive cough, antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action are used. The recommendations of the European Respiratory Society present the results of clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of antitussive drugs with morphine-like action. The study identified side effects that limit their use. One of the most effective and safe drugs is a non-opioid drug with a central action Sinekod. The effectiveness and safety of the drug is confirmed by clinical studies.

Cough

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Closed Glottis ◽  
Viral Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Viral Respiratory

A cough is an explosive forced expiratory manoeuvre, usually against a closed glottis, and gives rise to a characteristic sound. Acute cough is defined as a cough of less than 3 weeks duration, and chronic cough as one of more than 8 weeks duration. Acute cough is the commonest presenting symptom in primary care: by far the most frequent cause is a viral respiratory tract infection. The main effect of coughing is on quality of life and this is particularly prominent in patients with chronic cough, as these frequently develop physical complications such as chest pain, retching and vomiting, hoarseness, incontinence, sleep disturbance, and syncope. In addition, psychological distress and social embarrassment are often features. This chapter covers the approach to diagnosis for acute and chronic cough as well as diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GUEST RESPIRATORY DISEASE COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Ya.F. Kutasevych ◽  
◽  
I.O. Oliinyk ◽  
I.O. Mashtakova ◽  
M.O. Vitkovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The One

The objective. To systematize the clinical manifestations of skin lesions associated with COVID-19 and to propose the classification of these disorders. Materials and methods. The literature data describing skin lesions associated with COVID-19 and the results of observation of 31 patients with skin lesions and coronavirus infection were summarized. In the postcovid period patients with skin diseases were admitted to the hospital. They were divided into two groups: first – patients who did not suffer from skin diseases earlier; the second – patients with exacerbation of chronic dermatoses. All patients were examined by standard clinical and laboratory methods. Results. The proposed classification makes it possible to separately distinguish lesions caused precisely by COVID-19 and exacerbation of chronic dermatoses against the background of coronavirus infection, as well as as a result of the treatment of this disease (first of all, this consider to systemic corticosteroids, which are known to affect the course of psoriasis: cause the development of common forms that are resistant to other methods of therapy), which leads to their severe course. Photos of own observations are presented. This classification will improve the quality of diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic or low-symptomatic forms of the disease, and will also help prevent a number of complications associated with both the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection and the presence of concomitant diseases, in particular chronic dermatoses. Conclusions. The proposed classification, on the one hand, expands the possibilities of timely diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic or low-symptomatic forms of the disease, and also directs the doctor to the need to prevent a number of complications associated with both the treatment of patients and the presence of concomitant diseases, in particular chronic dermatoses.

scholarly journals The impacts of cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 00113-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki O. Koskela ◽  
Anne M. Lätti ◽  
Juha Pekkanen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Patient Health

Given the very high prevalence of cough, little is known about its impacts.A questionnaire was sent via e-mail to all public service employees in two towns in Finland. There were 373 subjects with acute cough, 174 with subacute cough and 421 with chronic cough. Cough-related quality of life was assessed with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and depressive symptoms with Patient Health Questionnaire-2. In addition, data on doctor's visits and sick leave days were collected.Mean LCQ (95% CI) total scores were 16.2 (15.9–16.5), 14.5 (14.1–15.0) and 14.6 (14.3–14.9) among subjects with acute, subacute and chronic cough, respectively (p<0.001). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 5.4%, 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and 5.0% among subjects without current cough (p=0.50). The respective proportions of subjects with at least one doctor's visit due to cough during the previous year were 27.6%, 44.8%, 49.6% and 16.1% (p<0.001). The respective proportions of subjects with at least one sick leave day due to cough during the previous year were 28.9%, 39.1%, 36.3% and 15.3% (p<0.001). Any current cough was associated with an increased the risk of several (three or more) yearly doctor's visit due to any reason (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.27–1.76) and several (seven or more) yearly sick leave days due to any reason (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.22–1.68).Cough decreases quality of life, and has a large socioeconomic impact by increasing doctor's visits and sick leave days. However, it is not associated with depressive symptoms. The impacts of subacute and chronic cough are comparable, and larger than those of acute cough.

Chronic Refractory Cough: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Language Pathology

This paper presents a successful behavioral case study in treatment of chronic refractory cough in a 60-year-old adult female. The efficacy for speech-language pathology treating chronic cough is discussed along with description of treatment regime. Discussion focuses on therapy approaches used and the patient's report of changes in quality of life and frequency, duration, and severity reduction of her cough after treatment.

Use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage skin (review of literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. I. Surkichin ◽  
N. V. Gryazeva ◽  
L. S. Kholupova ◽  
N. V. Bochkova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage of the skin. The causes, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of skin photodamage are considered. The definition, principle of action of photodynamic therapy, including the sources of light used, the classification of photosensitizers and their main characteristics are given. Analyzed studies that show the effectiveness and comparative evaluation in the selection of various light sources and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of photodamage.

Dynamics of the processes in metal machining

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Donatas Švitra ◽  
Jolanta Janutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Metal Cutting Machine ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Metal Machining

In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

MEDIATEXT IS A TOOL THAT DETERMINES THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Navruza Yakhyayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Scientific Classification

The quality and content of information in the article media text is based on scientific classification of linguistic features. The study of functional styles of speech, the identification of their linguistic signs, the discovery of the functional properties of linguistic units and their separation on the basis of linguistic facts is one of thetasks that modern linguistics is waiting for a solution. Text Linguistics, which deals with the creation, modeling of its structure and the study of the process of such activity, is of interest to journalists today as a science.

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