scholarly journals Marker assisted selection of heifers improved milk somatic cell count compared to selection on conventional pedigree breeding values

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kühn ◽  
F. Reinhardt ◽  
M. Schwerin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Mastitis Susceptibility ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Marker Information

Abstract. Although mastitis in cattle is an important factor for dairy economy and animal welfare and although udder health parameters have a substantial genetic variability, in many countries there is little or no improvement of udder health in the conventional commercial breeding programs. Strategies implementing information about Quantitative trait loci (QTL) via genetic marker information seem to offer new prospects to improve this situation. In a proof-of-principle approach, we show that selection of German Holstein heifers prior to first calving based on marker information regarding a confirmed QTL affecting somatic cell score (SCS) on bovine chromosome 18 (BTA18) (MAS strategy) indeed enabled prediction of halfsibs with a high (q) or a low (Q) number of somatic cells in milk already early in the first lactation. Compared to a strategy relying on conventional breeding values only (CON strategy), selection including marker information resulted in a stronger discrimination between and a higher uniformity within the MAS-Q and -q groups compared to the CON-Q and – q groups selected by conventional selection strategies. The selected heifers, which are clinically unaffected, however genetically different in their capacity of mammary gland protection against pathogens, will serve as tools for a comprehensive expression analysis to highlight molecular processes underlying a different genetic predisposition to mastitis susceptibility. Thus, functional mechanisms resulting in a decreased susceptibility of the Q individuals can be identified to further improve selection on udder health in cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding values of bulls for somatic cell count in milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066
Author(s):  
M. Radinovic ◽  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
D. Kucevic ◽  
R. Djedovic ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Selection Of

The incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in the mammary gland produces variety of defensive factors were nuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages play an important role and they are marked as somatic cells. Somatic cell count depends on the type of pathogen and stage of infection. Increased number of somatic cells in milk occurs as a result of lesions in the mammary gland. Studies have shown that the somatic cells count is genetically predisposed. Although the heritability of this trait is low, using modern methods and the proper selection of work it is possible to achieve some progress. Therefore it is necessary to the selection of bulls for somatic cells, on the basis of somatic cells in milk of daughters. Data on milk yield and somatic cell count in milk of 247 cows Holstein Friesian and Simmental breed from Vojvodina province, were used to analyze the evaluation of breeding values for somatic cells in milk Average values and variability of somatic cells, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein and content of milk fat and protein were determined. The average number of somatic cells was 317 000 per ml of milk, with high variability. Average milk yield of 7 634kg with an average content and yield of milk fat from 3.74% to 285.69 kg and the average protein content and yield of 3.15% and 237.15 kg were determined. Assessment of breeding values was calculated using BLUP model of father, high variability in the assessment of bulls was found. Getting more accurate breeding values is possible using the Animal Model.

scholarly journals Genomic selection strategies for clonally propagated crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Werner ◽  
R. Chris Gaynor ◽  
Daniel J. Sargent ◽  
Alessandra Lillo ◽  
Gregor Gorjanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFor genomic selection in clonal breeding programs to be effective, crossing parents should be selected based on genomic predicted cross performance unless dominance is negligible. Genomic prediction of cross performance enables a balanced exploitation of the additive and dominance value simultaneously. Here, we compared different strategies for the implementation of genomic selection in clonal plant breeding programs. We used stochastic simulations to evaluate six combinations of three breeding programs and two parent selection methods. The three breeding programs included i) a breeding program that introduced genomic selection in the first clonal testing stage, and ii) two variations of a two-part breeding program with one and three crossing cycles per year, respectively. The two parent selection methods were i) selection of parents based on genomic estimated breeding values, and ii) selection of parents based on genomic predicted cross performance. Selection of parents based on genomic predicted cross performance produced faster genetic gain than selection of parents based on genomic estimated breeding values because it substantially reduced inbreeding when the dominance degree increased. The two-part breeding programs with one and three crossing cycles per year using genomic prediction of cross performance always produced the most genetic gain unless dominance was negligible. We conclude that i) in clonal breeding programs with genomic selection, parents should be selected based on genomic predicted cross performance, and ii) a two-part breeding program with parent selection based on genomic predicted cross performance to rapidly drive population improvement has great potential to improve breeding clonally propagated crops.

scholarly journals Accelerating Tomato Breeding by Exploiting Genomic Selection Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cappetta ◽  
Giuseppe Andolfo ◽  
Antonio Di Matteo ◽  
Amalia Barone ◽  
Luigi Frusciante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Selection Of

Genomic selection (GS) is a predictive approach that was build up to increase the rate of genetic gain per unit of time in breeding programs. It has emerged as a valuable method for improving complex traits that are controlled by many genes with small effect. GS enables the prediction of breeding value of candidate genotypes for selection. In this work we address important issues related to GS and its implementation in tomato breeding context. Genomic constrains and critical parameters affecting the accuracy of prediction in such crop such as phenotyping, genotyping training population composition and size and statistical method should be carefully evaluated. Comparison of GS approaches for facilitating the selection of tomato superior genotypes during breeding program are also discussed. GS applied to tomato breeding has already shown to be feasible. We illustrated how GS can improve the rate of gain in elite lines selection, descendent and in backcross schemes. The GS schemes begin to be delineated and computer science can provide support for future selection strategies. A new breeding framework is beginning to emerge for optimizing tomato improvement procedures.

scholarly journals Selection of Potato Parental Lines with Complex Resistances to Potato Pathogens and Pests

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Bogdan Flis
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Resistance To Viruses ◽  
Potato Pathogens ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The efficiency of breeding new potato cultivars may be increased by pre-breeding that is by developing parental lines, which have new traits, not present in the genetic pool available for breeders or have new combinations of genes, or have improved level of economically important traits. The use of parental lines in commercial breeding programs is expected to ensure the biological progress in the newly created cultivars of potato. At the beginning, the development of parental lines in Młochów Research Center of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) was focused on resistance to viruses and later on resistance to late blight and other pathogens. The procedures of selecting resistant parental lines are described. These procedures were initially based on purely phenotypic tests for resistance, which lately were supplemented with marker assisted selection (MAS) applying molecular markers linked with some resistance genes.

Molecular Marker Information and Selection of Parents in Corn Breeding Programs

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dudley ◽  
M. A. Saghai Maroof ◽  
G. K. Rufener
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Marker Information

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Combining metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to assess and improve crop quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Pott ◽  
Sara Durán-Soria ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
José G. Vallarino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPlant quality trait improvement has become a global necessity due to the world overpopulation. In particular, producing crop species with enhanced nutrients and health-promoting compounds is one of the main aims of current breeding programs. However, breeders traditionally focused on characteristics such as yield or pest resistance, while breeding for crop quality, which largely depends on the presence and accumulation of highly valuable metabolites in the plant edible parts, was left out due to the complexity of plant metabolome and the impossibility to properly phenotype it. Recent technical advances in high throughput metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic platforms have provided efficient approaches to identify new genes and pathways responsible for the extremely diverse plant metabolome. In addition, they allow to establish correlation between genotype and metabolite composition, and to clarify the genetic architecture of complex biochemical pathways, such as the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, many of them being highly valuable for the human diet. In this review, we focus on how the combination of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic approaches is a useful tool for the selection of crop varieties with improved nutritional value and quality traits.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Expansions and Strategies in the Online Increasing Subsequence Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirlan Seksenbayev
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Asymptotic Expansions ◽  
Dual Problem ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Programming Equation ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractWe study two closely related problems in the online selection of increasing subsequence. In the first problem, introduced by Samuels and Steele (Ann. Probab. 9(6):937–947, 1981), the objective is to maximise the length of a subsequence selected by a nonanticipating strategy from a random sample of given size $n$ n . In the dual problem, recently studied by Arlotto et al. (Random Struct. Algorithms 49:235–252, 2016), the objective is to minimise the expected time needed to choose an increasing subsequence of given length $k$ k from a sequence of infinite length. Developing a method based on the monotonicity of the dynamic programming equation, we derive the two-term asymptotic expansions for the optimal values, with $O(1)$ O ( 1 ) remainder in the first problem and $O(k)$ O ( k ) in the second. Settling a conjecture in Arlotto et al. (Random Struct. Algorithms 52:41–53, 2018), we also design selection strategies to achieve optimality within these bounds, that are, in a sense, best possible.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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