scholarly journals Haemato-biochemical profile and acid–base status of Croatian spotted goats of different ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonko Antunović ◽  
Ivica Marić ◽  
Željka Klir ◽  
Vatroslav Šerić ◽  
Boro Mioč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Acid Base Status

Abstract. The aim of the present research was to determine the haemato-biochemical profile and blood acid–base status of Croatian spotted goats in a traditional Mediterranean production system. The 60 non-gravid female Croatian spotted goats of different ages were included in the research. They were divided into four groups of 15 goats according to age: group I – ≤1 year old; group II – 2–3 years; group III – 3–6 years; and group IV – 7–10 years. Haematological parameters were determined in whole blood, biochemical parameters in serum and acid–base status in plasma by automatic analyser. Total leukocyte number (WBC), haemoglobin (HGB) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the blood were the highest, while mean haemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes (MCHCs) was the lowest in yearlings compared to other groups. Concentrations of urea, Mg, Cl, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and lactate were the highest in yearlings. Concentrations of Ca, Na, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as well as the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher in older goats compared to yearlings, while the opposite was determined for the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Values of pH, the strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG) and z values as well as the content of HCO3 and total pressure of carbon dioxide (ctCO2) were higher in older goats compared to yearlings. The results obtained may help in monitoring the health and nutritional status and improve the management of Croatian spotted goats. Based on the results of the present study, the effect of age needs to be included in the model when preparing the reference values for the haemato-biochemical profile and acid–base status of goats.

scholarly journals Responses of a Stenohaline Freshwater Teleost (Catostomus Commersoni) to Hypersaline Exposure: I. The Dependence of Plasma pH and Bicarbonate Concentration on Electrolyte Regulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. H. WILKES ◽  
B. R. MCMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Acid Base Status

The effects of exposure to 0.94% (300 mosmol1−1) sodium chloride on plasma electrolyte and acid-base status were examined in the freshwater stenohaline teleost Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), the white sucker. Four days' exposure to this maximum sublethal salinity resulted in an increase in plasma concentrations of both sodium and chloride but a decrease in the Na+/Cl− ratio. Since the plasma concentrations of free amino acids and other strong ions - Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ - remained unchanged, plasma strong ion difference (SID) decreased. Additionally, plasma pH and bicarbonate concentration decreased at constant Pcoco2 The changes in electrolyte and acid-base status that occurred after the 96 h were not appreciably altered after a further 2–3 weeks of saline exposure. The ambient calcium concentration had no influence on these results. Haemolymph non-bicarbonate buffer capacity (β) calculated as Δ[HCO3−]/ ΔpH, increased in saline-exposed fish. Consequently ΔH+, the apparent proton load, was zero despite the apparent change in acid-base status. Although β was directly proportional to the haemoglobin concentration in both control and experimental fish, this could not account for the increase in β since haemoglobin remained at control values. These results can be explained solely by the change in plasma SID and serve to illustrate the dependence of plasma acid-base status on the prevailing electrolyte characteristics, weak acid concentration and Pcoco2.

scholarly journals Pemafibrate decreases triglycerides and small, dense LDL, but increases LDL-C depending on baseline triglycerides and LDL-C in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Komiya ◽  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
Suguru Sunakawa ◽  
Tamio Wakugami
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background Pemafibrate, a selective PPARα modulator, has the beneficial effects on serum triglycerides (TGs) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. However, its effect on the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is still undefined. LDL-C increased in some cases together with a decrease in TGs, and the profile of lipids, especially LDL-C, during pemafibrate administration was evaluated. Methods Pemafibrate was administered to type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Fifty-one type 2 diabetes patients (mean age 62 ± 13 years) with a high rate of hypertension and no renal insufficiency were analyzed. Pemafibrate 0.2 mg (0.1 mg twice daily) was administered, and serum lipids were monitored every 4–8 weeks from 8 weeks before administration to 24 weeks after administration. LDL-C was measured by the direct method. Lipoprotein fractions were measured by electrophoresis (polyacrylamide gel, PAG), and LDL-migration index (LDL-MI) was calculated to estimate small, dense LDL. Results Pemafibrate reduced serum TGs, midband and VLDL fractions by PAG. Pemafibrate increased LDL-C levels from baseline by 5.3% (− 3.8–19.1, IQR). Patients were divided into 2 groups: LDL-C increase of > 5.3% (group I, n = 25) and < 5.3% (group NI, n = 26) after pemafibrate. Compared to group NI, group I had lower LDL-C (2.53 [1.96–3.26] vs. 3.36 [3.05–3.72] mmol/L, P = 0.0009), higher TGs (3.71 [2.62–6.69] vs. 3.25 [2.64–3.80] mmol/L), lower LDL by PAG (34.2 [14.5, SD] vs. 46.4% [6.5], P = 0.0011), higher VLDL by PAG (28.2 [10.8] vs. 22.0% [5.2], P = 0.0234), and higher LDL-MI (0.421 [0.391–0.450] vs. 0.354 [0.341–0.396], P < 0.0001) at baseline. Pemafibrate decreased LDL-MI in group I, and the differences between the groups disappeared. These results showed contradictory effects of pemafibrate on LDL-C levels, and these effects were dependent on the baseline levels of LDL-C and TGs. Conclusions Pemafibrate significantly reduced TGs, VLDL, midband, and small, dense LDL, but increased LDL-C in diabetes patients with higher baseline TGs and lower baseline LDL-C. Even if pre-dose LDL-C remains in the normal range, pemafibrate improves LDL composition and may reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Acid-base Status Parameters in Newborn with Congenital Surgical Malformations During Perioperative Care Based on Types of Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Oleksii Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) are most common in newborns and infants in the first year of life and require surgical correction in the first hours, days, months of life. Surgical interventions in severely ill babies with malformations can lead to catabolic stress, circulatory and respiratory disorders, metabolism shifts, water-electrolyte, protein, and acid-base status disorders. This study aimed to compare acid-base status in newborns and infants with congenital surgical pathology under different types of combined anesthesia.  Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 150 newborns and infants with CM who required surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on types of provided anesthesia: inhalation by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (group I); inhalation of Sevoran and intravenous anesthesia by Fentanyl (group II); and intravenous combination of Fentanyl and 20% Sodium Oxybutyrate (group III). The analysis included: acid-base status, peripheral oximetry, and the need for an oxygen mixture inhaled by the patient. Results In group I, there was a significant reduction in partial tension of CO2 and increased pH from the pre-surgical status, at the time of induction of anesthesia, during the most painful, traumatic stage, and after surgery compared to group II and III. Peripheral O2 saturation was not critically reduced at all stages of observation except in babies of group I compared to group III at the stage of induction of anesthesia (97.79 ± 2.45 vs. 98.79 ± 1.63, p = 0.0194) and at the most painful period of surgery (96.29 ± 3.47 vs. 98.10 ± 2.47, p = 0.0368). In group I, newborns and infants required higher oxygen concentrations in the inhalation mixture. There was a significant difference in FiO2 between groups I and III during the most painful stage of surgery (0.47 ± 0.29 and 0.33 ± 0.2, p = 0.0071), and immediately after surgery (0.34 ± 0, 19 and 0.26 ± 0.13, p = 0.0246). Conclusion: Among the newborns and infants with CM requiring surgical intervention and combined anesthesia, the most substantial acid-base status changes were observed in the group where anesthesia was provided by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (Group I).

Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract ameliorates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and toxicity in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel U. Akara ◽  
Okezie Emmanuel ◽  
Victor C. Ude ◽  
Chikezie Uche-Ikonne ◽  
Godswill Eke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

Abstract Objectives Ocimum gratissimum L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections and anaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of O. gratissimum leaf extract on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia and toxicity in rats. Methods The experimental rats were divided into five groups (A–E) (n=6/sex/group). Each rat in groups B–E was intraperitoneally administered 50 mg/kg of PHZ for two consecutive days. Group A (normal control) did not receive any PHZ, group B (negative control), group C received orally 5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate whereas groups D and E received 200 and 400 mg/kg O. gratissimum leaf extract respectively, for 14 days. Results Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and high-density lipoprotein increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein decreased in extract-treated groups when compared to the negative control. O. gratissimum (400 mg/kg extract) and standard drug (5 mg/kg ferrous sulphate) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that O. gratissimum leaf extract has a restorative effect on the phenylhydrazine-induced metabolic distortions in the blood, liver, and kidney, and therefore could be used therapeutically as an anti-anaemic tonic.

scholarly journals Dietary Consumption of Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Akinnuga ◽  
S. O. Jeje ◽  
O. Bamidele ◽  
V. E. Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a saturated fat with promising antidiabetic properties but its ameliorative effect on lipid profiles in diabetics is rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, a total of fifteen (15) male rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into 3 experimental groups (n=5). Group I (control) and Group II (diabetic control group) were fed a normal rat chow while Group III (diabetic test group) was fed a 10% VCO diet for 3 weeks. Group II and Group III were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of alloxan. After 72 hours of injection, blood glucose was tested to confirm diabetes mellitus. After 3 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood samples for lipid profile analysis. The results showed a significant increase in concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein and decrease in concentration of high density lipoprotein in Group II when compared to Group I. Also, the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein except high density lipoprotein significantly reduced in Group III when compared to Group II (P<0.01, 0.001). VCO consumption can be claimed to ameliorate lipid levels in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals To Compare the Effects of Terminalia Arjuna with Rosuvastatin on Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Vijay kumar Sehgal ◽  
Vijay Kumar Bajaj ◽  
Harcharan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference

<strong>Background:</strong>In India, CVD is a leading cause of death. Among the modifiable risk factors, hyperlipidemia is one of the important factors. Therefore lowering cholesterol level is a key factor in controlling this disease.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare the effect of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug with Rosuvastatin on serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in patients of either sex with dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> An open prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in on 60 patients for the duration of 12 weeks. Patients were distributed into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I was given Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily and group II was given capsules containing bark powder of T.arjuna 500 mg twice daily. Patients TC and LDL-C levels were performed at baseline and then repeated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. The results of both the therapies were then compared and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> T.arjuna leads to greater reduction in mean TC level than Rosuvastatin (-14.06±8.07% vs -10.10±5.39%), (- 24.73±10.69% vs -19.42±9.98%) and (-27.89±9.25% vs - 24.74±10.02%) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. The difference between both the groups was statistically non-significant (p&gt;0.05) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The reduction in mean LDL-C level was also greater with T.arjuna as compared to Rosuvastatin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both Rosuvastatin and T.arjuna were effective in causing significant decrease in serum TC and LDLC levels, but T.arjuna had a slight edge over Rosuvastatin as it showed greater reduction in TC and LDL-C levels as compare to Rosuvastatin. And was found to be safe and well tolerated.</p>

scholarly journals Base-excess chloride; the best approach to evaluate the effect of chloride on the acid-base status: A retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250274
Author(s):  
Bulent Gucyetmez ◽  
Filiz Tuzuner ◽  
Hakan Korkut Atalan ◽  
Uğur Sezerman ◽  
Kaan Gucyetmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

To practically determine the effect of chloride (Cl) on the acid-base status, four approaches are currently used: accepted ranges of serum Cl values; Cl corrections; the serum Cl/Na ratio; and the serum Na-Cl difference. However, these approaches are governed by different concepts. Our aim is to investigate which approach to the evaluation of the effect of Cl is the best. In this retrospective cohort study, 2529 critically ill patients who were admitted to the tertiary care unit between 2011 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The effects of Cl on the acid-base status according to each evaluative approach were validated by the standard base excess (SBE) and apparent strong ion difference (SIDa). To clearly demonstrate only the effects of Cl on the acid-base status, a subgroup that included patients with normal lactate, albumin and SIG values was created. To compare approaches, kappa and a linear regression model for all patients and Bland-Altman test for a subgroup were used. In both the entire cohort and the subgroup, correlations among BECl, SIDa and SBE were stronger than those for other approaches (r = 0.94 r = 0.98 and r = 0.96 respectively). Only BECl had acceptable limits of agreement with SBE in the subgroup (bias: 0.5 mmol L-1) In the linear regression model, only BECl in all the Cl evaluation approaches was significantly related to the SBE. For the evaluation of the effect of chloride on the acid-base status, BECl is a better approach than accepted ranges of serum Cl values, Cl corrections and the Cl/Na ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of Lutein in the expression of PPARα and LDLR in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Priyadharsini K. ◽  
Nirmala P. ◽  
Ashok Kumar P. ◽  
Krishna Prasad T.
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) is the primary pathway for removal of cholesterol from the circulation, and its activity is meticulously governed by intracellular cholesterol levels. Hence in this study we investigated the effect of Lutein on PPARα and LDLR expression in liver of wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 each. Group I served as control. Group II III, IV, V and VI rats were received high cholesterol diet. Group III was treated with Atorvastatin 5mg/kg. Group IV, V and VI rats were treated with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of Lutein. After 16 weeks, liver tissue samples were collected from all the groups of animals to evaluate the expression of PPARα and LDLR.Results: The expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) was significantly increased in Lutein treated hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Lutein activates LDL receptor and PPARα in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.

Acid-base status of fish at different temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. R452-R459 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Future Work

In the water-breathing fishes, rising temperatures are accompanied by progressive reduction in pH, reductions in bicarbonate concentration, and slight rises in CO2 partial pressure. The pH-temperature slope of both intra- and extracellular compartments varies considerably, from -0.009 to -0.033/degrees C, with a rather consistent pattern of red muscle greater than white muscle greater than heart. Three different approaches to acid-base analysis, the imidazole-alphastat model, the strong-ion difference analysis, and the delta-bicarbonate approach, were applied to a set of data from the fresh-water channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). A principal difficulty encountered in using all three approaches was that assumptions were required regarding the chemical behavior of the intracellular buffers, but the delta-bicarbonate approach has the practical advantage of emphasizing parameters that can be measured directly. Closed-system models are not generally applicable to fish, and the interest for future work lies in deciphering the significance of tissue-to-tissue variations in pH regulation and in elucidating the mechanisms of the strong-ion transfers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document