scholarly journals Observations of sunlit N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> aurora at high altitudes during the RENU2 flight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Gunnar Ellingsen ◽  
Dag Lorentzen ◽  
David Kenward ◽  
Jams H. Hecht ◽  
J. Scott Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Polar Cusp ◽  
Rocket Experiment ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. We present measurements of sunlit aurora during the launch of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) on the 13th of December 2015 at 07:34 UT. The in situ auroral conditions coincide with those of sunlit aurora, and were characterised by the 391.4 nm and 427.8 nm N2+ emissions. A correlation between several auroral wavelengths, as measured by a meridian scanning photometer was used to detect sunlit aurora and indirectly neutral upwelling. These results, based on ground data, agree well with the RENU2 measurements recorded during its pass through the sunlit polar cusp. Using data from RENU2 and the solar photon flux, it was found that sunlit aurora was a major part (≈ 40 %) of the observed 427.8 nm emission.

scholarly journals Observations of sunlit N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> aurora at high altitudes during the RENU2 flight

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-859
Author(s):  
Pål Gunnar Ellingsen ◽  
Dag Lorentzen ◽  
David Kenward ◽  
James H. Hecht ◽  
J. Scott Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Polar Cusp ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Rocket Experiment ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract. We present measurements of sunlit aurora during the launch of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) on the 13 December 2015, 07:34 UTC. The in situ auroral conditions coincide with those of sunlit aurora and were characterised by the 391.4 and 427.8 nm N2+ emissions. A correlation between several auroral wavelengths, as measured by a meridian-scanning photometer, was used to detect sunlit aurora and indirectly neutral upwelling. These results, based on ground data, agree well with the RENU2 measurements recorded during its pass through the sunlit polar cusp. Using in situ data from RENU2 and the solar photon flux, it was estimated that the sunlit aurora was a major part (≈40 %) of the observed 427.8 nm emission.

Gamma-ray spectrometer calibration for field analysis of thorium, uranium and potassium

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Killeen ◽  
C. M. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spectrometer Calibration

The calibration of a portable three-channel gamma-ray spectrometer for in situ analysis of thorium, uranium, and potassium is discussed. A method of regression analysis is suggested as the best means of including all of the data available from the calibration stations. Calibration indicates a nonlinear relation between count rates obtained in the field and concentrations in parts per million obtained from laboratory analysis. The range of radioelement content must be taken into consideration and appropriate sets of calibration constants applied. As an example of the method, calibration constants are calculated for a portable gamma-ray spectrometer using data for the Blind River uranium region of Ontario.

Chemical characteristics and in situ ruminal parameters of barley for cattle: Comparison of the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and five feed cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton J Hart ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through

The objective of this study was to compare the most widely grown barley cultivar in Canada, AC Metcalfe, a malting type barley, with five feed cultivars. Barley cultivars were grown at one location during 3 consecutive years and barley samples were milled to pass through a 1-mm screen and analysed to determine nutritive value. Additional samples were passed through a roller mill with a gap set at 1.12 mm and incubated ruminally for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in 3 dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae. The rate and extent of rumen digestion were estimated. AC Metcalfe had a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of NDF, and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of non structural carbohydrates, starch, ADF, total digestible nutrients, and fermentable cell wall carbohydrates compared with the mean of the feed cultivars. The malting cultivar had a higher (P < 0.001) soluble DM fraction, lower (P < 0.05) CP and starch degradation rates, and a lower (P < 0.001) ruminally degradable starch concentration compared with the mean of the five feed cultivars. The results demonstrate that there are only small differences in terms of chemical composition and in situ degradation kinetics between the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and the five feed cultivars of barley reported here. Key words: Barley, energy, protein, ruminants

Hedonic experiences at heritage attractions: the visitor’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Bender ◽  
Manuela Guerreiro ◽  
Bernardete Dias Sequeira ◽  
Júlio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Hedonic Experience ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the hedonic experience and its formation at heritage attractions. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative and exploratory approach was applied, using data from 21 semi-structured interviews and three in-situ focus groups. Findings Findings highlight that senses, imagery and emotions are stimulated by the physical landscape and by triggers of memorable experiences. Research limitations/implications To further explore this topic, a broader range of heritage attractions and perspectives from the diverse stakeholders involved in the management and consumption of these sites is needed. Originality/value Given the scarcity of research dedicated to the hedonic experience at heritage sites, this study provides a contribution by exploring the visitor’s perspective and points out relevant insights. As the hedonic feelings of pleasure, comfort and related affective responses impact the quality of memorable experiences, relevant implications for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Data assimilation for volcanic ash plumes using a satellite observational operator: a case study on the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangliang Fu ◽  
Fred Prata ◽  
Hai Xiang Lin ◽  
Arnold Heemink ◽  
Arjo Segers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
D Model

Abstract. Using data assimilation (DA) to improve model forecast accuracy is a powerful approach that requires available observations. Infrared satellite measurements of volcanic ash mass loadings are often used as input observations for the assimilation scheme. However, because these primary satellite-retrieved data are often two-dimensional (2-D) and the ash plume is usually vertically located in a narrow band, directly assimilating the 2-D ash mass loadings in a three-dimensional (3-D) volcanic ash model (with an integral observational operator) can usually introduce large artificial/spurious vertical correlations.In this study, we look at an approach to avoid the artificial vertical correlations by not involving the integral operator. By integrating available data of ash mass loadings and cloud top heights, as well as data-based assumptions on thickness, we propose a satellite observational operator (SOO) that translates satellite-retrieved 2-D volcanic ash mass loadings to 3-D concentrations. The 3-D SOO makes the analysis step of assimilation comparable in the 3-D model space.Ensemble-based DA is used to assimilate the extracted measurements of ash concentrations. The results show that satellite DA with SOO can improve the estimate of volcanic ash state and the forecast. Comparison with both satellite-retrieved data and aircraft in situ measurements shows that the effective duration of the improved volcanic ash forecasts for the distal part of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano is about 6 h.

scholarly journals Daily Variations of Photosynthetic Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato Plants during Winter and Spring

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ayari ◽  
M. Dorais ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Source Limitation

Daily and seasonal variations of photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorescence and foliar carbohydrate content were studied in situ on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Trust') plants grown under CO2 enrichment and supplemental lighting. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of seasonal variation of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) on photosynthetic efficiency of tomato plants and to determine the presence or absence of photosynthetic down-regulation under greenhouse growing conditions prevailing in northern latitudes. During winter, the fifth and the tenth leaves of tomato plants showed low, constant daily photosynthetic activity suggesting a source limitation under low PPF. In winter, the ratio of variable to maximum Chl-a fluorescence in dark adapted state (Fv/Fm) remained constant during the day indicating no photoinhibition occurred. In February, an increase in photosynthetic activity was followed by a decline during March, April, and May accompanied by an increase in sucrose and daily starch concentrations and constant but high hexose level. This accumulation was a long-term response to high PPF and CO2 enrichment which would be caused by a sink limitation. Thus, in spring we observed an in situ downregulation of photosynthesis. The ratio Fv/Fm decreased in spring compared to winter in response to increasing PPF. The daily decline of Fv/Fm was observed particularly as a midday depression followed by a recovery towards the end of the day. This indicated that tomato leaves were subject to a reversible inhibition in spring. Fv/Fm was lower in March than in April and May even though PPF was higher in April and May than in March. These results suggest that tomato plants develop an adaptive and protective strategy as PPF increases in spring.

scholarly journals In Situ Estimation of Carbon Balance of In Vitro Sweetpotato and Tomato Plantlets Cultured with Varying Initial Sucrose Concentrations in the Medium

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Makiko Ezawa ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Species Specific

The effects of initial sucrose (suc) concentrations in the medium (S0) on the carbon balance and growth of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. `Beniazuma'] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `HanaQueen') plantlets were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Plantlets were cultured with 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 g·L-1 of S0 under high photosynthetic photon flux (160 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and CO2 enriched (1400 to 2050 μmol·mol-1) conditions. Net photosynthetic rate per leaf area (Pl) decreased and dry weight per plantlet (Wd) increased with increasing S0, but did not differ significantly between S0 of 7.5 to 30 g·L-1 for sweetpotato or 15 to 30 g·L-1 for tomato. Carbon influxes and effluxes of the plantlets by metabolism of medium suc and/or photosynthesis, and respiration were estimated based on measurements of in situ and steady state CO2 exchange rates and sugar uptake during culture. At S0 from 7.5 to 30 g·L-1, photosynthesis was responsible for 82% to 92% and 60% to 67% of carbohydrate assimilation for sweetpotato and tomato, respectively. Estimated carbon balances of plantlets based on the estimated and actual increases of moles of carbon in plant tissue demonstrated that in situ estimation of carbon balance was reasonably accurate for sweetpotato at S0 of 0 to 15 g·L-1 and for tomato at S0 of 0 g·L-1 and that the actual contribution of photosynthesis for tomato at high S0 might be lower than the values estimated in the present experiment. Results showed that initial suc concentration affected the relative contribution of photosynthesis on their carbon balances and that the responses were species specific. The failure of validation at S0 in a range specific to each species suggested the need for further study on carbon metabolism of in vitro plantlets cultured with sugar in the medium.

Uncertainties of spectral in situ measurements in wastewater using different calibration approaches

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rieger ◽  
G. Langergraber ◽  
H. Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Calibration ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Three calibration methods were applied to UV/VIS spectra recorded in the influent of six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to measure total COD (CODtot), filtered COD (CODfil), nitrate and nitrite nitrogen (NOx-N) and total suspended solids (TSS). It could be shown that a calibration of the sensor using data sets from four Swiss WWTPs leads to an improvement of the precision in comparison to the global calibration provided by the manufacturer. A calibration to the specific wastewater matrix always improves the results and gives the highest accuracy. For CODtot a mean coefficient of variation CVx of 12.5% could be reached, whereas for NOx-N only weak results were achieved (average CVx=36%).

scholarly journals How the Local People Face the Rapid Change of the Tropical Freshwater Wetland Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Krisdianto Slamat ◽  
Pahmi Anshary ◽  
Anang Kadarsyah ◽  
Ika Oksi Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Local People ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Big Rivers

Barito River crosses from the northeast of Central Kalimantan province, but almost two-third of 1000 km length lies in South Kalimantan. While water comes from Schwaner Mountain in the upper, this river receives water from Meratus pass through five big rivers, such as Tabalong, Batang Alai, Pagat, Amandit, and Riam Kiwa. Before the water flowed into Barito River, it retains for sometimes in the low land swampy area, forming huge lowland muddy into shallow lakes, simply named wetlands. How do people commit to sustainability living in extreme tropical wetlands for generations? The ecological investigation was conducted for 2016 – 2019, in-situ observation on the daily life-behavior of local people of 200 local people living Barito Kuala, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Utara residences, their technologies, their progress in sustainability development. Data was collected by interviewing directly to the local, face to face, meeting with family, observing and confirming nature with them, as well as studying scientific articles and grey literature from official reports. Statistical calculation helps to compare several data sets, as well as serial of photographs, which documented to support the evidence visually. In conclusion, the locals face the rapid change environments which influence their life, income, health, and their properties and prosperity. Mostly, they complain that life is much more difficult now than several decades ago.

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