Impact of Groundwater Pumping on Flood Potential (FP) in Indian Sub-continental River Basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Shah ◽  
Vimal Mishra
Keyword(s):  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Monthly Discharge ◽  
The Impact

<p>Rapid groundwater depletion is one of the most vital issues related to food and water security in India. However, the crucial role of groundwater pumping and associated policy measures on Flood Potential (FP) in Indian subcontinental river basins remains unexplored. In this study, we examine the impact of groundwater pumping on FP in the Indian subcontinental river basins, having different climatic characteristics. We used Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) from Gravity recovery climate experiment (GRACE) satellites and precipitation data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) to estimate FP. We estimated the trends of TWS and FP using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall (M-K) method and Sen’s slope method was used to calculate trend magnitudes. We evaluated the results of FP with observed monthly discharge. Moreover, we find a decline in FP in river basins having rapid groundwater depletion. However, no significant change in FP was found for basins where strong policy measures have taken against groundwater pumping.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of TMI SST on the Simulation of a Heavy Rainfall Episode over Mumbai on 26 July 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 3714-3741 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Deb ◽  
C. M. Kishtawal ◽  
P. K. Pal ◽  
P. C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Cumulus Parameterization ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

In this study the simulation of a severe rainfall episode over Mumbai on 26 July 2005 has been attempted with two different mesoscale models. The numerical models used in this study are the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) developed originally by Colorado State University and the Advanced Research Weather Research Forecast (WRF-ARW) Model, version 2.0.1, developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The simulations carried out in this study use the Grell–Devenyi Ensemble cumulus parameterization scheme. Apart from using climatological sea surface temperature (SST) for the control simulations, the impact of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) SST on the simulation of rainfall is evaluated using these two models. The performances of the models are compared by examining the predicted parameters like upper- and lower-level circulations, moisture, temperature, and rainfall. The strength of convective instability is also derived by calculating the convective available potential energy. The intensity of maximum rainfall around Mumbai is significantly improved with TMI SST as the surface boundary condition in both the models. The large-scale circulation features, moisture, and temperature are compared with those in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction analyses. The rainfall prediction is assessed quantitatively by comparing the simulated rainfall with the rainfall from TRMM products and the observed station values reported in Indian Daily Weather Reports from the India Meteorological Department.

scholarly journals A Review of Irrigation Information Retrievals from Space and Their Utility for Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4112
Author(s):  
Christian Massari ◽  
Sara Modanesi ◽  
Jacopo Dari ◽  
Alexander Gruber ◽  
Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Current Observation ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Strategies

Irrigation represents one of the most impactful human interventions in the terrestrial water cycle. Knowing the distribution and extent of irrigated areas as well as the amount of water used for irrigation plays a central role in modeling irrigation water requirements and quantifying the impact of irrigation on regional climate, river discharge, and groundwater depletion. Obtaining high-quality global information about irrigation is challenging, especially in terms of quantification of the water actually used for irrigation. Here, we review existing Earth observation datasets, models, and algorithms used for irrigation mapping and quantification from the field to the global scale. The current observation capacities are confronted with the results of a survey on user requirements on satellite-observed irrigation for agricultural water resources’ management. Based on this information, we identify current shortcomings of irrigation monitoring capabilities from space and phrase guidelines for potential future satellite missions and observation strategies.

scholarly journals Municipal level water security indices in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe I. Arreguin-Cortes ◽  
J. Raul Saavedra-Horita ◽  
J. Manuel Rodriguez-Varela ◽  
Velitchko G. Tzatchkov ◽  
Petronilo E. Cortez-Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Population Vulnerability ◽  
Probabilistic Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Abstract As tends to be the case in other large, developing countries, Mexico is a nation of strong meteorological, hydrographic and social contrasts throughout its territory, which impact the various strata of the population in different ways. The current paper seeks to show how these contrasts create different water-security scenarios using pertinent indices. While some of the impact factors, such as precipitation, drought and floods, are of intrinsically probabilistic nature, others are related to population vulnerability. There have been a small number of studies on water security at global or regional scale that include Mexico, or at local level in Mexico, but none of them consider probabilistic aspects and population vulnerability, neither extend to municipal level. A probabilistic methodology was defined in this paper, and applied at municipal scale in Mexico, to obtain a water security index, which considers the concepts of risk, hazard and social vulnerability. Hazard comes in the form of water supply and drainage shortage, flooding, pollution, water quality, groundwater depletion and drought indicators. Vulnerability considers factors such as the educational level of the population, access to health services, illiteracy, housing conditions, unemployment and the proportion of indigenous language population. All these indicators are very heterogeneous throughout the Mexican territory. The proposed probabilistic methodology was applied in a geographic information system environment, and it was used to obtain water security indices for all municipalities in Mexico (2456 municipalities).

scholarly journals The Impact of Upstream Sub-basins’ Water Use on Middle Stream and Downstream Sub-basins’ Water Security at Country-Basin Unit Spatial Scale and Monthly Temporal Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu ◽  
Zaiyi Liao ◽  
Weijun He ◽  
Liang Yuan ◽  
Min An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Security ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Middle Stream ◽  
The Impact

Water, in most of the transboundary river basins, is a bone of contention among their riparian states. Taking this into account, this article assessed the monthly impact of upstream water withdrawal on the water security of middle stream and downstream sub-basins at a country-basin mesh spatial resolution. Roughly 2.18 billion people in 442 sub-basin areas experience water stress intensification by less than 1% throughout the year. In addition, 2.12 billion people in 336 sub-basin areas experience water stress level change, from no water stress to one of the water stress categories, for at least one month as the result of upstream withdrawal. Even though there is a clear upstream impact in many of the basins, water disputes with severe social, economic, political, and environmental consequences are nonexistent. This might be an indication that grave water disputes are the result of complex socio-economic and political interactions, not merely because of water deficits due to upstream water withdrawal. Therefore, understanding this relationship is crucial in identifying inflection points for water conflicts within transboundary river basins.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON WATER BODIES IN THE LAKE BAIKAL BASIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Ulzetueva ◽  
Bair Gomboev ◽  
Daba Zhamyanov ◽  
Valentin Batomunkuev ◽  
Zorikto Banzaraktsaev
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Baikal Basin ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Lake Baikal Basin ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The integrated assessment of the ecological state of the main rivers of the lake Baikal basin - Verkhnyaya Angara, Tyya, Barguzin, Selenga, Snezhnaya, Bolshaya Rechka, Khilok, Chikoy is based on the assessment of the variability of the basin system under the influence of two groups of indicators: 1) Direct (immediate) impact - the volume of water intake and wastewater discharge, water use and sequential water supply. Assessment of the impact on the state of the above-listed rivers basins from wastewater was performed using the algorithm proposed by A. Korolev et al. (2007). 2) Indirect (mediate) impact - indicators of areal and linear-network impacts on the catchment area. Based on the calculation of the integral anthropogenic pressure on the territory of the above-listed river basins, only the Selenga river experiences an “average” anthropogenic load. On the territory of most river basins, the anthropogenic load is “lowered” and “low”.

Art, Idleness and Food: The Ethics of War Communism and the Origins of Production Art, 1918–1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Theory Of Production

The article examines the impact of the discourses concerning idleness and food on the formation of “production art” in the socio-political context of revolutionary Petrograd. The author argues that the development of the theory and practice of this early productionism was closely related to the larger political, social and ideological processes in the city. The Futurists, who were in the epicenter of Petrograd politics during the Civil War (1918–1921), were well acquainted with both of the discourses mentioned, and they contrasted the idleness of the old art with the dedicated labor of the “artist-proletarians” whom they valued as highly as people in the “traditional” working professions. And the search for the “right to exist” became the most important goal in a starving city dominated by the ideology of radical communism. The author departs from the prevailing approach in the literature, which links the artistic thought of the Futurists to Soviet ideology in its abstract, generalized form, and instead elucidates ideological influences in order to consider the early production texts in their immediate social and political contexts. The article shows that the basic concepts of production art (“artist-proletarian,” “creative labor,” etc.) were part of the mainstream trends in the politics of “red Petrograd.” The Futurists borrowed the popular notion of the “commune” for the title of their main newspaper but also worked with the Committees of the Rural Poor and with the state institutions for procurement and distribution. They took an active part in the Fine Art Department of Narkompros (People’s Commissariat of Education). The theory of production art was created under these conditions. The individualistic protest and “aesthetic terror” of pre-revolutionary Futurism had to be reconsidered, and new state policy measures were based on them. The harsh socio-economic context of war communism prompted artists to rethink their own role in the “impending commune.” Further development of these ideas led to the Constructivist movement and strongly influenced the extremely diverse trends within the “left art” of the 1920s.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ashraf ◽  
Ali Nazemi ◽  
Amir AghaKouchak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Storage Basin ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

AbstractUsing publicly-available average monthly groundwater level data in 478 sub-basins and 30 basins in Iran, we quantify country-wide groundwater depletion in Iran. Natural and anthropogenic elements affecting the dynamics of groundwater storage are taken into account and quantified during the period of 2002–2015. We estimate that the total groundwater depletion in Iran to be ~ 74 km3 during this period with highly localized and variable rates of change at basin and sub-basin scales. The impact of depletion in Iran’s groundwater reserves is already manifested by extreme overdrafts in ~ 77% of Iran’s land area, a growing soil salinity across the entire country, and increasing frequency and extent of land subsidence in Iran’s planes. While meteorological/hydrological droughts act as triggers and intensify the rate of depletion in country-wide groundwater storage, basin-scale groundwater depletions in Iran are mainly caused by extensive human water withdrawals. We warn that continuation of unsustainable groundwater management in Iran can lead to potentially irreversible impacts on land and environment, threatening country’s water, food, socio-economic security.

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