The Karakoram Predicament
<p>The anomalous behaviour of Karakoram Glaciers (Hewitt, 2005) in the backdrop of a warming planet has been a decade long debate baffling climatologists worldwide. While a lot of effort has been given to understand this behaviour, very little has been explored with respect to the factors that favour glaciation rates. A fundamental approach to glacial mass budget calculation involves a simplistic assessment of accumulation and melt. Analysis of meteorological datasets over the last 40 years yields conflicting scenarios. On one hand, we have observed a significant negative trend in winter rainfall and snowfall amount coupled with increasing surface temperatures and vertical mixing of atmospheric vapour. On the other hand, parameters that reflect the bulk of a cryospheric reservoir such as snow depth, dry snow/wet snow percentages show stable to increasing trend. Between lower moisture input and potential ablation rates, the steady-state nature of Karakoram glaciers have emulated optimism in the works of climatologists worldwide. In this study, we have tried to formulate an &#8216;accumulation index&#8217; as a function of moisture input, surface temperature and atmospheric vertical circulation. Precipitation trends are negative yet periodic which suffices a positive accumulation rate. At the same time, local factors such as debris field and wet snow cover area help preserve the accumulated bulk of a given winter through the upcoming warm summers. However, in a potentially warming planet, accumulation rates aren't proportional to ambient temperature. Studies show that the mass balance turns sharply negative at temperatures above -10 &#176;C due to accelerated ablation which overcompensates accumulation. This makes the Karakoram phenomenon a function of global meteorology rather than local factors i.e. debris cover, vorticity, etc. Therefore, we suggest that the Karakoram Glaciers aren&#8217;t behaving anomalously, but lagging in phase with central and eastern Himalayan glaciated regions.</p>