scholarly journals Daily Precipitation Threshold for Rainstorm and Flood Disaster in the Mainland of China: An Economic Loss Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Jidong Wu ◽  
Rumei Tang ◽  
Mengqi Ye ◽  
Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Precipitation Threshold ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Province Level

<p>Exploring precipitation threshold from an economic loss perspective is critical for rainstorm and flood disaster risk assessment under climate change. Based on the daily gridded precipitation dataset and direct economic losses (DELs) of rainstorm and flood disasters in the mainland of China, this paper first filtered a relatively reasonable disaster-triggering daily precipitation threshold (DDPT) combination according to the relationship between extreme precipitation days and direct economic loss (DEL) rates at province level and then comprehensively analyzed the spatial landscape of DDPT across China. The results show that (1) the daily precipitation determined by the combination of a 10 mm fixed threshold and 99.3th percentile is recognized as the optimal DDPT of rainstorm and flood disasters, and the correlation coefficient between annual extreme precipitation days and DEL rates reached 0.45 (p < 0.01). (2) The optimal DDPT decreases from southeast (up to 87 mm) to northwest (10 mm) across China, and the DDPTs of 7 out of 31 provinces are lower than 25 mm, while 5 provinces are higher than 50 mm on average. These results suggest that DDPTs exist with large spatial heterogeneity across China, and adopting regional differentiated DDPT is helpful for conducting effective disaster risk analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Daily Precipitation Threshold for Rainstorm and Flood Disaster in the Mainland of China: An Economic Loss Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Jidong Wu ◽  
Rumei Tang ◽  
Mengqi Ye ◽  
Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Precipitation Threshold ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring precipitation threshold from an economic loss perspective is critical for rainstorm and flood disaster risk assessment under climate change. Based on the daily gridded precipitation dataset and direct economic losses (DELs) of rainstorm and flood disasters in the mainland of China, this paper first filtered a relatively reasonable disaster-triggering daily precipitation threshold (DDPT) combination according to the relationship between extreme precipitation days and direct economic loss (DEL) rates at province level and then comprehensively analyzed the spatial landscape of DDPT across China. The results show that (1) the daily precipitation determined by the combination of a 10 mm fixed threshold and 99.3th percentile is recognized as the optimal DDPT of rainstorm and flood disasters, and the correlation coefficient between annual extreme precipitation days and DEL rates reached 0.45 (p < 0.01). (2) The optimal DDPT decreases from southeast (up to 87 mm) to northwest (10 mm) across China, and the DDPTs of 7 out of 31 provinces are lower than 25 mm, while 5 provinces are higher than 50 mm on average. These results suggest that DDPTs exist with large spatial heterogeneity across China, and adopting regional differentiated DDPT is helpful for conducting effective disaster risk analysis.

Tourists “stealing” stuff

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662096098
Author(s):  
Stephen Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Relationship

Hotel guests are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their hotel room. Passengers are sometimes confused as to what they can take from their flight. When passengers take a flight and hotel guests pay for a room, what items are they entitled to? It is not so clear. This research explores this issue. The economic value of these items can be quite prohibitive and represents a direct economic loss to these tourism businesses. The focus of previous research on theft in the tourism and hospitality industry focuses on tourists being robbed or employees stealing from their employers. This research assesses the self-reported incidence of tourists taking items from hotels and airlines and investigates the relationship between tourists taking both free and not-complimentary items and self-reported ethical tourist behavior. Further, we segment and profile the types of tourists who take items from hotels and airlines. We achieve these research objectives by undertaking a quantitative survey through 538 completed questionnaires captured via an in-person intercept method in commonly frequented tourist hot spots in Hong Kong. The incidence of theft is relatively high for some items, but tourists generally know which items they are entitled to and which they are not. There are three segments of tourists in terms of their self-reported behavior of taking items from hotel rooms and off flights: Honest, Impulsive, and Habituals.

scholarly journals Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers in Extreme Precipitation on the European Macaronesian Islands

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Ramos ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
Ricardo Tomé ◽  
Margarida L. R. Liberato
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Macaronesian Islands ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precipitation Events

The European Macaronesia Archipelagos (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands) are struck frequently by extreme precipitation events. Here we present a comprehensive assessment on the relationship between atmospheric rivers and extreme precipitation events in these three Atlantic Archipelagos. The relationship between the daily precipitation from the various weather stations located in the different Macaronesia islands and the occurrence of atmospheric rivers (obtained from four different reanalyses datasets) are analysed. It is shown that the atmospheric rivers’ influence over extreme precipitation (above the 90th percentile) is higher in the Azores islands when compared to Madeira or Canary Islands. In Azores, for the most extreme precipitation days, the presence of atmospheric rivers is particularly significant (up to 50%), while for Madeira, the importance of the atmospheric rivers is reduced (between 30% and 40%). For the Canary Islands, the occurrence of atmospheric rivers on extreme precipitation is even lower.

scholarly journals Identifying hydro-meteorological events from precipitation extremes indices and other sources over northern Namibia, Cuvelai Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans C. Persendt ◽  
Christopher Gomez ◽  
Peyman Zawar-Reza
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Station ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Precipitation Indices

Worldwide, more than 40% of all natural hazards and about half of all deaths are the result of flood disasters. In northern Namibia flood disasters have increased dramatically over the past half-century, along with associated economic losses and fatalities. There is a growing concern to identify these extreme precipitation events that result in many hydro-meteorological disasters. This study presents an up to date and broad analysis of the trends of hydrometeorological events using extreme daily precipitation indices, daily precipitation data from the Grootfontein rainfall station (1917–present), regionally averaged climatologies from the gauged gridded Climate Research Unit (CRU) product, archived disasters by global disaster databases, published disaster events in literature as well as events listed by Mendelsohn, Jarvis and Robertson (2013) for the data-sparse Cuvelai river basin (CRB). The listed events that have many missing data gaps were used to reference and validate results obtained from other sources in this study. A suite of ten climate change extreme precipitation indices derived from daily precipitation data (Grootfontein rainfall station), were calculated and analysed. The results in this study highlighted years that had major hydro-meteorological events during periods where no data are available. Furthermore, the results underlined decrease in both the annual precipitation as well as the annual total wet days of precipitation, whilst it found increases in the longest annual dry spell indicating more extreme dry seasons. These findings can help to improve flood risk management policies by providing timely information on historic hydro-meteorological hazard events that are essential for early warning and forecasting.

Research on Evaluation Models and Empirical Analysis of Earthquake Disaster Losses in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 534-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepei Men ◽  
Lei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research On Evaluation ◽  
Earthquake Losses ◽  
Grey Clustering ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Indirect Economic Loss

Earthquake disasters occurred very frequently in China. As a result, to evaluate the losses has important social value and economic effect. This paper focuses on the assessment of economic losses of earthquake disasters which is divided into two parts: direct economic loss and indirect economic loss. First, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test is used to determine the distribution of the earthquake losses per year in China, fitting the frequency of earthquake that happened per month in China. Second, the grey clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied, respectively, for direct economic loss rating and indirect economic loss rating. Finally, the economic loss generated by the earthquakes which happened from 2006 to 2009 in China is evaluated, and eight earthquakes are rated based on the comprehensive economic loss.

Study on Urban Emergency Event Forecast - Taking Urban Traffic Accident in China as Example

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1629-1636
Author(s):  
Di Lu ◽  
Yao Wu Wang ◽  
Xiang Fei Niu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Population Potential ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Urban Emergency Events

In China, with the accelerated urbanization and the rapid growth of urban population, potential urban emergency risk factors gradually increased. Therefore, how to forecast the urban emergency events seems to be important. This study elaborated the mechanism of catastrophe theory and grey forecast method, established the grey cusp catastrophe model according to further research. An empirical analysis on Chinese urban traffic accident forecast was made by this model through four indicators: the number of occurrences, the number of deaths, the number of people injured and direct economic losses. By operating the model with data from 2002 to 2006, the accuracy is verified. Based on data from 2002 to 2011, the model result shows that the next traffic accident occurrence catastrophe will occur in 2015-2016, the next death number catastrophe will occur in 2012-2013, the next injured number catastrophe will occur in 2018-2019, the next direct economic loss catastrophe will occur in 2014-2015.

Study on the Evaluation Models of Direct Economic Losses in Urban Flood Disasters

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4878-4882
Author(s):  
De Cai Kong ◽  
Feng Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
General Process ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Direct Economic Losses ◽  
Disaster System

Based on disaster system theory, flood risk assessment was conducted in regard to natural properties of hazard and environment as well as socioeconomics of hazard-affected bodies. The general process of economic loss evaluation in flood was consisted of two parts, namely the evaluation of pre-disaster value of hazard-affected bodies and the determination of direct economic loss rate in the flood disaster. At last, the evaluation models of direct economic losses in urban flood were established.

scholarly journals Estimation of the effects of climate change on flood-triggered economic losses in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1619-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tezuka ◽  
H. Takiguchi ◽  
S. Kazama ◽  
R. Sarukkalige ◽  
A. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study evaluates the effects of climate change on economic losses due to flood-related damage in Japan. Three selected GCM climate data were downscaled using an analytical method that uses observed precipitation data as the reference resolution. The downscaled climate data were used to estimate extreme rainfall for different return periods. The extreme rainfall estimates were then entered into a two-dimensional (2-D) non-uniform flow model to estimate flood inundation information. A novel technique based on the land use type of the flood area was employed to estimate economic losses due to flood damage. The results of the rainfall analysis shows that at present (in 2000), the Nankai region, the area from Wakayama Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture and the mountains of the Japan Alps receive very high extreme rainfall. By 2050, in addition to these areas, the rainfall in the Tokai and Koshinetsu regions will be 1.2 to 1.3 times greater than at present. The flood-related economic loss estimation shows that the relationship between increased extreme rainfall and increased potential economic loss due to flood damage has a nearly linear relationship. The overall variations show that the potential economic loss is greater for the SRES-B1, A2 and A1B scenarios for all return periods. These results clearly show that flood-related economic losses in Japan will increase significantly in the future as a result of climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Economic Loss of 2018/2019 African Swine Fever outbreaks in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibing You ◽  
Tingyi Liu ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Bi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Indirect Economic Loss ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study evaluates the total economic loss due to the outbreaks of African Swine Fever (ASF) in China between August 2018 and July 2019. We propose a systematic framework to assess both the direct economic loss on the Chinses breeding industry and indirect economic loss on other sectors. Our evaluation system integrates various statistical analysis methods by applying the cost-loss model and substitution indicator method to calculate direct economic losses and using input-output (IO) model to estimate indirect economic losses. The proposed method provides an innovative and commonly applicable way to deal with the missing data that needs to be adjusted and repaired to be used for economic shock evaluation. We find that total economic loss caused by ASF is 224.768 billion yuan consisting of 99.042 billion yuan direct economic loss of the breeding industry and 125.726 billion yuan indirect economic loss of other industries. Our findings suggest that the overall impact of ASF on China's national economy is relatively small, mainly local and short-term impacts on the swine industry.

Discussion Based on Small PABX Lightning Overvoltage

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1946-1949
Author(s):  
Guo Feng Sun ◽  
Yan Bai
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
General Will ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Direct Economic Loss ◽  
Surge Protection

Construction of large and medium-sized program-controlled switches be placed strictly in accordance with national standards Professional program-controlled switchboard in the room, general will not be affected by lightning overvoltage and harm of operating over voltage. And small PABX are commonly used for smaller enterprises and institutions, such enterprises are unlikely to build professional for program-controlled switchboard room. Mostly I placed it on the corner of the Office or the Office area, convenient pin-outs. As a result of this device is undersized and lower prices, lightning protection concepts and enterprises and institutions to understand enough, it will not attach too much importance to. During the thunderstorm-prone season often makes their lightning overvoltage damage, direct economic loss was not too large, but the indirect economic losses are direct losses many times. This article in view of the characteristics of this equipment, according to the wiring form of power supply system using proper surge protection devices, equipotential bonding, shielding and grounding, and other combinations of several methods, and do not put too much financial and material resources to avoid accidents from happening, the various types of losses to a minimum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document