Proposal of a circular model for the management of usable waste in low-income municipalities in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Andres Vargas Terranova ◽  
Javier Rodrigo Ilarri ◽  
María Elena Rodrigo Clavero ◽  
Paula Andrea Bustos Castro
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Five Phases

<p><strong>PROPOSAL OF A CIRCULAR MODEL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF USABLE WASTE IN LOW-INCOME MUNICIPALITIES IN COLOMBIA</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova<sup> 1</sup>, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri <sup>2</sup>, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero <sup>2</sup>, Paula-A. Bustos-Castro<sup>3</sup></p><p><sup>1</sup>  Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad de La Salle, Carrera 2 # 10-70, Piso 6-Bloque A, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia; [email protected]</p><p><sup>2</sup>   Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected]; [email protected]</p><p><sup>3</sup>   Quipus Consultores SAS, Carrera 8 # 16-36, 250010, Cota, Colombia; [email protected]</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Waste reuse is a main activity included in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) system in Colombia. However, the economic costs related with these activities are not usually included within the service fee. Therefore, operators who perform reuse activities are not formalized or legally constituted and they do not always find a significant economic benefit. This on-going research raises a proposal for a circular model for usable waste in order to add value to the different stages that make up the recovery activity, generating social and environmental benefits.</p><p>The circular economy model for the reuse of waste has five phases: i) solid waste generation; ii) solid waste collection; iii) classification of solid waste in collection centers; iv) delivery to an external manager and v) reinstatement to the production chain, to finally return to the first stage.</p><p>The financial analysis of the circular economy model is also divided into five phases. In the first phase a basic calculation is made as a reference on the cost of the operation of the public cleaning service, the staff payment cost, the operation of the vehicle fleet and the cost of final waste disposal. In the second and third phases, two scenarios are raised regarding the state of the collection center in a municipality. Specifically, in the second phase, the scenario of a municipality that does not have a collection center or classification and utilization station is proposed. The investment in locating, adapting and building a collection center with different sizes is calculated. In the third phase, a scenario is proposed where a municipality already has a collection center, so the investment for its operation is calculated.</p><p>In the fourth phase, the scenarios proposed with the reference value are evaluated. Also, the behavior of production of usable waste and the fluctuation of values in the purchase and sale of this waste in low-income municipalities are determined.</p><p>Finally, in the fifth phase, a synthesis of the economic valuation is made, evaluating the scenarios for the municipalities, determining the amount of income and expenses.</p>

scholarly journals Transition to a circular economy model as an alternative option of solving the problem of solid waste utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01108
Author(s):  
Lyubov Larchenko ◽  
Lana Kuramshina
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Theoretical Side

Socio-ecological problems are relevant, both at the global and at the national and regional levels. In 2020, much attention is paid to ecology. Due to environmental problems, it is planned to switch from a standard economic linear model to a circular economy. The authors considered the theoretical side of the circular economy, as well as the principles of such a model. The article discusses the existing scheme for the disposal of municipal solid waste, and also shows a new scheme for the disposal of municipal solid waste in the Arkhangelsk region as part of the EcoTechnoPark Shiyes project. The article discusses both the positive and negative aspects of this project. The authors conducted a sociological survey among the population of the Russian Federation, where it was proposed to evaluate the attitude to the EcoTechnoPark Shiyes project and the possibility of organizing separate waste collection. At the end of the article, possible solutions to the problem of recycling solid waste are suggested, options for adaptation and motivation of the population to solve this problem are considered.

The importance of urban rainwater harvesting in circular economy: the case of Guadalajara city

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Arturo Gleason Espíndola ◽  
Fernando Cordova ◽  
Cesar Casiano Flores
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
The Cost

Purpose This paper aims to associate two fields of research: circular economy and the restoration of water cycle through the implementation of rainwater catchment systems in urban zones. Design/methodology/approach This study considers the case of the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, México. This urban concentration is the second largest in Mexico. It faces floods each year with a cost of over US$26m, while demand of water has a production cost over US$24m. At the same time, the aquifers are drying due to uncontrolled urbanization and increasing the impervious area over the recharge zones. In addition, rainwater is combined with wastewater, elevating the cost of the wastewater treatment because the amount and quality of water to treat exceeds the systems’ capacity. This situation causes floods and decreases the availability of ground water. These problems are reflected in the imbalance of parameters of water cycle and a new approach is needed. The circular economy model can help to preserve one of our most vital resources. Scarcity is already so pronounced that we cannot reach many of our desired economic, social and environmental goals. Technologies that help balance supply and demand can also help water (both stock and flow) to become part of a circular model. To prove this, the authors present a hypothetical scenario based on a pilot project and a basin modeling of Guadalajara, Mexico. Findings Through this paper, it is possible to demonstrate that rainwater harvesting can play an important role in circular economy. Using the rainwater catchment systems, the cost of damages caused by floods could be decreased, the demand of water could be reduced, cost of production can be reduced, the aquifers can be recharged and the wastewater treatments can be improved. Originality/value Few papers have been developed to associate two fields of research (circular economy and the restoration of water cycle), using rainwater catchment systems as the central element.

scholarly journals Are Agri-Food Systems Really Switching to a Circular Economy Model? Implications for European Research and Innovation Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Muscio ◽  
Roberta Sisto
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Circular Model

The shift from a linear model to a circular model can significantly reduce the negative pressures on the environment and contribute to restoring biodiversity and natural capital in Europe. In this view, research and innovation (R&I) play a relevant role in setting the modalities of this transition. Therefore, the European Commission (EC) recently promoted dedicated research activity instruments in this vital area of the economy and in society as a whole. This paper aims to shed light on current public efforts on R&I supporting the transition to the CE (circular economy) model, opening a critical debate on the actual relevance of the CE in current R&I policy with its major research policy schemes in the recent programming periods of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Looking at the most significant EC programs sponsoring R&I, it seems that the will to increase the sustainability of the agri-food system and to foster the socio-technical transition towards circularity is evident but not very relevant. The data presented leaves some open questions concerning the effective commitment of European countries to promoting resource efficiency via R&I.

scholarly journals Influence of Reduced Ownership on the Environmental Benefits of the Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Junnila ◽  
Juudit Ottelin ◽  
Laura Leinikka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Primary Qualities ◽  
Production And Consumption

The circular economy has become a popular concept, suggesting economic growth with fewer emissions and reduced ownership as one of its key parameters. Based on the literature, however, it appears that the concept has not been sufficiently contested empirically. This study evaluates the carbon and material footprint implications of reduced ownership in the context of household consumption. We found that the reduced ownership does not automatically reduce the environmental impact of the production–consumption system in the context of households. Reduced ownership in the study did not have any noticeable influence on material footprint, and in the case of carbon footprint, it only had a mild positive influence in low-income households. The result is surprising, since both intuitively as well as based on the literature, moving from ownership to services should increase resource efficiency and reduce environmental impact. In the context of households, actual consumption and investment behavior seem to override the theoretical benefits of reduced ownership. In our study, the circular economy rebound and the willingness to invest in green products seems to explain quite well why the environmental impact of consumption is not reduced when households move from ownership to services. Households appear to spend the money saved from reduced ownership on carbon-intensive services; when they own the products themselves, they invest a more-than-average amount in the life cycle performance of the products. The paper’s implications for the circular economy as a concept for decoupling economic growth from environmental pressure is that one of its primary qualities, sharing and renting services instead of owning things, seems to offer only a partial solution for the dilemma. In order to fully benefit from reduced ownership, the circular economy should emphasize simultaneous change in both the production and consumption of services, as it seems that simply offering products for rent does not automatically reduce the environmental impact of the final demand.

scholarly journals The circular economy model as a promising path towards regional ecological and economic balance

Upravlenie ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Dyakov
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents the results of an analysis of the possibilities for the transition of the region’s economy to a circular economic model. According to the aim of this article the main economic activities and tools for making such a transition in Kamchatka Territory have been identified. The principles of the circular economy and its advantages over the traditional “linear” model have been analysed. On the example of the Kamchatka Territory, the preconditions and prospects for the region’s transition to a circular economy model in terms of the existing structure of production of goods and services have been analysed. Using MS Excel tools, the structure of the gross regional product has been analysed, according to the results of which the main economic activities that are promising for the transition to a circular model have been identified. Regional indicators for waste recycling and neutralisation have been analysed, and chain coefficients have been calculated for growth in the share of recycled and neutralised waste for Russia as a whole, for the Far Eastern Federal District and Kamchatka Territory. Based on the results of the calculation, it has been concluded that the coefficient values for the Kamchatka Territory lag behind those for the whole of Russia and the Far Eastern Federal District. A number of financial and economic, technological, legal and informational tools have been identified, the use of which makes it possible to implement the transition to a circular economic model. Fisheries, energy, tourism, recycling and waste management have been identified as the most promising economic activities for such a transition. The findings conclude that it is important to continue research into the various aspects of the transition to a circular economy, as well as continued coordinated efforts are needed to implement it.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management in the Context of a Circular Economy in the MENA Region

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Safwat Hemidat ◽  
Ouafa Achouri ◽  
Loubna El Fels ◽  
Sherien Elagroudy ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Msw Management

Solid waste management in most MENA countries is characterized by lack of planning, improper disposal, inadequate collection services, inappropriate technologies that suit the local conditions and technical requirements, and insufficient funding. Therefore, waste management is mainly limited to collection, transportation, and disposal. As the circular economy has recently been given high priority on the MENA region’s political agenda, all MENA member states are seeking to move away from old-fashioned waste disposal, “waste management”, towards a more intelligent waste treatment, “resource efficiency”. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of national systems for municipal solid waste (MSW) management, and material and energy recovery as an important aspect thereof, in the context of the circular economy in selected countries in the MENA region. Since policy, regulation, and treatment technologies are traditionally connected to MSW management, the focus of this article is twofold. Firstly, it aims to identify the different practices of solid waste management employed in selected MENA region countries and their approaches to embracing the circular economy and, secondly, it examines the extent to which policies and technologies applied play any role in this context. The study revealed that most waste management issues in the countries analyzed appear to be due to political factors and the decentralized nature of waste management with multi-level management and responsibilities. In fact, material and energy recovery in the context of municipal solid waste management does not differ significantly in the countries in the MENA region considered. In most cases, “waste” is still seen as “trouble” rather than a resource. Therefore, a fresh vision on how the solid waste management system can be transformed into a circular economy is required; there is a need for paradigm shift from a linear economy model to a circular-economy model.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Evaluation of Current Municipal Solid Waste Treatments in India Using Life Cycle Assessment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Wahidul K. Biswas ◽  
Brajesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Gas Recovery

An environmental life cycle assessment was conducted to compare proposed municipal solid waste treatment systems with the existing system in Visakhapatnam, India. Five waste alternative treatment systems, including open dumping of municipal solid waste (S1), landfill without gas recovery [LFWGR] (S2), landfill with gas recovery (S3), anaerobic digestion + LFWGR (S4), and incineration + LFWGR (S5). EASETECH™ was considered for assessment using ReCiPE Midpoint (Heuristic) world environmental impact assessment method. Global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FEW), marine water eutrophication (ME), human toxicity (HTP), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), freshwater ecotoxicity (FWT), and marine ecotoxicity (MET) impacts were determined for each option. The existing MSW disposal practice in Visakhapatnam city (baseline scenario, S1) has the highest GWP (1107 kg CO2 eq), which can potentially be reduced to 68.2%, 81.5%, 98.2%, and 94.5% by alternative waste management scenarios S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively. Scenario S4, involving the use of anaerobic digestion of food waste and residues dumped in engineered landfill without energy recovery was found to be the option with the highest mitigation potential of most of the impacts, and it contributes to significant environmental benefits in terms of ecological footprints in a low-income country such as India. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the reasonable legitimacy of data used for the determination of the impacts.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

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