Assessing succession stages and community distribution characteristics on mountainous ecosystem hosting coming winter Olympics games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengshuo Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Tonggang Zha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Vegetation Succession Stage ◽  
Ecosystem Changes ◽  
Succession Stage

<p>Alpine mountain ecosystem shows strong interactions between abiotic and biotic parameters. They also received high attention from human activities. Considering coming international events such as the Winter Olympic Games (WOG) and its human impacts, foreseeing uncontrolled ecosystem changes is key. In this research, the vegetation communities distribution under different conditions were modeled in the Yin Mountains in Chongli Country (China), the core area of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Firstly, we surveyed the key factors limiting the vegetation communities development to guide the vegetation restoration after major events in this region. After that, the vegetation succession stage was assessed using the Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and market basket analysis (MBA) to classify the vegetation communities. Plant community and relationships among environmental variables were investigated through the trend correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence analyses (CCA). The results show that soil moisture and organic matter could be considered the main factors limiting the development of shrub and herb communities. The distribution of different forest communities was mainly affected by geomorphological factors such as slope positions, aspect and inclination. In middle and high altitude areas, apart of arbor and shrub communities generally showed the process of transformation from the pioneer community to transitional community in the competition. We conclude that providing the basis to understand the environmental factors that restrict the development of vegetation communities in the northern Yin Mountains was helpful to foresee uncontrolled and coming impacts after the WOG.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing Community Distribution Characteristics and Succession Stages on Mountainous Areas Hosting Coming Winter Olympics Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengshuo Zhang ◽  
Tonggang Zha ◽  
Xiaodong Ji ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Market Basket Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract BackgroundThe Yin Mountains located in China within the Chongli Country will be the core area of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. It is necessary to survey the key factors limiting the vegetation communities’ development so as to guide the vegetation restoration after major events in this region.MethodsTwo-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and market basket analysis (MBA) were used to classify the vegetation communities. Plant community and relationships among environmental variables were assessed through the detrended correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence (CCA) analyses.ResultsSoil moisture and organic matter were found the main factors limiting the development of shrub and herb communities. The distribution of different forest communities was mainly affected by geomorphological factors. In middle and high altitude areas, apart of arbor and shrub communities generally showed the process of transformation from the pioneer community to transitional community in the competition.ConclusionWe concluded that providing the basis to understand the environmental factors that restrict the development of vegetation communities in the eastern Yin Mountains and its potential changes after human impacts, in this case, the Winter Olympic Games, could help to more efficient restoration plans.

scholarly journals Exploring Issues within Post-Olympic Games Legacy Governance: The Case of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsu Byun ◽  
Becca Leopkey
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Issues Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Legal Accountability

The purpose of this study was to explore issues in post-Olympic Games legacy governance by examining the case of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. Using a combination of the polity, politics, and policy governance dimensions and the issues management literature, a case was built using archival material and semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight 10 issues related to the three dimensions of post-Games legacy governance (legal, accountability, context, funding, conflicting values or interests, venue, coordination, participation, pre-event planning, and policy momentum). The relationships between the identified issues and perceived gaps among stakeholders are also presented. A model of post-sport event legacy governance that highlights the multidimensionality of the governance system is provided.

Employment Effects of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Baumann ◽  
Bryan Engelhardt ◽  
Victor A. Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Leisure Industry

SummaryLocal, state, and federal governments, along with the Salt Lake City Organizing Committee, spent roughly $1.9 billion in planning and hosting the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Event promoters suggested that the Games would increase employment in the state by 35,000 job-years. We investigate whether the 2002 Winter Olympics actually increased employment finding that the Games’ impact was a fraction of that claimed by the boosters.While the Salt Lake City Olympics did increase employment overall by between 4,000 and 7,000 jobs, these gains were concentrated in the leisure industry, and the Games had little to no effect on employment after 12 months.

scholarly journals Public Perceived Effects of 2022 Winter Olympics on Host City Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3787
Author(s):  
Gulijiazi Yeerkenbieke ◽  
Chunci Chen ◽  
Guizhen He
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

Sustainability is now fully integrated into the entire life cycle of the Olympic Games. The planning, preparation, and staging of the Winter Olympics have opportunities to create a sustainable legacy for the host cities for decades. The tangible and/or intangible impacts of the Winter Olympics on the host city are multidimensional, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, there are still few studies on the multidimensional impact of the Winter Olympics on the sustainable development of the host city. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the 2022 Winter Olympics on host city sustainability from public perspective. Using a survey of 806 host residents in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the authors performed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to analyze the effects of the Winter Olympic Games on the city’s sustainable development. The Winter Olympic Games are divided into three stages, including the pre-game phase, in-game phase, and post-game phase, and the impacts cover three dimensions, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. The results show that the 2022 Winter Olympics integrate sustainability into the whole process of the Winter Olympics; the Winter Olympics have an important catalytic effect on the host city’s sustainable development.

The Role of Media in Enhancing People’s Perception of Hosting a Mega Sport Event: The Case of Pyeongchang’s Winter Olympics Bids

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Kim ◽  
Moonhoon Choi ◽  
Kyriaki Kaplanidou
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
The Media ◽  
Newspaper Articles ◽  
The Olympic Games

Residents’ support for hosting the Olympic Games is crucial for a bid to succeed in the Olympic host-city selection process. Because of the vital role of the media in framing public perceptions of Olympic bids, the purpose of this study was to examine media coverage of hosting the Olympic Games during the Olympic host-city bid process. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on newspaper articles about Pyeongchang, Korea. Pyeongchang was a candidate city for 3 consecutive bids for the Winter Olympic Games, and it finally won its latest bid to host the 2018 Games. Six hundred Korean newspaper articles were collected for analysis. The results indicated that positive, nationwide discussions of hosting the Olympic Games were presented during the successful bid. Infrastructure legacy was mentioned frequently and dominantly for both successful and unsuccessful bid periods, whereas the presence of sport-development and sociocultural-legacy themes increased in the latest, successful, bid. In addition, extensive coverage related to celebrity endorsement was found during the successful bid.

scholarly journals MODEL INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS OF ELITE FEMALE SKI-RACERS IN PREPARATION FOR THE 2022 WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES IN BEIJING (CHINA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golovachev ◽  
V Kolykhmatov ◽  
S Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Beijing China

Aim. The purpose of the article is to develop model characteristics of physical qualities in elite skiers that determine the level of their physical fitness, the achievement of which is able to ensure successful performance at 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing (China). Materials and methods. The study involved 19 female skiers, specializing in various types of competitive activity, aged from 19 to 27 years, with experience from 6 to 13 years and qualification from CMS to MSIC. The physical fitness of athletes was studied during the 2015–2018 Olympic cycle. using special training devices (strain gauge platform and inertial training machine) as part of the scientific program dedicated to integrated examinations in the laboratory of cyclic Olympic sports (All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports). Results. Taking into account the requirements for the model features of athletes during their preparation for the Olympic Games, 9 statistically significant indicators were selected to assess explosive force of the arms and legs, speed and strength endurance of the hands, which determine the general development of physical fitness. Conclusion. The results presented in the article are a logical continuation of a comprehensive study on the formation of a structural-functional model (Olympian-2022 model). This model allows to assess the development of the functional status and leading physical qualities in elite athletes, identify their readiness to perform specialized muscle activity and improve the training process for 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing (China).

Gender Representation at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games From an Australian Broadcast Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Olan K.M. Scott ◽  
Bo (Norman) Li ◽  
Stephen Mighton
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Total Coverage ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Unique Context

This study examined differences in the Seven Network’s primetime coverage of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games on all of its channels. Over 102 hr of total coverage was analyzed for clock time, name mentions, and the descriptions of athletes by announcers divided by gender. Results found that male athletes received the bulk of the clock time; 13 of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes were men. There were also gender differences in the word for word descriptors of success, failure, physicality, and personality. From a theoretical perspective, results found the framing of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games to favor male Olympians. The top three sports that were broadcast featuring women were ice hockey, freestyle skiing, and snowboarding, which differs from other studies in this line of scholarship, so differences in the sports covered in the Australian context provides a unique context to study the Winter Olympics. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

scholarly journals Research on Influence Factors of Air Quality in the Host Area of the 24th Winter Olympic Games Based on Grey Relational Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yuhan Xie ◽  
Lifeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

In recent years, the continuous development of the economy and science and technology of China has caused a certain degree of pollution to the atmospheric environment on which the people depend. The current air pollution problem is actively a concern by the government and all walks of life. Based on the 2015–2019 air quality indicators and some socioeconomic indicators, this paper uses the grey correlation analysis method to analyze the Beijing and Zhangjiakou cities that will host the Winter Olympics in 2022. The study found that the three factors most closely related to the Beijing Air Quality Index (AQI) are the permanent population (0.831), energy consumption (0.801), the number of motor vehicles (0.79), and the permanent population (0.916) and industrial added value (0.905). The total output value of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry and fishery (0.89) are the three factors most closely related to the air quality index (AQI) of Zhangjiakou City, and the permanent population is the common factor affecting the two cities. Considering that the factors that affect the air quality of the two cities are not exactly the same, this paper combines the development positioning of the two cities and their own characteristics, and puts forward specific suggestions and opinions on the different problems faced by the two cities. The aim is to promote the continuous improvement of air quality in the two cities to reach an excellent level through scientific and feasible air management programs before the opening of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, and help the 2022 Winter Olympics to be held smoothly.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY ON SPORTS DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF XXIII WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Olegovna Konstantinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the impact of the country's social and economic development on its sporting achievements using the example of the participating countries of the XXIII Winter Olympics 2018, held in South Korea. Based on the results of statistical analysis, an econometric model is constructed that determines the degree of influence of the studied factor on the resulting variable.

scholarly journals A winter sport mega-event and its aftermath: A critical review of post-Olympic PyeongChang

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
Jung Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
High Opportunity Cost ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Community Sports

Almost two years have passed since the Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, and this small rural province has now fully returned to its ordinary routine. In this viewpoint article, I present a critical review of the aftermath of PyeongChang 2018. This short essay focuses on three areas: (a) environmental damage and its restoration process, (b) the construction of the sport facilities and their use after the event, and (c) the sustainability of social infrastructure built for the Winter Olympics. The critical appraisal of the post-Olympic PyeongChang reveals that first, the winter sporting competition is more likely to degrade the natural environment surrounding the Olympic venues than its summer counterpart. Second, winter sporting activities such as ski jumping and bobsled are less likely to develop into community sports due to specific equipment and skills required. Finally, because of this comparatively high opportunity cost, the Winter Olympic Games is an excessively expensive event to host. The 2018 Winter Olympic Games may be seen as South Korean cultural diplomacy at its best. Yet, underneath this South Korean winter fantasy, symptoms of post-Olympic tensions, degeneration, and unfulfilled obligations remain.

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