scholarly journals Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
C. Azorin-Molina ◽  
A. Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
A. El Kenawy ◽  
N. Martín-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiative Component ◽  
Main Driver

Abstract. We analysed recent evolution and meteorological drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the Canary Islands for the period 1961–2013. We employed long and high quality time series of meteorological variables to analyze current AED changes in this region and found that AED has increased during the investigated period. Overall, the annual ETo increased significantly by 18.2 mm decade−1 on average, with a stronger trend in summer (6.7 mm decade−1). The radiative component showed much lower temporal variability than the aerodynamic component did. Thus, more than 90 % of the observed ETo variability at the seasonal and annual scales can be associated with the variability of the aerodynamic component. The variable that recorded more significant changes in the Canary Islands was relative humidity, and among the different meteorological factors used to calculate ETo, relative humidity was the main driver of the observed ETo trends. The observed trend could have negative consequences in a number of water-depending sectors if it continues in the future.

scholarly journals Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3393-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Cesar Azorin-Molina ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
Ahmed El Kenawy ◽  
Natalia Martín-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Monteith Equation

Abstract. We analysed recent evolution and meteorological drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the Canary Islands for the period 1961–2013. We employed long and high-quality time series of meteorological variables to analyse current AED changes in this region and found that AED has increased during the investigated period. Overall, the annual ETo, which was estimated by means of the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation, increased significantly by 18.2 mm decade−1 on average, with a stronger trend in summer (6.7 mm decade−1). In this study we analysed the contribution of (i) the aerodynamic (related to the water vapour that a parcel of air can store) and (ii) radiative (related to the available energy to evaporate a quantity of water) components to the decadal variability and trends of ETo. More than 90 % of the observed ETo variability at the seasonal and annual scales can be associated with the variability in the aerodynamic component. The variable that recorded more significant changes in the Canary Islands was relative humidity, and among the different meteorological factors used to calculate ETo, relative humidity was the main driver of the observed ETo trends. The observed trend could have negative consequences in a number of water-depending sectors if it continues in the future.

scholarly journals The short-term associations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants in Southwest China: a time-series study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Shengqi Chen ◽  
Hanqing Zhao ◽  
Chengxiang Tang ◽  
Yunfeng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is projected to be the third by 2030. However, there is little evidence available on the associations of COPD hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants in developing countries/regions of Asia. In particular, no study has been done in western areas of China considering the nonlinear and lagged effects simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the nonlinear and lagged associations of COPD hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants using time-series analysis. The modified associations by sex and age were also investigated. The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to establish the association of daily COPD hospitalizations of all 441 public hospitals in Chengdu, China from Jan/2015–Dec/2017 with the ambient meteorological factors and air pollutants. Model parameters were optimized based on quasi Akaike Information Criterion and model diagnostics was conducted by inspecting the deviance residuals. Subgroup analysis by sex and age was also performed. Temperature, relative humidity, wind and Carbon Monoxide (CO) have statistically significant and consistent associations with COPD hospitalizations. The cumulative relative risk (RR) was lowest at a temperature of 19℃ (relative humidity of 67%). Both extremely high and low temperature (and relative humidity) increase the cumulative RR. An increase of wind speed above 4 mph (an increase of CO above 1.44 mg/m3) significantly decreases (increases) the cumulative RR. Female populations were more sensitive to low temperature and high CO level; elderly (74+) populations are more sensitive to high relative humidity; younger populations (< = 74) are more susceptible to CO higher than 1.44 mg/m3. Therefore, people with COPD should avoid exposure to adverse environmental conditions of extreme temperatures and relative humidity, low wind speed and high CO level, especially for female and elderly patients who were more sensitive to extreme temperatures and relative humidity.

scholarly journals Impact of Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Incidence of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Hao ◽  
Zhiyi Yang ◽  
Wenwen Yang ◽  
Shuqiong Huang ◽  
Liqiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Few studies have previously explored the relationship between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and meteorological factors with the effect modification of air pollution, and these studies had inconsistent findings. We therefore applied a time-series analysis assessing the effects of temperature and humidity on the incidence of HFMD in Wuhan, China to deepen our understanding of the relationship between meteorological factors and the risk of HFMD. Methods: Daily HFMD cases were retrieved from Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 1 February 2013 to 31 January 2017. Daily meteorological data including 24 h average temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, and atmospheric pressure were obtained from Hubei Meteorological Bureau. Data on Air pollution was collected from 10 national air-monitoring stations in Wuhan city. We adopted a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with Poisson regression and time-series analysis to estimate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the incidence HFMD. Results: We found that the association between temperature and HFMD incidence was non-linear, exhibiting an approximate “M” shape with two peaks occurring at 2.3 °C (RR = 1.760, 95% CI: 1.218–2.542) and 27.9 °C (RR = 1.945, 95% CI: 1.570–2.408), respectively. We observed an inverted “V” shape between relative humidity and HFMD. The risk of HFMD reached a maximum value at a relative humidity of 89.2% (RR = 1.553, 95% CI: 1.322–1.824). The largest delayed cumulative effects occurred at lag 6 for temperature and lag 13 for relative humidity. Conclusions: The non-linear relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of HFMD on different lag days could be used in the early targeted warning system of infectious diseases, reducing the possible outbreaks and burdens of HFMD among sensitive populations.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Non-SARS, Non-MERS Coronaviruses and the Impact of Meteorological Factors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽  
Anika Hüsing ◽  
Johannes Korth ◽  
Fotis Theodoropoulos ◽  
Christian Taube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Background: Seasonality is a characteristic of some respiratory viruses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seasonality and the potential effects of different meteorological factors on the detection rate of the non-SARS coronavirus detection by PCR. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 12,763 respiratory tract sample results (288 positive and 12,475 negative) for non-SARS, non-MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1). The effect of seven single weather factors on the coronavirus detection rate was fitted in a logistic regression model with and without adjusting for other weather factors. Results: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern peaking from December to March and plunged from July to September. The seasonal effect was less pronounced in immunosuppressed patients compared to immunocompetent patients. Different automatic variable selection processes agreed on selecting the predictors temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover and precipitation as remaining predictors in the multivariable logistic regression model, including all weather factors, with low ambient temperature, low relative humidity, high cloud cover and high precipitation being linked to increased coronavirus detection rates. Conclusions: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern, which was more pronounced in immunocompetent patients compared to immunosuppressed patients. Several meteorological factors were associated with the coronavirus detection rate. However, when mutually adjusting for all weather factors, only temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover contributed independently to predicting the coronavirus detection rate.

scholarly journals Relative Humidity Affects Acute Otitis Media Visits of Preschool Children to the Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110091
Author(s):  
Ying-Fang Jiang ◽  
Wen-Wei Luo ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Dong-Dong Ren ◽  
Yi-Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: The associations between climate variables and diseases such as respiratory infections, influenza, pediatric seizure, and gastroenteritis have been long appreciated. Infection is the main reason for acute otitis media (AOM) incidence. However, few previous studies explored the correlation between climatic parameters and AOM infections. The most important meteorological factors, temperature, relative humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), were included in this study. We studied the relationship between these meteorological factors and the AOM visits. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A linear correlation and a linear regression model were used to explore the AOM visits and meteorological factors. Results: A total of 7075 emergency department visits for AOM were identified. Relative humidity was found an independent risk factor for the AOM visits in preschool children (regression coefficient = −10.841<0, P = .039 < .05), but not in infants and school-age children. Average temperature and PM2.5 were not correlated with AOM visits. Conclusion: Humidity may have a significant inverse impact on the incidence of AOM in preschool-age children.

High-performance inverted planar perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer via a solution process under ambient conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 19294-19298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichang Bao ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Meng Qiu ◽  
Ailing Yang ◽  
Yujin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ito Glass

High-quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were directly prepared on simple treated ITO glass in air under a relative humidity of lower than 30%.

Algorithms to predict moisture content of grain using relative humidity time-series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Delahunt ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Simon Ghionea ◽  
Andrew Miller ◽  
Austin Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content

IAGOS Research Infrastructure for Global-Scale Atmosphere Monitoring by Instrumented Passenger Aircraft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Petzold ◽  
Valerie Thouret ◽  
Christoph Gerbig ◽  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Martin Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
European Research ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
High Quality

&lt;p&gt;IAGOS (www.iagos.org) is a European Research Infrastructure using commercial aircraft (Airbus A340, A330, and soon A350) for automatic and routine measurements of atmospheric composition including reactive gases (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds), greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane), aerosols and cloud particles along with essential thermodynamic parameters. The main objective of IAGOS is to provide the most complete set of high-quality essential climate variables (ECV) covering several decades for the long-term monitoring of climate and air quality. The observations are stored in the IAGOS data centre along with added-value products to facilitate the scientific interpretation of the data. IAGOS began as two European projects, MOZAIC and CARIBIC, in the early 1990s. These projects demonstrated that commercial aircraft are ideal platforms for routine atmospheric measurements. IAGOS then evolved as a European Research Infrastructure offering a mature and sustainable organization for the benefits of the scientific community and for the operational services in charge of air quality and climate change issues such as the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). IAGOS is also a contributing network of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;IAGOS provides measurements of numerous chemical compounds which are recorded simultaneously in the critical region of the upper troposphere &amp;#8211; lower stratosphere (UTLS) and geographical regions such as Africa and the mid-Pacific which are poorly sampled by other means. The data are used by hundreds of groups worldwide performing data analysis for climatology and trend studies, model evaluation, satellite validation and the study of detailed chemical and physical processes around the tropopause. IAGOS data also play an important role in the re-assessment of the climate impact of aviation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Most important in the context of weather-related research, IAGOS and its predecessor programmes provide long-term observations of water vapour and relative humidity with respect to ice in the UTLS as well as throughout the tropospheric column during climb-out and descending phases around airports, now for more than 25 years. The high quality and very good resolution of IAGOS observations of relative humidity over ice are used to better understand the role of water vapour and of ice-supersaturated air masses in the tropopause region and to improve their representation in numerical weather and climate forecasting models. Furthermore, CAMS is using the water vapour vertical profiles in near real time for the continuous validation of the CAMS atmospheric models. &lt;/p&gt;

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