scholarly journals Human Trafficking Interdiction with Decision Dependent Success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARIS TEZCAN ◽  
Kayse Lee Maass
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Time Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a bi-level network interdiction model to increase the effectiveness of attempting to disrupt a human trafficking network under a resource constrained environment. To model the behavior of the trafficker, we present a new interpretation of the traditional maximum flow network problem in which the arc capacity parameter serves as a proxy for the trafficker's desirability to travel along segments of the network. The objective for the anti-human trafficking stakeholder is to invest resources in detection and intervention efforts throughout the network in a manner that minimizes the trafficker's expected maximum desirability of operating on the network. Interdictions are binary, and their effects are stochastic (i.e., there is a positive probability that a disruption attempt is unsuccessful). A multi-stage version of the model is presented, which incorporates the effect of interdictions becoming more or less successful over time. Model insights are presented using a case study of the road network in the Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Multiple problem instances are solved with a genetic algorithm that uses a pseudo-utility ratio for the repair operation. Observations regarding the impact of probabilistic interdiction success and the implications it has for optimal policies to disrupt a human trafficking network with limited resources are discussed.

Impact of Subliminal Advertising on Consumer Buying Behaviour: An Empirical Study on Young Indian Consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1580-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad Sofi ◽  
Fayaz Ahmad Nika ◽  
Mohd Shoib Shah ◽  
Ather Sidiq Zarger
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Subliminal Messages ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of subliminal messages in TV advertisements on consumer behaviour. Though there are number of ways through which impact of subliminal advertisements can be unearthed, in the current study, behavioural approach was adopted, which included discussion on case study (group discussion on subliminal ads) followed by response on a questionnaire. A sample of 390 respondents was chosen from Kashmir division through multi-stage random sampling framework, which, by and large, consisted of young students being a part of higher education in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Data was collected through structured questionnaire which was reliability tested and validated as well. Apart from exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor, discriminant analysis was also utilized for reliability, validity and data analysis, respectively. On the whole, the observations have been found considerable and it has been observed that mostly subliminal exposure inveigles young consumers and seduces them into illicit relationships through the subconscious mechanism. Besides it, subliminal advertising has paramount significance in determining purchase intentions and compulsive buying tendencies of a young consumer. Consumers under study have shown significant differences in their compulsive buying propensity after having being exposed to subliminal advertising. The present study has greater importance for welfare advocates who can utilize present work and suggestions, in particular, to safeguard youth from the tactics of subliminal exposure.

scholarly journals The impact of theological foundations of restorative justice for the human rights protections of North Korean stateless women as victims of human trafficking

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sil Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
The Impact

Restorative justice, with its most prominent characteristic being rebuilding social relationships among victims, perpetrators and the community that was damaged by a crime, has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional retributive justice model to treat criminal acts. Both secular and religious groundings exist for restorative justice, and religious theorists have developed theological groundings for restorative justice based on scripture and other sources. In this article, I will explore how a theologically grounded restorative justice model, focusing on Christopher Marshall’s theological exposition of restorative justice, can contribute to the thought and action of Christians and the larger public in the face of the moral injury caused by human trafficking. I will address how this model can also contribute to social structural change. In my analysis, I will employ a case study of North Korean stateless women who reside in China and who are victims of human trafficking.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10549
Author(s):  
Marinella Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co Concentrations

The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.

scholarly journals The Impact of Principals’ Knowledge of the Objectives of High Schools and the Influence on Their Managerial Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghadiri Bayekolaee ◽  
Omolbanin Abdi Sarkami ◽  
Seyed Ali Vahedi Moakher ◽  
Hassan Razaghi Shani ◽  
Seyed Majid Taheri Darkahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Educational Assistants ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study aims to assess the knowledge of the principals and educational assistants with high schools’ objectives and determines its impact on the performance of their managerial courses (case study: the city of Sari). This is a descriptive study and different questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study population consisted of all managers and educational assistants of both sexes. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used, based on Yamane formula, sample size was calculated 150. For processing and data analysis, SPSS software and descriptive statistics with central indexes, distribution, frequency tables and charts and to rule out or prove the research hypothesis, inferential statistics (T) are used for two independent groups. The result shows that in high schools the impact of principals and educational assistants’ knowledge toward their managerial function are meaningful and decisive. The deeper the information, knowledge and skills of principals and educational assistants of the goals of high school, their managerial performance will be better.</span>

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MAXIMUM VEHICLE LOAD AT THE AGE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT (CASE STUDY OF THE ROAD SECTION OF HERA DILI TIMOR-LESTE

Neutron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Junizia Elsa De Almeida ◽  
Koespiadi
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
The Impact

The road network is a land transportation infrastructure that plays an important role in the transportation sector, especially for the balance of the distribution of goods and services, both from other regions. In this study, an analysis was conducted to find out how the influence of heavy vehicle volume increase on the service life of the road, while the method used was Bina Marga, the study was conducted by taking a case study on the Hera road section until Dili. This research is expected to find out how the service life of the road if the volume of heavy vehicles continues to increase. If the% of heavy vehicles increases, the thickness of the required surface layer will also be even greater. When% of vehicles or carrying heavy traffic loads are increased, the thickness of the existing layer cannot meet, because the calculation results with% of heavy vehicles increase by 10%, surface thickness 17.2 cm / This will cause the service life of the road to decrease because it is confirmed that the road will be damaged before the service period ends due to excessive load increase in heavy vehicles.

scholarly journals Sustainable Markets: Case Study Of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Manna ◽  
Gayle Marco ◽  
Brittany Lynn Khalil ◽  
Sara Meier
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The traditional definition of sustainability calls for policies and strategies that meet societys present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1). Sustainability is a concern in private and public sectors all over the world; it is an issue that resonates with people in all age ranges, income levels, and geographic locations. The main idea of sustainability is reduce, reuse, and recycle. People and organizations alike must consider every possible effect from the decisions they make in regards to the environment. With over 600,000,000 passenger cars on the road in the world, and over 50,000,000 passenger cars built each year, it is imperative that automakers make sustainable decisions (2). It is not just the large number of vehicles in the world that is cause for concern, but the immense amount of resources needed to manufacture, transport, and fuel them. Automakers must consider the impact that each car has during every stage of its life cycle, in addition to their responsibility to society (in terms of the environment, education, and safety) and the impact of their suppliers. This case study is designed to discuss the background of Toyota and highlight the companys current actions in regard to sustainable marketing; a comparison will also be made to the sustainable efforts of Honda and Subaru.

scholarly journals Using Mosses as Bioindicators of Potentially Toxic Element Contamination in Ecologically Valuable Areas Located in the Vicinity of a Road: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur ◽  
Agnieszka Bes ◽  
Grzegorz Majewski ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Straight Section ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Sharp Bend ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
National Road ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the impact of road transportation on the concentration of Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, and Cd in moss (Pleurozium schreberi). The study was carried out over five years near a national road running from the north to the east (Poland) in the area of Natura 2000 sites. Samples were collected at three significantly different locations: (1) near a sharp bend, (2) near a straight section of the road in a woodless area, and (3) in a slightly wooded area. At each location, moss samples were collected from sites situated 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 m from the road edge. The highest Zn and Cd contents in the moss were recorded 6 m from the road edge near a sharp bend (where vehicles brake sharply and accelerate suddenly). At the same location, at a distance of 2 m, the highest Pb concentration was noted, and at a distance of 4 m from the road, the highest Ni concentration was noted. The Co concentration in the moss was the highest near the woodless straight section at a distance of 2 and 12 m from the road. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Ni, Co (only at the woodless location), and Cd (at all locations) were significantly and negatively correlated with distance from the road.

scholarly journals Emergency ambulance speed characteristics: a case study of Lesser Poland voivodeship, southern Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Lupa ◽  
Monika Chuchro ◽  
Wojciech Sarlej ◽  
Katarzyna Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe correct estimation of ambulance travel time is an extremely important issue from the perspective of healthcare and the security of citizens. In some events, the threat to the health or life of an injured person increases with each minute of waiting for an ambulance. The authors of this article analyzed how ambulances travel throughout the entire Lesser Poland voivodeship in southern Poland. Based on the analysis of 300 million GPS records that were collected over several years from 300 ambulances, real ambulance speed characteristics were compiled for the most important cities in the region. The obtained results regarding ambulance speed characteristics were used to understand the correlation between ambulance speed, the density of the road network, and the built-up areas of a given city. Furthermore, the impact on the speed of ambulances of traffic, time of day, day of the week, or the season was also examined. The influence of the use of ambulances’ lights/sirens on travel time was also examined. The culmination of the research was the presentation of the theoretical foundations of coverage maps and a method of implementing them based on the determined speed characteristics. The presented studies show that the speed at which ambulances move is a very local phenomenon. Also, a relatively constant average speed of ambulances throughout the whole week was found. Moreover, a difference in speed between signaled and non-signaled ambulance trips was observed. The speed characteristics that were obtained were used as input data for the development of dynamic coverage maps, which are an invaluable tool for supporting the decisions of ambulance dispatchers.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Policies on Pedestrian Safety and a Case Study of New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajjima Soathong ◽  
Douglas Wilson ◽  
Prakash Ranjitkar ◽  
Subeh Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
The Impact

Vulnerable road users contribute to nearly half of road deaths globally. In New Zealand, this group accounts for 26% of road deaths, which includes 8% of pedestrian crashes. This paper provides a critical review of the road safety policies from the pedestrian’s viewpoint for some of the best performing countries and discusses their effectiveness for the future. A case study is conducted for New Zealand to identify factors contributing to the pedestrian crashes and investigate the impact of the road safety policies on pedestrian crash trends. The policies are predominantly well informed by evidence-based approaches contributing to an overall reduction in the number of road crashes. However, little attention has been paid on pedestrian behaviour related to crashes. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for improving pedestrian safety to enable better safety outcomes that are closer to vision zero.

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Trafficking in ASEAN: Singapore as a Case-Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya ANIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoutheast Asia remains a notorious hotbed for human trafficking. The seriousness of the problem has led to the emergence of various initiatives to combat human trafficking. This paper seeks to address why human trafficking in Southeast Asia remains a contentious issue despite the various initiatives put in place for its eradication. ASEAN Member States, including Singapore, can only resolve the current inertia when it comes to combatting trafficking-in-persons (TIP) by adopting a multidimensional, and multistakeholder approach to the problem. Within Singapore, it is recommended that the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act should be amended such that it provides greater protection for all types of trafficking victims. At the regional level, there is a need for greater collaboration and co-ordination amongst ASEAN bodies in tackling human trafficking, which must be accompanied by comprehensive monitoring, compliance, and enforcement mechanisms.

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