scholarly journals INFRARED ROTATION PLANE RADAR CHANGE DETECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1835-1840
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
Y. Xiao ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Background Modeling ◽  
Complex Calculation ◽  
Rotation Plane ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Change Curve ◽  
Detection Effect

The existing change detection method mainly stays on the pixel-level, which is very susceptible to light, shadow, etc. And the complex calculation and analysis for each pixel reduce the detection efficiency. Moreover, there is no modeling determination method to initialize standard deviation of each element for existing mixed Gaussian background modeling methods. In this paper, an improved mixed Gaussian background modeling method is proposed, with the use of infrared rotation plane radar. The relationship between the corrected standard deviation of distance and the detection intensity is used to establish the curve of standard deviation of distance with detected intensity. For each data point, the standard deviation is initialized by the value estimated by the change curve, and the detected distance is used to establish the Gaussian mixture background model. The detection effect of the method is discussed and compared with the traditional Gauss background modeling in the experiment, the result shows that it has certain advantages in processing speed, adaptability to change background and accuracy of change detection.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

scholarly journals Mechanical Vibration Signal Denoising Using Quantum-Inspired Standard Deviation Based on Subband Based Gaussian Mixture Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aidong Xu ◽  
Wenqi Huang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Huajun Chen ◽  
Jiaxiao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Wavelet Coefficients ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Thresholding Function

Aiming at improving noise reduction effect for mechanical vibration signal, a Gaussian mixture model (SGMM) and a quantum-inspired standard deviation (QSD) are proposed and applied to the denoising method using the thresholding function in wavelet domain. Firstly, the SGMM is presented and utilized as a local distribution to approximate the wavelet coefficients distribution in each subband. Then, within Bayesian framework, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator is employed to derive a thresholding function with conventional standard deviation (CSD) which is calculated by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. However, the CSD has a disadvantage of ignoring the interscale dependency between wavelet coefficients. Considering this limit for the CSD, the quantum theory is adopted to analyze the interscale dependency between coefficients in adjacent subbands, and the QSD for noise-free wavelet coefficients is presented based on quantum mechanics. Next, the QSD is constituted for the CSD in the thresholding function to shrink noisy coefficients. Finally, an application in the mechanical vibration signal processing is used to illustrate the denoising technique. The experimental study shows the SGMM can model the distribution of wavelet coefficients accurately and QSD can depict interscale dependency of wavelet coefficients of true signal quite successfully. Therefore, the denoising method utilizing the SGMM and QSD performs better than others.

An Image Change Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Feature Self-Attention Fusion Mechanism UNet Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Alimjan ◽  
Yiliyaer Jiaermuhamaiti ◽  
Huxidan Jumahong ◽  
Shuangling Zhu ◽  
Pazilat Nurmamat
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Change Detection Algorithms ◽  
Image Change Detection ◽  
Control Loss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Network

Various UNet architecture-based image change detection algorithms promote the development of image change detection, but there are still some defects. First, under the encoder–decoder framework, the low-level features are extracted many times in multiple dimensions, which generates redundant information; second, the relationship between each feature layer is not modeled so sufficiently that it cannot produce the optimal feature differentiation representation. This paper proposes a remote image change detection algorithm based on the multi-feature self-attention fusion mechanism UNet network, abbreviated as MFSAF UNet (multi-feature self-attention fusion UNet). We attempt to add multi-feature self-attention mechanism between the encoder and decoder of UNet to obtain richer context dependence and overcome the two above-mentioned restrictions. Since the capacity of convolution-based UNet network is directly proportional to network depth, and a deeper convolutional network means more training parameters, so the convolution of each layer of UNet is replaced as a separated convolution, which makes the entire network to be lighter and the model’s execution efficiency is slightly better than the traditional convolution operation. In addition to these, another innovation point of this paper is using preference to control loss function and meet the demands for different accuracies and recall rates. The simulation test results verify the validity and robustness of this approach.

Small Project Management Strategy and its Relationship to Satisfaction on Life as Recognized by its Employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-61
Author(s):  
Neama Mostafa RaKaban ◽  
Hanaa Saeed Salama
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to study the relationship between the management strategies of the small projects of the workers in their dimensions: (Project phase strategy, making decisions, the project management strategy of financial production, Marketing Productive Management Strategy, the strategy of managing productive legal projects) with satisfaction with life dimensions: (Psychological compatibility, Self-compliance, Work environment, and Social compatibility) . The research sample consisted of 102 persons working in four small projects, "Ceramics - Bamboo - Serma - Hand Carpets". They were selected in a pesky-purpose manner from the employees of these projects in Sakiet Abu Shaara village, Sentris, Menoufia Governorate and 10th of Ramadan City. "General data form", "Project Management Strategies scale", and "measure of satisfaction with life" were applied. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The data were categorized and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods through the SPSS statistical program such as number and percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square and F-test. The most important results are related to the relationship between the project management strategy and the financial productivity and self-compliance at the level of significance of 0.01, which means that the realization of the requirements of the project in terms of finance and meet the needs, resulting in self-compatibility.  There is also a correlation between the project management strategy and the business environment at the level of 0.01 meaning that whenever the project needs to be met in terms of funding and meet the needs of the project as this leads to compatibility with the place of residence of the project and the surrounding environment, there is an inverse correlation Between the social situation and the decision-making at the level of significance of 0.01, which means that the greater the number of employees are married the less ability to make the decisions needed in those small projects, which means the impact of the ability to make decisions on the social situation of the individual. There were statistically significant differences between the averages of the different projects in terms of the overall project management strategy according to the dwelling. The highest value was for the medium in the ceramics project and the lowest in the hand carpets where the ceramic represents the highest average 2.000 while the carpets represent the lowest average by 1.809 at the level of significance 0.1. There were significant differences between the mean of the various projects in terms of satisfaction with total life according to the dimension of psychological compatibility and the highest value for the average in the hand carpet project where the results showed that the average and standard deviation of hand carpets is (23.745 ± 4.38) The recommendations of the government, decision-makers and ministries to establish a culture of entrepreneurship and motivate young people to set up private projects through the media, paying attention to the enactment of laws on small projects to motivate young people to establish and develop small and micro enterprises, In various stages to ensure the success and continuity of the project.

scholarly journals Classroom Instructional Practices of Islamic Education Teachers in the Basic Stage at Al-Mafraq Governorate and Its Relation to Gender and Experience Variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nosiba Ali Al-Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Basic Stage ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study aimed to identify Classroom Instructional Practices of Islamic education teachers<br />at basic stage in AL- Mafraq and to identify the relationship between these practices and<br />gender and experience variables as well as interaction between them. The researcher prepared<br />a scale which its reliability and validity were checked to measure the level of classroom<br />instructional practices. The sample of study which consisted of (64) teachers (male and<br />female) was chosen randomly.<br />Data were collected and analyzed statistically using means, standard deviation, t-test and<br />Tuky test. Results revealed that the classroom studying practices of Islamic education<br />teachers in basic stage in AL- Mafraq agreed with acceptable educational and social standard<br />(80%), whereas the percentage of the classroom instructional practices was (81-89%). The<br />results also revealed lack of statistical significant differences in the classroom instructional<br />practices of Islamic education teachers in the basic stage in AL- Mafraq due to the gender<br />variable but there were statistical significant differences at (0,05=OC) in classroom<br />instructional practices due to experience variable in favor of respondents with experiences ( 4<br />years and less) and 10 years and more).Additionally, there were no statistical significant<br />differences in the classroom instructional practices of Islamic education teachers due to<br />interaction between gender and experience variable. The researcher recommended conducting<br />further studies with different variables.</p>

scholarly journals Objective measurement of physical activity in Macaca fascicularis

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Wayne T. Corbett ◽  
Harry M. Schey ◽  
A. W. Green
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Active Intermediate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The mean and standard deviation over 24 h for 3 groups of animals - active, intermediate and inactive - in physical activity units were 10948 ± 3360, 2611 ± 1973 and 484 ± 316 respectively. The differences were significant ( P = 0·004), demonstrating the ability of the method to distinguish between groups that can be visibly differentiated. The small within-animal physical activity standard deviation (18·85 PAU) obtained in another group, suggests that it also yields reliable physical activity measurements for non-human primates. The monitoring device used can discriminate between individual nonhuman primate physical activity levels in a free-living environment and does not alter daily behaviour. This makes possible the study of the relationship between physical activity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals WePBAS: A Weighted Pixel-Based Adaptive Segmenter for Change Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
High Weight ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Background Modeling ◽  
Background Model ◽  
Dynamic Background ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Sample Set

The pixel-based adaptive segmenter (PBAS) is a classic background modeling algorithm for change detection. However, it is difficult for the PBAS method to detect foreground targets in dynamic background regions. To solve this problem, based on PBAS, a weighted pixel-based adaptive segmenter named WePBAS for change detection is proposed in this paper. WePBAS uses weighted background samples as a background model. In the PBAS method, the samples in the background model are not weighted. In the weighted background sample set, the low-weight background samples typically represent the wrong background pixels and need to be replaced. Conversely, high-weight background samples need to be preserved. According to this principle, a directional background model update mechanism is proposed to improve the segmentation performance of the foreground targets in the dynamic background regions. In addition, due to the “background diffusion” mechanism, the PBAS method often identifies small intermittent motion foreground targets as background. To solve this problem, an adaptive foreground counter was added to the WePBAS to limit the “background diffusion” mechanism. The adaptive foreground counter can automatically adjust its own parameters based on videos’ characteristics. The experiments showed that the proposed method is competitive with the state-of-the-art background modeling method for change detection.

scholarly journals An Investigation into Change in Agricultural and Industrial Products Output-price Relationships Drawing from Nepalese Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Ghan Shyam Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This research article explored the relationship between change in output and domestic price of both agricultural and industrial products and the variability or consistency of the annual growth rate of change in price and output of both agricultural and industrial sectors of Nepal. Objectives: The research aimed to establish the relationship between change in the price of agricultural products and change in the price of industrial products in Nepal. Methods: The study applied descriptive and analytical approaches to measure the relationship or correlation between changes in output and prices of products in the agricultural and industrial sectors. The parameters were analysed by comparing the standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The relation of agricultural and industrial product output with price is established by using a simple correlation analysis. Limitations: Based on secondary data collected from various economic surveys of Nepal covering 17 years from fiscal year 2002/03 to 2018/19. It measured the relationship between the annual change in price and output of agricultural and industrial production using simple statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, and correlation. Results: It was found that there is a moderate positive correlation between the change in price of agricultural and industrial products. Similarly, there is a low degree negative correlation between change in output and price in both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Implications: There was a positive relationship between the price of agricultural products and industrial products. Therefore, it is necessary to give high priority to the development of the agricultural sector. Industrial development is impossible without the development of the agricultural sector because they are interdependent with each other. The agricultural sector and industrial sector are uplifted simultaneously. There was a low degree negative correlation between price and output of the product of both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Therefore, output increasing activities must be performed by private and public sectors.

scholarly journals Implicit Detection Observation in Different Features, Exposure Duration, and Delay During Change Blindness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Change Blindness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Set Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Detection Effect

To investigate whether implicit detection occurs uniformly during change blindness with single or combination feature stimuli, and whether implicit detection is affected by exposure duration and delay, two one-shot change detection experiments are designed. The implicit detection effect is measured by comparing the reaction times (RTs) of baseline trials, in which stimulus exhibits no change and participants report “same,” and change blindness trials, in which the stimulus exhibits a change but participants report “same.” If the RTs of blindness trials are longer than those of baseline trials, implicit detection has occurred. The strength of the implicit detection effect was measured by the difference in RTs between the baseline and change blindness trials, where the larger the difference, the stronger the implicit detection effect. In both Experiments 1 and 2, the results showed that the RTs of change blindness trials were significantly longer than those of baseline trials. Whether under set size 4, 6, or 8, the RTs of the change blindness trials were significantly longer than those in the baseline trials. In Experiment 1, the difference between the baseline trials’ RTs and change blindness trials’ RTs of the single features was significantly larger than that of the combination features. However, in Experiment 2, the difference between the baseline trials’ RTs and the change blindness trials’ RTs of single features was significantly smaller than that of the combination features. In Experiment 1a, when the exposure duration was shorter, the difference between the baseline and change blindness trials’ RTs was smaller. In Experiment 2, when the delay was longer, the difference between the two trials’ RTs was larger. These results suggest that regardless of whether the change occurs in a single or a combination of features and whether there is a long exposure duration or delay, implicit detection occurs uniformly during the change blindness period. Moreover, longer exposure durations and delays strengthen the implicit detection effect. Set sizes had no significant impact on implicit detection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document