scholarly journals Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão Municipality – Brazil: disentangle the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Moreda Mendes ◽  
Márcio Roberto Magalhães de Andrade ◽  
Javier Tomasella ◽  
Márcio Augusto Ernesto de Moraes ◽  
Graziela Balda Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Natural Factors

Abstract. Located in a mountain area of Southeast Brazil, the municipality of Campos do Jordao has been hit by several landslides in recent history. Among those events, the landslides of early 2000 were significant for the number of deaths (10), the population affected and the destruction of infrastructure that caused. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of natural and human factors in triggering the landslides of the 2000 event. To achieve this goal, a detailed geotechnical survey was conducted in three representative slopes of the area to obtain geotechnical parameters needed for slope stability analysis. Then, a set of numerical experiment with Geo-Slope software was designed including natural and anthropic factors separately. Results showed that natural factors, thus is, high intensity rainfall and geotechnical conditions, were not severe enough to trigger landslides in the study area and that human disturbance were entirely responsible for the landslides events of 2000. Since the anthropic effects used in the simulations are typical of Brazilian hazardous urban areas, we concluded that the implementation of public policies that constrain the occupation of landslide susceptible areas are urgently needed

scholarly journals Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão municipality – Brazil: disentangling the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo M. Mendes ◽  
Márcio Roberto M. de Andrade ◽  
Javier Tomasella ◽  
Márcio Augusto E. de Moraes ◽  
Graziela B. Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Eastern Brazil

Abstract. Located in a mountainous area of south-eastern Brazil, the municipality of Campos do Jordão has been hit by several landslides in recent history. Among those events, the landslides of early 2000 were significant in terms of the number of deaths (10), the population affected and the destruction of infrastructure that was caused. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of natural and human factors to triggering the landslides of the 2000 event. To achieve this goal, a detailed geotechnical survey was conducted in three representative slopes of the area to obtain geotechnical parameters needed for slope stability analysis. Then, a set of numerical experiments with GEO-SLOPE software was designed, including separate natural and anthropic factors. Results showed that natural factors, that is, high-intensity rainfall and geotechnical conditions, were not severe enough to trigger landslides in the study area and that human disturbance was entirely responsible for the landslide events of 2000. Since the anthropic effects used in the simulations are typical of hazardous urban areas in Brazil, we concluded that the implementation of public policies that constrain the occupation of landslide susceptible areas are urgently needed.

Reconstruction of a realistic rainfall field for extreme events happened in mountain area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Abbate ◽  
Laura Longoni ◽  
Monica Papini
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Rainfall Model

<p>In the field of hydrogeological risk, rainfalls represent the most important triggering factor for superficial terrain failures such as shallow landslides, soil slips and debris flow. The availability of local rain gauges measurements is fundamental for defining the cause-effect relationship for predicting failure scenarios. Unfortunately, these hydrogeological phenomena are typical triggered over mountains regions where the density of the ground-based meteorological network is poor, and the local effects caused by mountains topography can change dramatically the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall. Therefore, trying to reconstruct a representative rainfall field across mountain areas is a challenge but is a mandatory task for the interpretation of triggering causes. We present a reanalysis of an ensemble of extreme rainfall events happened across central Alps and Pre-Alps, in the northern part of Lombardy Region, Italy. We have investigated around some critical aspects such as their intensity and persistency also proposing a modelling of their meteorological evolution, using the Linear Upslope-Rainfall Model (LUM). We have considered this model because it is designed for describing the mechanism of orographic precipitation intensification that was identified as the main cause of that extreme events. To test and calibrate the LUM model we have considered local rain gauges data because they represent the effective rainfall poured on the ground. These punctual data are generally considered for landslide assessment, in particular for rainfall induced phenomena such as shallow landslides and debris flows. Considering our test cases, the results obtained have shown that the LUM has been able to reproduce accurately the rainfall field. In this regard, LUM model can help to address further information around those ungauged area where rainfall estimation could be critical for evaluating the hazard. We are conscious that our and other studies around this topic would be propaedeutic in the next future for the adoption of an integrated framework among the real-time meteorological modelling and the hydrogeological induced risk assessment and prevision.</p>

More exposed but also more vulnerable? Climate change, high intensity precipitation events and flooding in Mediterranean Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ribas ◽  
Jorge Olcina ◽  
David Sauri
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Precipitation Events

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of high intensity precipitation events in increasing the vulnerability to floods in Mediterranean Spain. Precipitation intensity in this area appears to have augmented in the last two decades in association with warming trends of the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, intense urbanization processes, occupying and transforming flood prone land, have produced an important increase in exposure. The main objective is to assess whether higher intensity precipitation and changing patterns in exposure aggravate vulnerability to floods. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, vulnerability is understood as the result of the interrelationships between exposure, sensitivity, impacts and adaptive capacity. Consequently, methods used involved the compilation and analysis of published and unpublished precipitation data, population and land use data, data on insurance claims, and media sources related to those variables. Findings Changes toward episodes of more intense precipitation in the expanding urban areas of Mediterranean Spain increase exposure but not necessarily vulnerability, at least in terms of human deaths. However, adaptative capacity needs to be formulated. Actions that attempt to absorb and eventually reuse flood flows (as the flood park in Alicante) appear to be more effective than traditional hydraulic solutions (as in Majorca). Originality/value The paper provides a systematic and coherent approach to vulnerability analysis taking into account the changing dynamics of its components. Especially, it signals the limits of current adaptive approaches to flooding and advocates for changes toward a more circular and less linear approach to urban drainage.

scholarly journals Development of a food frequency questionnaire in a probabilistic sample of adults from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2196-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio dos Anjos ◽  
Vivian Wahrlich ◽  
Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos ◽  
Danielle Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

With the purpose of generating a list of foods for a food-frequency questionnaire, data from 24h dietary recalls on a typical day from a probabilistic sample of 1,724 adults of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. The frequency of food intake, the total intake of energy and macronutrients and the relative contribution of each food item to total energy and macronutrient intake were calculated. The most frequently reported food items (> 50% of adults) were rice, coffee, beans, refined canesugar, and bread. Whole milk was consumed more frequently then skimmed milk or semi-skimmed milk. Beef was consumed by more adults than chicken, pork or fish. Approximately 90% of energy and macronutrients intake was explained by 65 food items. The list of food items generated in the present analysis is similar to those found in other samples of adults from urban areas in Brazil. It may be possible to generate a core list of common foods with addition of regional foods to be used nationally in urban areas of the country.

Reproduction and denning by urban and rural San Clemente Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis clementae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Gould ◽  
W.F. Andelt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
California Channel Islands ◽  
Urocyon Littoralis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
San Clemente Island

Island foxes ( Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1858)) have experienced severe reductions in populations on 4 out of 6 California Channel Islands. Although numbers of foxes on San Clemente Island (SCLI; Urocyon littoralis clementae Merriam, 1903) have remained relatively stable, data on reproductive success in urban and rural areas are necessary to better understand population dynamics of foxes and manage the population if it sustains declines. Determining locations and characteristics of den sites will also assist in minimizing possible impacts of humans on foxes. We found that 10 female foxes produced at least 19 kits during 2008. Female foxes that spent a greater proportion of time within an urban area had greater probability of reproducing compared with foxes that infrequently utilized urban areas. However, these “urban” foxes often selected den sites nearer to roads, which may expose them to increased mortalities. We located 23 den sites on a mean of 17°–18° slopes with 40% having westerly facing aspects. We recommend avoiding human disturbance to these areas from February through June, which may minimize potential impacts on foxes. Our study should provide insight into managing island foxes, especially in respect to urban areas on other Channel Islands.

Dynamic Stability Analysis of Mountain Hollow Thin-Walled High Pier under Impact Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Yang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhi Qiang Chen ◽  
Zhang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Load Amplitude ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
High Pier

Hollow thin-walled high pier is a common form of high pier in mountainarea, so it is of practical significance to the dynamic stability analysis ofhollow thin-walled high pier in mountain area. This paper is taking themountainous area of a hollow thin-walled high pier as the background, and theestablishment of the fiber model with Midas for dynamic elastic-plastic timehistory analysis. The results show that: the hollow thin-walled high pier underthe impact load, load amplitude is lower than the critical load,and the dynamic response characteristics of thestructure of the value parameter i.e. horizontal displacement at pier top increaseslinearly with the load amplitude. When the load amplitude is larger than thecritical load, the horizontal displacement of pier top increases with theincrease of load amplitude nonlinearly. Power under dynamic load instabilitycritical load is about 80% under static load.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Urban Area (Case Study in Surakarta District, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danardono ◽  
M. Iqbal Taufiqurrahman Sunariya ◽  
Vidya Nahdiyatul Fikriyah ◽  
Munawar Cholil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Type Conversion ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration

Abstract The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.

scholarly journals The assessment of erosion in Aoulai watershed (central Rif mountains, Morocco) based on the PAP-RAC guidelines application

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Mstafa Hmamouchi ◽  
Abdelhak El-fengour ◽  
Mohammed El-fengour ◽  
Abdelghani Houari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Irrigation Pipes ◽  
Activity Centre ◽  
Weak Resistance

The land in the Aoulai watershed in the Rif mountain area of northern Morocco has been deteriorating continually due to several different forms of erosion. The Aoulai watershed is essentially characterized by the domination of weak resistance of the rocky formations and its sensitiveness to other major internal factors that result in a conspicuous impetus for both mass movements and water erosion.Water erosion is seen as the most damaging phenomenon for nature in northern Morocco because it acts as an obstacle to the natural balances and seems to have greater effect on the slopes, through the influence of both human and natural factors. To assess and examine the erosion phenomenon, we have chosen to conduct a qualitative assessment of water erosion in the Aoulai watershed using the PAP-RAC (Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre) Guidelines. This is the methodology that is most widely applied and implemented both for determining and identifying the areas at risk of erosion and for supporting projects to reduce the degradation that has become a major threat to hydraulic structures including dams, irrigation pipes and other infrastructure elements, which are damaged by the erosion phenomenon in the Central Rif mountains of northern Morocco.

scholarly journals Sliding layer estimation of shallow landslides on Aso volcanic mountains in Japan based on tephra layer-physical properties of soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Lia Istiyanti ◽  
Satoshi Goto ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Go Sato ◽  
Shintaro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Tephra Layer ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstract Shallow landslides occur frequently on the Aso volcanic mountains. The soil materials on the Aso volcanic mountains consist of tephra layers formed by volcanic activities. This study is aimed to specify the physical properties of soil that correlate with the sliding layer of a shallow landslide on the volcanic mountain area. Tephra layers consist of kuroboku and scoria layers and the differences between these layers were specified using the physical properties of soil methods. Results showed that the plasticity index and the fine fraction content can be used for estimating the sliding layer in the Aso volcanic area.

scholarly journals Population distribution characteristics and its relationship with natural factors in karst mountainous areas of Northwest Guangxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Shi ◽  
Bingkang Xie ◽  
Baoqing Hu ◽  
Chuanyong Tang ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Spatial Distribution

The smallest administrative unit of the sixth national census-township (town) is selected as the basic unit, the population spatial distribution characteristics at the township (town) level in karst mountainous areas of northwest Guangxi are analyzed by using Lorenz curve and spatial correlation analysis method, and the influence intensity of natural factors on regional population spatial distribution is detected by using geographic detector method. The results show that: 1. the spatial distribution of population at the township (town) level has the characteristics of imbalance, showing generally significant positive correlation and certain aggregation; 2. there are significant differences in the impact of the spatial distribution of various natural factors on the population distribution. For the towns without karst distribution in the northwest and central south of the study area, the population density increases with the increase of factors conducive to human residence, but the average population density is only 79 people / km2. In the towns with karst distribution in the East and south, the spatial distribution of population density and natural factors is not a simple increase or decrease relationship, but fluctuates with the change of karst distribution area. 3. The factor detection results of the geographic detector show that the altitude has the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of population. The interactive detection results show that the impact intensity of any two natural factors after superposition and interaction presents nonlinear enhancement and two factor enhancement. It can be seen that the karst mountain area in northwest Guangxi is similar to other areas. Altitude is one of the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of population, but the river network density and unique geological landform of karst mountain area have a strong catalytic effect on the spatial distribution of population. The superposition and interaction with other factors can further strengthen the impact on population distribution.

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