scholarly journals Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão municipality – Brazil: disentangling the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo M. Mendes ◽  
Márcio Roberto M. de Andrade ◽  
Javier Tomasella ◽  
Márcio Augusto E. de Moraes ◽  
Graziela B. Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Eastern Brazil

Abstract. Located in a mountainous area of south-eastern Brazil, the municipality of Campos do Jordão has been hit by several landslides in recent history. Among those events, the landslides of early 2000 were significant in terms of the number of deaths (10), the population affected and the destruction of infrastructure that was caused. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of natural and human factors to triggering the landslides of the 2000 event. To achieve this goal, a detailed geotechnical survey was conducted in three representative slopes of the area to obtain geotechnical parameters needed for slope stability analysis. Then, a set of numerical experiments with GEO-SLOPE software was designed, including separate natural and anthropic factors. Results showed that natural factors, that is, high-intensity rainfall and geotechnical conditions, were not severe enough to trigger landslides in the study area and that human disturbance was entirely responsible for the landslide events of 2000. Since the anthropic effects used in the simulations are typical of hazardous urban areas in Brazil, we concluded that the implementation of public policies that constrain the occupation of landslide susceptible areas are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão Municipality – Brazil: disentangle the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Moreda Mendes ◽  
Márcio Roberto Magalhães de Andrade ◽  
Javier Tomasella ◽  
Márcio Augusto Ernesto de Moraes ◽  
Graziela Balda Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Natural Factors

Abstract. Located in a mountain area of Southeast Brazil, the municipality of Campos do Jordao has been hit by several landslides in recent history. Among those events, the landslides of early 2000 were significant for the number of deaths (10), the population affected and the destruction of infrastructure that caused. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of natural and human factors in triggering the landslides of the 2000 event. To achieve this goal, a detailed geotechnical survey was conducted in three representative slopes of the area to obtain geotechnical parameters needed for slope stability analysis. Then, a set of numerical experiment with Geo-Slope software was designed including natural and anthropic factors separately. Results showed that natural factors, thus is, high intensity rainfall and geotechnical conditions, were not severe enough to trigger landslides in the study area and that human disturbance were entirely responsible for the landslides events of 2000. Since the anthropic effects used in the simulations are typical of Brazilian hazardous urban areas, we concluded that the implementation of public policies that constrain the occupation of landslide susceptible areas are urgently needed

scholarly journals Stable Numerical Evaluation of Finite Hankel Transforms and Their Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj P. Tripathi ◽  
B. P. Singh ◽  
Om P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Heat Equation ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Hankel Transform ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Infinite Cylinder ◽  
Stable Algorithm ◽  
Hankel Transforms

A new stable algorithm, based on hat functions for numerical evaluation of Hankel transform of order ν>-1, is proposed in this paper. The hat basis functions are used as a basis to expand a part of the integrand, rf(r), appearing in the Hankel transform integral. This leads to a very simple, efficient, and stable algorithm for the numerical evaluation of Hankel transform. The novelty of our paper is that we give error and stability analysis of the algorithm and corroborate our theoretical findings by various numerical experiments. Finally, an application of the proposed algorithm is given for solving the heat equation in an infinite cylinder with a radiation condition.

ENHANCEMENT OF INTEGRATED EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HORI ◽  
G. SOBHANINEJAD ◽  
T. ICHIMURA ◽  
M. LALITH
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Earthquake Simulation ◽  
Earthquake Damages ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Integrated Earthquake Simulation

Integrated earthquake simulation (IES) is a system to estimate possible earthquake hazard and disaster which can take place in an urban area by means of seamless numerical computation. High-performance computing (HPC) is enhanced so that IES is able to simulate a larger area in a shorter time, by improving the system architecture and adding new elements which smoothens the system's efficiency. It is shown in numerical experiments (which are carried out for actual urban areas) that the performance of IES enhanced with HPC is satisfactory. A new system is developed to generate a hazard map which depicts earthquake damages in higher spatial resolution by taking advantage of IES enhanced with HPC. It is shown that such maps can be generated for Tokyo metropolis in half a day.

scholarly journals Development of a food frequency questionnaire in a probabilistic sample of adults from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2196-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio dos Anjos ◽  
Vivian Wahrlich ◽  
Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos ◽  
Danielle Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

With the purpose of generating a list of foods for a food-frequency questionnaire, data from 24h dietary recalls on a typical day from a probabilistic sample of 1,724 adults of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. The frequency of food intake, the total intake of energy and macronutrients and the relative contribution of each food item to total energy and macronutrient intake were calculated. The most frequently reported food items (> 50% of adults) were rice, coffee, beans, refined canesugar, and bread. Whole milk was consumed more frequently then skimmed milk or semi-skimmed milk. Beef was consumed by more adults than chicken, pork or fish. Approximately 90% of energy and macronutrients intake was explained by 65 food items. The list of food items generated in the present analysis is similar to those found in other samples of adults from urban areas in Brazil. It may be possible to generate a core list of common foods with addition of regional foods to be used nationally in urban areas of the country.

Biological and socio-economic aspects of recreational fisheries and their implications for the management of coastal urban areas of south-eastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Barrella ◽  
M. Ramires ◽  
M. M. Rotundo ◽  
M. Petrere ◽  
M. Clauzet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

GENERATION OF BRIGHT MATTER-WAVE SOLITON PATTERNS IN MIXTURES OF BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES WITH CUBIC AND QUINTIC NONLINEARITIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIDIER BELOBO BELOBO ◽  
GERMAIN HUBERT BEN-BOLIE ◽  
TIMOLÉON CRÉPIN KOFANÉ
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Linear Stability ◽  
Linear Stability Analysis ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Modulational Instability ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Bright Solitons ◽  
Bose Einstein

The modulational instability (MI) of binary condensates with cubic-quintic nonlinearities is investigated. Using a linear stability analysis, a gain of instability is derived then, effects of the quintic nonlinearities on the instability gain are identified. To be precise, attractive intraspecie quintic nonlinearities enhance the instability, while repulsive quintic intraspecie nonlinearities soften the instability. Besides, small attractive and large repulsive quintic inter-species nonlinearities increase the instability. Numerical experiments quite well corroborate the analytical predictions. Further numerical results show effects of the cubic and the quintic nonlinearities on the propagation of trains of bright solitons generated.

Reproduction and denning by urban and rural San Clemente Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis clementae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Gould ◽  
W.F. Andelt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
California Channel Islands ◽  
Urocyon Littoralis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
San Clemente Island

Island foxes ( Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1858)) have experienced severe reductions in populations on 4 out of 6 California Channel Islands. Although numbers of foxes on San Clemente Island (SCLI; Urocyon littoralis clementae Merriam, 1903) have remained relatively stable, data on reproductive success in urban and rural areas are necessary to better understand population dynamics of foxes and manage the population if it sustains declines. Determining locations and characteristics of den sites will also assist in minimizing possible impacts of humans on foxes. We found that 10 female foxes produced at least 19 kits during 2008. Female foxes that spent a greater proportion of time within an urban area had greater probability of reproducing compared with foxes that infrequently utilized urban areas. However, these “urban” foxes often selected den sites nearer to roads, which may expose them to increased mortalities. We located 23 den sites on a mean of 17°–18° slopes with 40% having westerly facing aspects. We recommend avoiding human disturbance to these areas from February through June, which may minimize potential impacts on foxes. Our study should provide insight into managing island foxes, especially in respect to urban areas on other Channel Islands.

Habitat selection by the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in human-disturbed landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Secco ◽  
Clara Grilo ◽  
Alex Bager
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Abstract:There are several primate species with high risk of extinction in small forest fragments disturbed by human activities. However, some species exhibit high ecological plasticity, which allows them to persist in human-modified landscapes. The main goal of this study is to examine the relative roles of vegetation (mean distance among trees and mean canopy cover), human disturbance (distance to the road, distance to the fragment edge and edge type), and habitat spatial configuration (spatial autocorrelation index, category of quadrat – position within the fragment/fragment type) on the habitat selection of the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in forest patches. We selected forest patches near and away from roads/urban areas, in southern Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil. We used generalized linear mixed models to explain the presence of black-tufted marmoset in those patches. Our results show that black-tufted marmoset tend to occupy forest fragments closer to roads/urban areas, and consequently are under the influence of anthropic disturbance. In addition to the area delimited by these fragments, there is a preference for edge environments, where disturbances are exacerbated and the ecological conditions are suitable for exploitation by the black-tufted marmoset (supply of gum trees and reduced risk of competition). We suggest that a cross-habitat spillover by marmoset occur from forests to small habitat patches close to human-modified areas, such as those in proximity to roads and urban zones.

scholarly journals A Phase-Fitted and Amplification-Fitted Explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström Pair for Oscillating Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Musa Ahmed Demba ◽  
Higinio Ramos ◽  
Poom Kumam ◽  
Wiboonsak Watthayu
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Order Of Convergence ◽  
Truncation Error ◽  
Local Truncation Error ◽  
Nyström Methods ◽  
Oscillating Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
The Stability

An optimized embedded 5(3) pair of explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods with four stages using phase-fitted and amplification-fitted techniques is developed in this paper. The new adapted pair can exactly integrate (except round-off errors) the common test: y″=−w2y. The local truncation error of the new method is derived, and we show that the order of convergence is maintained. The stability analysis is addressed, and we demonstrate that the developed method is absolutely stable, and thus appropriate for solving stiff problems. The numerical experiments show a better performance of the new embedded pair in comparison with other existing RKN pairs of similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Urban Area (Case Study in Surakarta District, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danardono ◽  
M. Iqbal Taufiqurrahman Sunariya ◽  
Vidya Nahdiyatul Fikriyah ◽  
Munawar Cholil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Type Conversion ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration

Abstract The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.

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