scholarly journals Alleviating aluminium toxicity on an acid sulphate soils in Peninsular Malaysia with application of calcium silicate

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2903-2926
Author(s):  
A. A. Elisa ◽  
S. Ninomiya ◽  
J. Shamshuddin ◽  
I. Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. A study was conducted to alleviate Al toxicity of an acid sulphate soils collected from paddy cultivation area in Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. For this purpose, the collected acid sulphate soils were treated with calcium silicate. The treated soils were incubated for 120 days in submerged condition in a glasshouse. Subsamples were collected every 30 days throughout the incubation period. Soil pH and exchangeable Al showed positive effect; soil pH increased from 2.9 to 3.5, meanwhile exchangeable Al was reduced from 4.26 to 0.82 cmolc kg−1, which was well below the critical Al toxicity level for rice growth of 2 cmolc kg−1. It was noted that the dissolution of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) supplied substantial amount of Ca2+ and H4SiO42− ions into the soil, noted with increment in Si (silicate) content from 21.21 to 40 mg kg−1 at day 30 and reduction of exchangeable Al at day 90 from 4.26 to below 2 cmolc kg−1. During the first 60 days of incubation, Si content was positively correlated with soil pH, while the exchangeable Al was negatively correlated with Si content. It is believed that the silicate anions released by calcium silicate were active in neutralizing H+ ions that governs the high acidity (pH 2.90) of the acid sulphate soils. This scenario shows positive effect of calcium silicate to reduce soil acidity, therefore creates a favourable soil condition for good rice growth during its vegetative phase (30 days). Thus, application of calcium silicate to alleviate Al toxicity of acid sulphate soils for rice cultivation is a good soil amendment.

scholarly journals Alleviating aluminum toxicity in an acid sulfate soil from Peninsular Malaysia by calcium silicate application

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Elisa ◽  
S. Ninomiya ◽  
J. Shamshuddin ◽  
I. Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Abstract. In response to human population increase, the utilization of acid sulfate soils for rice cultivation is one option for increasing production. The main problems associated with such soils are their low pH values and their associated high content of exchangeable Al, which could be detrimental to crop growth. The application of soil amendments is one approach for mitigating this problem, and calcium silicate is an alternative soil amendment that could be used. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to ameliorate soil acidity in rice-cropped soil. The secondary objective was to study the effects of calcium silicate amendment on soil acidity, exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca, and Si content. The soil was treated with 0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha−1 of calcium silicate under submerged conditions and the soil treatments were sampled every 30 days throughout an incubation period of 120 days. Application of calcium silicate induced a positive effect on soil pH and exchangeable Al; soil pH increased from 2.9 (initial) to 3.5, while exchangeable Al was reduced from 4.26 (initial) to 0.82 cmolc kg−1. Furthermore, the exchangeable Ca and Si contents increased from 1.68 (initial) to 4.94 cmolc kg−1 and from 21.21 (initial) to 81.71 mg kg−1, respectively. Therefore, it was noted that calcium silicate was effective at alleviating Al toxicity in acid sulfate, rice-cropped soil, yielding values below the critical level of 2 cmolc kg−1. In addition, application of calcium silicate showed an ameliorative effect as it increased soil pH and supplied substantial amounts of Ca and Si.

scholarly journals Rice growth improvement and grains bio-fortification through lime and zinc application in zinc deficit tropical acid sulphate soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Mahmoud Soltani ◽  
Mohamed Musa Hanafi ◽  
Abdol Wahid Samsuri ◽  
Sharifah Kharidah Seyed Muhammed ◽  
Mohammad Abdol Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Zinc Application

scholarly journals Effects of cropping system and varieties on the rice growth and yield in acid sulphate soils of tidal swampland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Izhar Khairullah ◽  
Wahida Annisa ◽  
Herman Subagio ◽  
Hendri Sosiawan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Main Plot

Swampland plays a critical function in agriculture, specifically in growing rice production. The study aimed to determine the effects of cropping systems and varieties on the rice growth and yield in acid sulfate soil of tidal swampland. The experiment was conducted in a potential acid sulphate soils in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three HYV’s of rice, namely Inpara 8, Inpari 32, and Margasari. The subplot consisted of five cropping systems, namely, Jarwo 2:1A, Jarwo 2:1B, Jarwo 2:1C, Hazton, and Tegel.  The plot size was 4 m x 5 m. The variables observed included initial soil properties, plant growth, and yield components. The jajar legowo cropping system in this study was not able to increase rice yields in acid sulphate soil.  There was an interaction effect of cropping systems and varieties on the plant height and number of tillers at vegetative phase. At generative and pre-harvest phases, there was significant single effect of variety and cropping system in the planting height and number of tillers, respectively. Both cropping system and variety significantly affected the number of panicles per hill, while panicle length, grain per panicle and grain yield were only affected by variety.  There was no significant effect of both factors on the number of filled grains per panicle.  Inpara 8 variety achieved the highest grain yield, which was 6.78 ton.ha-1 or equivalent to 4.34 ton.ha-1 of 14 % water content. 

scholarly journals Medium-term soil pH and exchangeable aluminium response to liming at three high country locations

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Moir ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
On Farm

Acid soil conditions and associated aluminium (Al) toxicity pose a serious impediment to legume establishment, persistence and productivity in high country. However, data that report soil exchangeable Al concentrations in response to lime applications are scarce. Three historical (3-8-year-old) lime trial soils were sampled for soil pH and exchangeable aluminium (Al). Soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.5, with exchangeable Al concentrations (CaCl2 extraction) of 0.2 to 24 mg Al/ kg. Soil pH and exchangeable Al changed significantly when lime was applied, but the shape of the response differed between the three site locations. The soil pH changes (0-7.5 cm horizon) were 0.16, 0.10 and 0.20 pH units/t lime applied. Critical research needs to be conducted to investigate the key soil factors and mechanisms that result in Al toxicity in high country soils to enable development of mitigation strategies. On-farm decisions on lime rates and legume species suitability need to be based on soil pH and Al testing from individual farm blocks rather than using "rule of thumb" approaches. Keywords: soil pH, soil exchangeable aluminium, lime, pasture legumes

PHOSPHORUS SORPTION KINETIC ON ACID UPLAND SMECTITIC SOIL AMENDED WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE AND CALCIUM SILICATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Arief Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Sorption Kinetic ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Acid upland smectitic soil is identified by high amount of exchangeable Al due to the weathering of aluminum (Al) octahedral layer by H+ saturation and by very low phosphorus (P) status.  Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium silicate (CaSiO3) were commonly used to decrease exchangeable Al and increase soil pH.  Laboratory experiments were conducted with clayey smectitic Typic Paleudults from Gajrug region, West Java.  The CaCO3 and CaSiO3 were added at rates to replace 0, 1.5 or 3 times of exchangeable Al. After one month of incubation, P sorption kinetic experiments were conducted.   The changes in some chemical properties after one month incubation showed that both CaCO3 and CaSiO3 increased the soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and base saturation  but did not increase the cation exchange capacity.  The results of the experiment showed that both CaCO3 and CaSiO3 decreased the rate constant value of first order kinetic equation (k) and the P sorbed maximum (a) at given amount of added P compared to Control.The CaCO3 was better than CaSiO3 in decreasing k values and on the contrary for a values. The decrease in P maximum sorption and the rate constant of the soil amended with CaSiO3 and CaCO3 due to occupation of P sorption sites by silicates and hydroxyl ions. The CaCO3with the rate to replace 1.5 x exchangeable Al was recommended to decrease the rate constant of P sorption. However, the CaSiO3 at the rate to replace 3 x exchangeable Al was recommended to decrease the maximum P sorption.

scholarly journals Soil pH and exchangeable aluminium in contrasting New Zealand high and hill country soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
A.E. Whitley ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
P.C. Almond ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Soil acidity and associated aluminium (Al) toxicity severely limit the establishment and growth of legumes in New Zealand high country pastures. A survey of 13 soils differing in location, soil order, parent material and climate, showed soil pH to range from 4.9 to 6.4 and exchangeable Al (0.02M CaCl2) concentrations of

A glasshouse evaluation of the comparative effects of organic amendments, lime and phosphate on alleviation of Al toxicity and P deficiency in an Oxisol

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. MOKOLOBATE ◽  
R. J. HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Extractable P

The effects of additions of four organic amendments to an Oxisol on soil pH, exchangeable and soil solution Al, extractable P and maize growth were compared with those of lime and P in a glasshouse experiment. The organic amendments were: grass residues, household compost, filter cake (a waste product of sugar mills) and layer poultry manure and they were added at a rate equivalent to 20 t/ha with or without the addition of either lime (equivalent to 0, 5 or 10 t/ha) or P (equivalent to 0, 10 or 50 kg/ha). Lime applications to the control (unamended) treatment resulted in a marked reduction in exchangeable Al, and concentrations of total (AlT) and monomeric (Almono) Al in soil solution and the proportion of AlT present as Almono. In unlimed soils, amendment additions increased pH and decreased exchangeable Al in the order: poultry manure>filter cake>household compost>grass residues>control. The addition of all the organic amendments increased soil pH and reduced AlT and Almono to low concentrations regardless of whether lime was applied or not. As a result, there was no yield response to applied lime in any of the amended treatments. Olsen-extractable P concentrations in soils followed the order: poultry manure>filter cake>household compost>grass residues>control and there was no yield response to applied P for the poultry manure and filter cake treatments. The decrease in adsorption of subsequently added P induced by additions of organic amendments followed the order: poultry manure>household compost>filter cake>grass residues. It was concluded that the addition of organic amendments to acid soils is a practicable way of liming them and reducing the potential for Al toxicity and it can also reduce fertilizer P requirements.

scholarly journals Solidification Pattern of Si-Alloyed, Inoculated Ductile Cast Irons, Evaluated by Thermal Analysis

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Iuliana Stan ◽  
Denisa Anca ◽  
Stelian Stan ◽  
Iulian Riposan
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Si Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The solidification cooling curve itself as well as its first derivative, and related temperatures, reported to the calculated equilibrium temperatures in stable and metastable solidification systems, are used to predict the solidification characteristics of the cast iron. Silicon, as the most representative cast iron element, and inoculation, as graphitizing metallurgical treatment, have a major influence on the transition from the liquid to the solid state. Six experimental programs are performed, with Si content typically for non-alloyed (<3.0% Si), low (3.0–3.5% Si) and medium alloyed (4.5–5.5% Si) ductile cast irons, as Si-content increasing, and inoculation simultaneous effects. Silicon is an important influencing factor, but the base and minor elements also affect the equilibrium eutectic temperatures, much more in the Fe-C-Si-Xi stable system (15–20 °C) than in the metastable system (5–10 °C), comparing with their calculation based only on a Si effect (Fe-C-Si system). The highest positive effect of inoculation is visible in non-Si alloyed cast irons (2.5% Si): 9–15 °C for the eutectic reaction and 3 to 4 times increased at the end of solidification (37–47 °C). Increased Si content decreases inoculation power to 7–9 °C for low alloying grade (up to 3.5% Si), with the lowest contribution at more than 4.5% Si (0.3–2.0 °C). 2.5–3.5% Si ductile cast irons are more sensitive to high solidification undercooling, especially at the end of solidification (but with a higher efficiency of inoculation), compared to 4.5–5.5% Si ductile cast irons, at a lower undercooling level, and at lower inoculation contribution, as well.

The Use of Drilling Solid Waste as Amendment of Acid-Sulphate Soils of the Orinoco Delta

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vasquez ◽  
J. Urich ◽  
V. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Silva ◽  
A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Orinoco Delta
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