scholarly journals Mediterranean cyclones: Current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Flaounas ◽  
Silvio Davolio ◽  
Shira Raveh-Rubin ◽  
Florian Pantillon ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Mediterranean Cyclones ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Impact Weather ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. A large number of intense cyclones occur every year in the Mediterranean basin, one of the climate change hotspots. Producing a broad range of severe socio-economic and environmental impacts in such a densely populated region, Mediterranean cyclones call for coordinated and interdisciplinary research efforts. This article aims at supporting these efforts by reviewing the status of knowledge in the broad field of Mediterranean cyclones. First, we focus on the dynamics and atmospheric processes that govern the genesis and development of Mediterranean cyclones. Then, we review the state of the art in forecasting cyclones and relevant high-impact weather. Particular attention is given to Mediterranean cyclone tracks and their physical characteristics in current and future climate. Finally, we focus on the impacts produced by cyclones and we outline the future directions of research that would advance the broader field of Mediterranean cyclones as a whole.

scholarly journals Science behind management of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, two P-limited subtropical systems with different climatology and human pressures

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
James W. Fourqurean ◽  
Matthew W. Fraser ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
Gary Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excellent Research ◽  
The Status

This special issue on ‘Science for the management of subtropical embayments: examples from Shark Bay and Florida Bay’ is a valuable compilation of individual research outcomes from Florida Bay and Shark Bay from the past decade and addresses gaps in our scientific knowledge base in Shark Bay especially. Yet the compilation also demonstrates excellent research that is poorly integrated, and driven by interests and issues that do not necessarily lead to a more integrated stewardship of the marine natural values of either Shark Bay or Florida Bay. Here we describe the status of our current knowledge, introduce the valuable extension of the current knowledge through the papers in this issue and then suggest some future directions. For management, there is a need for a multidisciplinary international science program that focusses research on the ecological resilience of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, the effect of interactions between physical environmental drivers and biological control through behavioural and trophic interactions, and all under increased anthropogenic stressors. Shark Bay offers a ‘pristine template’ for this scale of study.

scholarly journals Machine and Deep Learning towards COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Tarik Alafif ◽  
Abdul Muneeim Tehame ◽  
Saleh Bajaba ◽  
Ahmed Barnawi ◽  
Saad Zia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance

With many successful stories, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used in our everyday lives in a number of ways. They have also been instrumental in tackling the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19), which has been happening around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced COVID-19 epidemic has spread rapidly across the world, leading to international outbreaks. The COVID-19 fight to curb the spread of the disease involves most states, companies, and scientific research institutions. In this research, we look at the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ML and DL methods for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, in the battle against COVID-19, we summarize the AI-based ML and DL methods and the available datasets, tools, and performance. This survey offers a detailed overview of the existing state-of-the-art methodologies for ML and DL researchers and the wider health community with descriptions of how ML and DL and data can improve the status of COVID-19, and more studies in order to avoid the outbreak of COVID-19. Details of challenges and future directions are also provided.

scholarly journals Local Interactions of Atmospheric Oxygen with MoS2 Crystals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5979
Author(s):  
Robert Szoszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Open Questions

Thin and single MoS2 flakes are envisioned to contribute to the flexible nanoelectronics, particularly in sensing, optoelectronics and energy harvesting. Thus, it is important to study their stability and local surface reactivity. Their most straightforward surface reactions in this context pertain to thermally induced interactions with atmospheric oxygen. This review focuses on local and thermally induced interactions of MoS2 crystals and single MoS2 flakes. First, experimentally observed data for oxygen-mediated thermally induced morphological and chemical changes of the MoS2 crystals and single MoS2 flakes are presented. Second, state-of-the-art mechanistic insight from computer simulations and arising open questions are discussed. Finally, the properties and fate of the Mo oxides arising from thermal oxidation are reviewed, and future directions into the research of the local MoS2/MoOx interface are provided.

scholarly journals Machine and Deep Learning Towards COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Alafif
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have been widely used in our daily lives in a variety of ways with many effective stories. Also, they have been instrumental in tackling the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, which has been occurring around the world. The COVID-19 epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the world, leading to global outbreaks. Most governments, businesses, and scientific research institutions are taking part in the COVID-19 struggle to stem the spread of the disease. In this survey, we investigate the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based ML and DL towards COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we summarize the AI-based ML and DL methods and available datasets, resources, and results in the fight against COVID-19. This survey provides the ML and DL researchers and the wider health community a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art methodologies and applications with details of how ML and DL and data can improve the status of COVID-19, and further studies to stop the COVID-19 outbreak. Challenges and future directions details are also provided.

Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

Revisiting the High-Pressure Properties of the Metal-Organic Frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-67

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Vervoorts ◽  
Stefan Burger ◽  
Karina Hemmer ◽  
Gregor Kieslich
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Structural Flexibility ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Metal Organic

The zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 harbour a series of fascinating stimuli responsive properties. Looking at their responsitivity to hydrostatic pressure as stimulus, open questions exist regarding the isotropic compression with non-penetrating pressure transmitting media. By applying a state-of-the-art high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction setup, we revisit the high-pressure behaviour of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 up to <i>p</i> = 0.4 GPa in small pressure increments. We observe a drastic, reversible change of high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction data at <i>p</i> = 0.3 GPa, discovering large volume structural flexibility in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Our results imply a shallow underlying energy landscape in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, an observation that might point at rich polymorphism of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, similar to ZIF-4(Zn).<br>

Revisiting the High-Pressure Properties of the Metal-Organic Frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-67

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Vervoorts ◽  
Stefan Burger ◽  
Karina Hemmer ◽  
Gregor Kieslich
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Structural Flexibility ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Metal Organic

The zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 harbour a series of fascinating stimuli responsive properties. Looking at their responsitivity to hydrostatic pressure as stimulus, open questions exist regarding the isotropic compression with non-penetrating pressure transmitting media. By applying a state-of-the-art high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction setup, we revisit the high-pressure behaviour of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 up to <i>p</i> = 0.4 GPa in small pressure increments. We observe a drastic, reversible change of high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction data at <i>p</i> = 0.3 GPa, discovering large volume structural flexibility in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Our results imply a shallow underlying energy landscape in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, an observation that might point at rich polymorphism of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, similar to ZIF-4(Zn).<br>

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404
Author(s):  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
Aleksandra Tarasiuk ◽  
Agata Binienda ◽  
Adam Fabisiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected. Recently, members of the family of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) have become attractive pharmacological targets in many diseases, including asthma; studies also point to their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and future directions in FFAR research related to CRC. Contradictory results of FFARs modulation may derive from the pleiotropic effects of FFAR ligands, receptor distribution and different signal transduction. Hence, we indicate directions of further studies to fully use the potential of FFARs in CRC.

Targeting Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Misfolding in Homocystinuria by Small Ligands: State of the Art and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 1455-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Majtan ◽  
Angel L. Pey ◽  
June Ereño-Orbea ◽  
Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz ◽  
Jan P. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cystathionine Beta Synthase ◽  
Small Ligands

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Uterine Fibroids

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajra Takala ◽  
Qiwei Yang ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd El Razek ◽  
Mohamed Ali ◽  
Ayman Al-Hendy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, have placed a substantial burden on public health. Alcohol consumption is increasing globally due to several factors including easy accessibility of this addictive substance besides its legal status and social acceptability. In the US, alcohol is the third leading preventable cause of death (after tobacco, poor diet and physical inactivity) with an estimated 88,000 people dying from alcohol-related causes annually, representing 1 in 10 deaths among working adults. Furthermore, the economic burden of excess drinking costs the US around $249 billion ($191.1 billion related to binge drinking). Although men likely drink more than women do, women are at much higher risk for alcohol-related problems. Alcohol use is also considered to be one of the most common non-communicable diseases, which affects reproductive health. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about alcohol-related pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UFs) and highlights the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of UFs in response to alcohol consumption. Additionally, the effect of alcohol on the levels of various factors that are involved in UFs pathogenesis, such as steroid hormones, growth factors and cytokines, are summarized in this review. Animal studies of deleterious alcohol effect and future directions are discussed as well.

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