scholarly journals In Vivo Study of Nutritive Value of Oil Seeds from New Varieties of Sunflower, Safflower and Groundnut

IIOAB Letters ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Ingale ◽  
S. K. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
New Varieties

The nutritive value of new varieties of oil seeds has been assessed in a series of feeding trial with 34 days old 18 white rats supported moderate rat growth (male albino). The nutritive values of five new varieties of oil seeds, viz sunflower ( Helianths annuus L.) variety LSF -11 and LSF-8 , safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) variety PBNS-12 and PBNS-40, and  groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)  variety JL-24 were determined and compared in terms of the total feed intake, faeces voided, feed utilization, percent of feed utilization, nitrogen intake, nitrogen voided, nitrogen utilization, percent of nitrogen utilization, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio per rat per day were reported in ranged between 6.56 to 8.03, 1.20 to 1.48, 5.26 to 6.55, 80.15 to 82.70, 0.25 to 0.32, 0.02 to 0.028, 0.23 to 0.30, 90.75 to 92.89, (+)1.37 to  (+)1.51 and (+)0.35 to (+)0.37  percent respectively. These new varieties of oil seeds were found non-toxic for rats and supported moderate rat growth. 

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

Lemongrass supplementation to Farafra ewes improved feed utilization, lactational performance and milk nutritive value in the subtropics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Osama H. Matloup ◽  
Fatma I. Hadhoud ◽  
Ayman Y. Kassab ◽  
Moyosore J. Adegbeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Lactational Performance

scholarly journals Kinetic and regulatory properties of cytosolic pyruvate kinase from germinating castor oil seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F E Podestá ◽  
W C Plaxton
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cytosolic Ph ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Regulatory Properties

The kinetic and regulatory properties of cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PKc) isolated from endosperm of germinating castor oil seeds (Ricinus communis L.) have been studied. Optimal efficiency in substrate utilization (in terms of Vmax/Km for phosphoenolpyruvate or ADP) occurred between pH 6.7 and 7.4. Enzyme activity was absolutely dependent on the presence of a bivalent and a univalent metal cation, with Mg2+ and K+ fulfilling this requirement. Mg2+ binding showed positive and negative co-operativity at pH 6.5 (h = 1.6) and pH 7.2 (h = 0.69) respectively. Hyperbolic saturation kinetics were observed with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and K+, whereas ADP acted as a mixed-type inhibitor over 1 mM. Glycerol (10%, v/v) increased the S0.5(ADP) 2.3-fold and altered the pattern of nucleotide binding from hyperbolic (h = 1.0) to sigmoidal (h = 1.79) without modifying PEP saturation kinetics. No activators were identified. ATP, AMP, isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, glycerol 3-phosphate and phosphoglycolate were the most effective inhibitors. These metabolites yielded additive inhibition when tested in pairs. ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate were mixed-type inhibitors with respect to PEP, whereas competitive inhibition was observed for other inhibitors. Inhibition by malate, 2-oxoglutarate, phosphorylated triose sugars or phosphoglycolate was far more pronounced at pH 7.2 than at pH 6.5. Although 32P-labelling studies revealed that extensive phosphorylation in vivo of soluble endosperm proteins occurred between days 3 and 5 of seed germination, no alteration in the 32P-labelling pattern of 5-day-germinated endosperm was observed after 30 min of anaerobiosis. Moreover, no evidence was obtained that PKc was a phosphoprotein in aerobic or anoxic endosperms. It is proposed that endosperm PKc activity of germinating castor seeds is enhanced after anaerobiosis through concerted decreases in ATP levels, cytosolic pH and concentrations of several key inhibitors.

scholarly journals Growth hormone protects against radiotherapy-induced cell death

2002 ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Madrid ◽  
S Varea ◽  
I Sanchez-Perez ◽  
L Gomez-Garcia ◽  
E De Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Rat Growth

BACKGROUND: In vivo treatment with growth hormone reduces radiation-associated mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. It has been described that increased sensitivity to ionising radiation can be due to defects in machinery involved in detection and/or repair of DNA double-strand breaks. OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanisms involved in growth hormone action on the increased survival in irradiated cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CHO-4 cells stably expressing the growth hormone receptor were used. A cell viability assay was carried out to analyse the increase in survival induced by growth hormone in irradiated cells. To investigate whether the DNA repair mechanism could be implicated in this effect we performed DNA reactivation assays using pHIV-LUC and pCMV-betagal plasmids as control. Identical studies were also conducted using the radiomimetic drug, bleomycin. RESULTS: Growth hormone protects CHO-4 cells from bleomycin- and radiation-induced cell death. In pHIV-LUC transfected cells, a time-dependent decrease in luciferase activity was observed after irradiation in the absence of growth hormone. However, cells pretreated with this hormone maintained reporter activity. When cells were transfected with irradiated pHIV-LUC plasmid, only the hormone-treated cells recovered the transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone exerts a radioprotective effect in CHO-4 cells stably transfected with the complementary DNA for the rat growth hormone receptor. The radioprotection is triggered directly by the hormone and it is also observed with bleomycin. The increased survival in response to radiation and bleomycin treatment induced by growth hormone correlates with an enhanced ability of the cells to repair damaged DNA.

scholarly journals Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in ruminant nutrition: a review of the chemical composition and nutritive value

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Olurotimi A. Olafadehan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Protein Feed

AbstractRecently, microalgae, natural marine resources, have gained increasing interests as a feed for animals. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are single-cell microorganisms that have been used to provide nutrition to humans and animals for centuries. In the present review, we unveil the composition and nutritive value of C. vulgaris microalgae as a feed for ruminants. Research has shown that inclusion of C. vulgaris microalgae in diets improved feed utilization, milk production and quality, growth performance, and meat quality in ruminants, as a result of improved diet nutritive value leading to improved feed utilization. Very low doses of C. vulgaris in feed enhance growth and lactational performance of ruminants. Additionally, C. vulgaris showed very promising results as an alternative to corn and soybean meal; however, it is an expensive protein feed. Therefore, the main constraint to use of C. vulgaris as a feedstuff is its high cost of production, making improvement of cultivation technology to reduce the production costs a critical issue in the near future.

Monitoring the performance of a broad-based calibration for measuring the nutritive value of two independent populations of pasture using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Smith ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective method for the measurement of organic constituents of agricultural products. NIR is widely used to measure feed quality around the world and is gaining acceptance in Australia. This study describes the development of an NIR calibration to measure crude protein (CP), predicted in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in temperate pasture species grown in south-western Victoria. A subset of 116 samples was selected on the basis of spectral characteristics from 461 pasture samples grown in 1987-89. Several grass and legume species were present in the population. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used on the 116 samples to develop calibration equations with standard errors of 0.8,2.3 and 2.2% for CP, NDF and IVDMD, respectively. When these equations were tested on 2 independent pasture populations, a significant bias existed between NIR and reference values for 2 constituents in each population, indicating that the calibration samples did not adequately represent the new populations for these constituents. The results also showed that the H statistic alone was inadequate as an indicator of equation performance. It was confirmed that it was possible to develop a broad-based calibration to measure accurately the nutritive value of closed populations of temperate pasture species. For the resulting equations to be used for analysis of other populations, however, they must be monitored by comparing reference and NIR analyses on a small number of samples to check for the presence of bias or a significant increase in unexplained error.

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