scholarly journals Social Science and Latin America: Promises to Keep

2000 ◽  
pp. 798-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Briceño-León ◽  
Heinz R. Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Sociological Association ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Immanuel Wallerstein ◽  
Intense Debate

During his intellectual and academic life, Immanuel Wallerstein always makes contributions that are the subject of intense debate and controversy. Now he has given us, as an additional legacy to complete his four years of brilliant, hard, and—why not?—controversial work on behalf of our science as the President of the International Sociological Association (ISA), and as a contribution to commencing the 14th World Congress, another powerful provocation regarding the current state of the art of sociology, or better put, social science. He has done this with reference to the contributions sociological thinking has made, the challenges that social science has encountered, and the promises that social science should ful?ll. The provocation is broad and taken to its extreme.

scholarly journals An Overview of Lidar Imaging Systems for Autonomous Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Royo ◽  
Maria Ballesta-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Large Uncertainty ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject

Lidar imaging systems are one of the hottest topics in the optronics industry. The need to sense the surroundings of every autonomous vehicle has pushed forward a race dedicated to deciding the final solution to be implemented. However, the diversity of state-of-the-art approaches to the solution brings a large uncertainty on the decision of the dominant final solution. Furthermore, the performance data of each approach often arise from different manufacturers and developers, which usually have some interest in the dispute. Within this paper, we intend to overcome the situation by providing an introductory, neutral overview of the technology linked to lidar imaging systems for autonomous vehicles, and its current state of development. We start with the main single-point measurement principles utilized, which then are combined with different imaging strategies, also described in the paper. An overview of the features of the light sources and photodetectors specific to lidar imaging systems most frequently used in practice is also presented. Finally, a brief section on pending issues for lidar development in autonomous vehicles has been included, in order to present some of the problems which still need to be solved before implementation may be considered as final. The reader is provided with a detailed bibliography containing both relevant books and state-of-the-art papers for further progress in the subject.

Needle Heating during High-Speed Sewing

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Hersh ◽  
P. L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Subject

A review of the literature and extensive field interviews have been conducted on the subject of needle heating in high-speed sewing. As a result of this investigation, a survey of the current state of the art and knowledge available in the field has been completed and is presented in the following categories: (1) the nature of the problem and the difficulties which arise in commercial operations; (2) quantitative methods of measuring needle temperatures; (3) the influence of machine factors such as sewing speed, length of sewing time, and needle design on the heat generated during sewing; (4) the influence of material factors such as fabric structure and finish, layers of fabric, and sewing thread on needle heating; (5) techniques for alleviating needle heating problems; and (6) the mechanism of generation and dissipation of heat in the sewing process. Some heretofore unpublished data are presented.

scholarly journals Dendroclimatology in Latin America, State of the Art and Contributions for Understanding Climate Variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Sánchez ◽  
Manuel E. Mendoza ◽  
Teodoro Carlón-Allende ◽  
José Villanueva-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics

Dendroclimatology has gained relevance during the XXI century. We analyze the state of-the-art of dendroclimatology in Latin America during the past 28 years (1990 to 2019), identifying the current state and recent advances in the application of dendroclimatology in this region. We carried out a systematic review in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using Boolean operators to logically connect the keywords “dendrochronology,” “dendroclimatology,” “trend,” “climatic variability,” and “climatic variability trend”, for each country. Dendroclimatological research conducted in the region focused on climatic reconstruction and the evaluation of new tree species with dendrochronological potential, which increase in 2010, then there was a gap between 1995 and 1996, later increase to present. Dendroclimatological studies in Latin America have been mainly developed in temperate climate zones (82.4 %) followed by tropical or subtropical areas (17.6 %). Dendroclimatological research in Latin America has provided advances in the study of climate variability by defining response functions of tree rings to climate. The generated information allows for a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of climatic variability and about its effects on ecosystems and society. We also call for increased dendroclimatological research based on subtropical and tropical forests limited studied until today.

scholarly journals Assessing Sustainability in the Shipbuilding Supply Chain 4.0: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ramirez-Peña ◽  
Francisco J. Abad Fraga ◽  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Moises Batista
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Do So

The supply chain is currently taking on a very important role in organizations seeking to improve the competitiveness and profitability of the company. Its transversal character mainly places it in an unbeatable position to achieve this role. This article, through a study of each of the key enabling technologies of Industry 4.0, aims to obtain a general overview of the current state of the art in shipbuilding adapted to these technologies. To do so, a systematic review of what the scientific community says is carried out, dividing each of the technologies into different categories. In addition, the global vision of countries interested in each of the enabling technologies is also studied. Both studies present a general vision to the companies of the concerns of the scientific community, thus encouraging research on the subject that is focused on the sustainability of the shipbuilding supply chain.

scholarly journals State Authority and Lynching in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni B. Corvino ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Intense Debate

Social scientists observed a significant increase in the number of lynchings in contemporary Latin America. The reasons for the rise are wide-ranging and conflicting. However, there are commonalities with the well-known cases of the United States of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in which state legitimacy was the subject of intense debate. Therefore, this essay aims at observing why state intervention was deemed illegitimate in resolving local disputes that led to the vigilantes’ use of this form of extra-legal violence.

Slipping on Concrete: A Case Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Barnett ◽  
Adam A. E. Ziemba ◽  
Theodore Liber
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Current State ◽  
Classical Criterion ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The Subject

The notion of slipperiness is rarely associated with a concrete walkway. The aggressive nature of this surface invariably satisfies the classical criterion of a safe floor. The case study described in this paper challenges this preconception. It involves a woman who enters an indoor stairwell of a parking lot and slips on the dry concrete landing while approaching the stairs with her arm outstretched to grasp the railing. The current state-of-the-art of human slipping provides this victim with no remedy at law. This paper presents a forensic and safety study that focuses on slip and fall. Slip is usually analyzed by a classical system that has no redeeming features. This protocol provides a go/no-go criterion that proclaims a walking surface safe if its interaction with a surrogate material (e.g. leather) produces an average coefficient of friction greater than 0.5. It turns out that many walkers slip on such mythical “safe” floors. The subject case adopts a modern theory of human slipping that quantitatively predicts the number of walkers who will slip on a given surface including concrete landings.

From Popular Religion to Practices of Sacralization: Approaches for a Conceptual Discussion

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloísa Martín
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conceptual Discussion

The concept of “popular religion” is among the most frequent to arise in debates on religion in social science. Nevertheless, there is often disagreement on the scope of this concept and its definition, which are the result of an implicit and indiscriminate notion of religion. The author identifies three main groups of works that describe and apply different definitions of popular religion. The first, clearly identified with a Catholic matrix, considers popular religion as the religion of the “people”. The second focuses on the “functions” that popular religion fulfils among the poorest sectors of the population, as a way of dealing with deprivation. The third group suggests the existence of a “different logic” to analyse religious events. Basing herself on the main literature produced in Latin America on the subject, the author proposes a way round the problems raised by coining and discussing the concept of “practices of sacralization”.

scholarly journals Electrocardiogram in Haïssaguerre Syndrome (Early Repolarization)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Raphael Chiarini ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Duarte ◽  
João Durval Ramalho Trigueiro Mendes Junior ◽  
José Tarcísio Medeiros de Vasconcelos ◽  
Silas dos Santos Galvão Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Early Repolarization ◽  
Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: Early repolarization pattern (ERP) has traditionally been related as a benign variant of electrocardiography (ECG). However, since 2008, when two studies were published for Haïssaguerre et al. and Rosso et al., with evidence of a higher prevalence of ERP in people with primary or idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF), this paradigm has been challenged. Objective: To conduct a thorough review of early repolarization and current state of the art regarding risk stratification in these patients. Methods: Literature review on the subject evaluating the works published in high impact journals. Conclusion: The correlation of risk factors and the real value of the various methods currently available as possible risk stratifiers is still controversial. Advances in genetics and molecular biology may in the future help in understanding the pathophysiology and better risk stratification in this population. In this context, the standardization of the definition and classification of early repolarization is imperative, as it will serve as a substrate for future studies and researches in the area.

scholarly journals Current state of the art of protein therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
B. A. Volter
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vaccine Therapy ◽  
Protein Therapy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
The Subject

The subject of my lecture is the doctrine of the nonspecific treatment of infectious and other diseases, which, under the name Proteinkrpertherapie, currently combines a number of long-known therapeutic methods, such as: vaccine therapy, serotherapy, organotherapy, as well as those departments of pharmacotherapy where the current principles are various substances of a protein nature.

scholarly journals Forty Years of Research and Treatment in Immunology and Allergy: In Honor of Professor Reza Farid Hosseini

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Mostafa Moin ◽  
Fatah Kashanchi ◽  
Alireza Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Immune

In light of various supports of prodigious figures in the field of immunology and allergy, the subject area has been faced a great leap during the last century. The current state of the discipline owes an abundant appreciation for the scholars motivated in escalating the true nature of the science, who left no stone unturned in improving the general common sense and understanding of the human knowledge in general, and immunology and allergy in particular. Professor Reza Farid Hosseini is among the dignitaries who invested his life and energy on weaving the tapestry of the immunology and allergy. He delivered a great deal of influence on the field by his ethical devotion to science and was a significant contributor in the realms of the human immune system. His presence drastically rehabilitated the place of the Immunology in Iran, and the current paper seeks to review the personal and academic life of Professor Reza Farid Hosseini in honor and appreciation for his in-depth involvement in the field. The paper summarizes Professor Farid’s childhood, school, and higher education, compilations, and translation of books, his contribution to the research both inside and outside of Iran, and scientific activities of Dr. Farid Hosseini.

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