scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE ESSENCE OF MENTALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(22)) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Rakhat Duishenguevna Stamova ◽  
T. M. Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
The Individual

The article considers a number of features of the mentality that make up its essence. The behavior and life activity of each individual, social groups, and society as a whole are determined by economic and political motivation and expediency, but are not limited to them, but are built on a certain spiritual and psychological basis, which includes, among other things, all previous experience, and this or that perception of reality, and value judgments, etc. This circumstance encourages philosophers to turn to such a phenomenon as mentality when evaluating certain social phenomena and processes, since mentality, forming the core of the individual and group and reflecting the main contradictions of society, determines the specific cultural level, nature and direction, and program of individual and collective actions.

The Ubiquity of Joint Commitment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Central Social

After noting that joint commitments can be made gradually and by more subtle means than those constitutive of agreements and promises, and that they may obtain in large populations spread over great distances, this chapter argues that many central social phenomena other than agreements and promises are constituted by joint commitments with associated demand-rights and directed obligations. These phenomena range from the instantaneous occurrence of “mutual recognition” between two people in close proximity to large, enduring social groups. They include shared intentions or plans, doing things together, and collective attitudes such as collective value judgments. It is argued also that a particular kind of joint commitment offers an intelligible ground for command authority. Thus, should joint commitment be the only source of demand-rights, such rights will still be ubiquitous in human lives.

scholarly journals AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF HANDICRAFT EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (191) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Chystiakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the axiological aspect as one of the core factors in the formation of the environmental culture of future teachers of handicraft education and technology, which contributes to improving the quality of environmental education and upbringing, the greening of the entire educational process. It is noted that today universal values come to the fore as the basis of ecological culture and are decisive in the content of the individual, are the basis of his attitude to the environment and other people, form the motivational basis of life, personal and professional development. It is noted that today universal values come to the fore as the basis of ecological culture and are decisive in the content of the individual, are the basis of his attitude to the environment and other people, form the motivational basis of life, personal and professional development. It is noted that today universal values come to the fore as the basis of ecological culture and are decisive in the content of the individual, are the basis of his attitude to the environment and other people, form the motivational basis of life, personal and professional development. At the same time, the axiological aspect is one of the key ones, as value orientations determine the content of a person's orientation, are the basis of his attitude to the environment and other people, and form the motivational basis of life activity.

scholarly journals Illness Causation and Interpretation in a Newar Town

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Understanding Of Illness ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Illness Causation

One of the core concerns of medical anthropology is to explore how people in different cultures and social groups explain the causes of ill health, the type of treatment they believe in, and to whom they turn if they do become ill. This article focuses on the understanding of illness causation by the Newars in Kirtipur and their concern about biological and socio-cultural aspects of healthy behavior, and particularly with the ways in which they have been coping in everyday life. The basic method of data collection for this study was formal and informal discussions with the elderly Newar males and females, followed by discussions with youths to explore the variations in their perceptions. The findings show that the understanding of illness etiology is multi-causal. The individual, natural, social, and supernatural causes are not mutually exclusive but are usually linked together in a particular case. In any specific case of illness, moreover, people’s explanatory model varies in how they explain its etiology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6358 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 101-120    

Models, Practices and Methods of Reading: Evolution in Time and Space

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yulia P. Melentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Program ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Individual

In recent years as public in general and specialist have been showing big interest to the matters of reading. According to discussion and launch of the “Support and Development of Reading National Program”, many Russian libraries are organizing the large-scale events like marathons, lecture cycles, bibliographic trainings etc. which should draw attention of different social groups to reading. The individual forms of attraction to reading are used much rare. To author’s mind the main reason of such an issue has to be the lack of information about forms and methods of attraction to reading.

Reply to Connor and Evers (2020): Critique of the Bias of Crowds Model Simply Restates the Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Payne ◽  
Heidi A. Vuletich ◽  
Kristjen B. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Individual

The Bias of Crowds model (Payne, Vuletich, & Lundberg, 2017) argues that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts. It is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level. But when aggregated to measure context-level effects, the scores become stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. We concluded that the statistical benefits of aggregation are so powerful that researchers should reconceptualize implicit bias as a feature of contexts, and ask new questions about how implicit biases relate to systemic racism. Connor and Evers (2020) critiqued the model, but their critique simply restates the core claims of the model. They agreed that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts; that it is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level; and that aggregating scores to measure context-level effects makes them more stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. Connor and Evers concluded that implicit bias should be considered to really be noisily measured individual construct because the effects of aggregation are merely statistical. We respond to their specific arguments and then discuss what it means to really be a feature of persons versus situations, and multilevel measurement and theory in psychological science more broadly.

Feminisation of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Odisha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Narayan Biswal ◽  
◽  
S. K. Mishra ◽  
M. K. Sarangi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Order Stochastic Dominance ◽  
The Individual

UNDP’s 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasized gender equality in augmenting human capital and alleviating poverty. For eradication of extreme poverty and building resilience for persons who are vulnerable to poverty, SDGs calls for a pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy framework. In this context, a gender-based study on multi-dimensional aspects of poverty is highly significant. Extant literature reveals that females are more deprived in different dimensions of poverty such as education, health, living standard, empowerment, environment, autonomy and social relationship. The present study is conducted with the basic objective of examining feminization of poverty in rural areas of Jagatsinghapur district of Odisha. Seven socio-economic dimensions comprising sixteen indicators have been taken into consideration to construct the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) using the Alkire-Foster (AF) Method at the individual level. The novelty of the study lies in analyzing MPI at the individual level for rural Odisha. Higher female deprivation is observed across social groups and all occupation categories except services. Dummy variable regression analysis also supports the major findings of the study. Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function satisfies strict first-order stochastic dominance condition and substantiates the feminisation of poverty at each level of poverty cut-off across all social groups and occupational categories except for services. The findings of the study have significant implications for developing suitable policies for gender equalization and poverty alleviation.

Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Oyserman
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Core ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Fidelity Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Minimal Effort

Everyone can imagine their future self, even very young children, and this future self is usually positive and education-linked. To make progress toward an aspired future or away from a feared future requires people to plan and take action. Unfortunately, most people often start too late and commit minimal effort to ineffective strategies that lead their attention elsewhere. As a result, their high hopes and earnest resolutions often fall short. In Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation Daphna Oyserman focuses on situational constraints and affordances that trigger or impede taking action. Focusing on when the future-self matters and how to reduce the shortfall between the self that one aspires to become and the outcomes that one actually attains, Oyserman introduces the reader to the core theoretical framework of identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. IBM theory is the prediction that people prefer to act in identity-congruent ways but that the identity-to-behavior link is opaque for a number of reasons (the future feels far away, difficulty of working on goals is misinterpreted, and strategies for attaining goals do not feel identity-congruent). Oyserman's book goes on to also include the stakes and how the importance of education comes into play as it improves the lives of the individual, their family, and their society. The framework of IBM theory and how to achieve it is broken down into three parts: how to translate identity-based motivation into a practical intervention, an outline of the intervention, and empirical evidence that it works. In addition, the book also includes an implementation manual and fidelity measures for educators utilizing this book to intervene for the improvement of academic outcomes.

scholarly journals Power, Agency, Relationality and Welfare Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHAEL DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article argues that constructions of social phenomena in social policy and welfare scholarship think about the subjects and objects of welfare practice in essentialising ways, with negativistic effects for practitioners working in ‘regulatory’ contexts such as housing and homelessness practice. It builds into debates about power, agency, social policy and welfare by bringing psychosocial and feminist theorisations of relationality to practice research. It claims that relational approaches provide a starting point for the analysis of empirical practice data, by working through the relationship between the individual and the social via an ontological unpicking and revisioning of practitioners' social worlds.

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy with older people

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for a number of psychiatric disorders in adults of all ages. With the proportion of the population aged 65 or over increasing steadily, it is important to be aware of how the CBT needs of this age group can be best met. This article provides an overview of CBT and the historical context of using it with older people. Although an understanding of the individual, irrespective of age, is at the core of CBT, potential modifications to the procedure and content aimed at optimising its effectiveness for older people are discussed.

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